A Philosophy Of Contract Law For Artificial Intelligence: Shared Intentionality,
2022
Touro Law Center
A Philosophy Of Contract Law For Artificial Intelligence: Shared Intentionality, John Linarelli
Scholarly Works
This is a chapter for the forthcoming book, Contracting and Contract Law in the Age of Artificial Intelligence, edited by Martin Ebers, Cristina Poncibò, and Mimi Zou, to be published by Hart Publishing. The aim of this chapter is to offer a general theory of contract law to account for the inclusion of artificial intelligence in contract practices. Artificial intelligence brings out that what makes contract law a distinctive form of legal obligation is shared intentionality. I refer to this insight as the shared intentionality thesis. Shared intentionality is the psychological capacity of one agent to share and pursue a …
Systemic Risk Of Contract,
2022
Touro Law Center
Systemic Risk Of Contract, Tal Kastner
Scholarly Works
Complexity and uncertainty define our world, now more than ever. Scholars and practitioners have celebrated modular contract design as an especially effective tool to manage these challenges. Modularity divides complex structures into relatively discrete, independent components with simple connections. The benefits of this fundamental drafting approach are intuitive. Lawyers divide contracts into sections and provisions to make them easier to understand and reduce uncertainty. Dealmakers constructing complex transactions use portable agreements as building blocks to reduce drafting costs and enable innovation. Little attention, however, has been paid to the risks introduced by modularity in contracts. This Article demonstrates how this …
Why The Corporation Locks In Financial Capital But The Partnership Does Not,
2022
Fordham University School of Law
Why The Corporation Locks In Financial Capital But The Partnership Does Not, Richard Squire
Faculty Scholarship
Each partner in an at-will partnership can obtain a cash payout of his interest at any time. The corporation, by contrast, locks in shareholder capital, denying general payout rights to shareholders unless the charter states otherwise. What explains this difference? This Article argues that partner payout rights reduce the costs of two other characteristics of the partnership: the non-transferability of partner control rights, and the possibility for partnerships to be formed inadvertently. While these characteristics serve valuable functions, they can introduce a bilateral-monopoly problem and a special freezeout hazard unless each partner can force the firm to cash out his …
Contracts Without Courts Or Clans: How Business Networks Govern Exchange,
2022
Notre Dame Law School
Contracts Without Courts Or Clans: How Business Networks Govern Exchange, Sadie Blanchard
Journal Articles
Legal scholars have long recognized the close-knit community as an alternative institution for supporting trade when contract law and trusted courts are unavailable. But recent research suggests that another option may be available: heterogeneous business networks. What’s interesting is that these networks lack features traditionally seen as essential to community-supported trade. In particular, they lack preexisting noncommercial social ties that allow reliable and trusted information to spread at low cost, make exiting the network difficult, and enable coordinated sanctioning of cheaters. As a result, some leading scholars doubt that these networks are doing the work of sustaining cooperation. This Article …
#Fintok And Financial Regulation,
2022
Texas A&M University School of Law
#Fintok And Financial Regulation, Nikita Aggarwal, D. Bondy Valdovinos Kaye, Christopher K. Odinet
Faculty Scholarship
Social media platforms are becoming an increasingly important site for consumer finance. This phenomenon is referred to as “FinTok,” a reference to the “#fintok” hashtag that identifies financial content on TikTok, a popular social media platform. This Essay examines the new methodological possibilities for consumer financial regulation due to FinTok. It argues that FinTok content offers a novel and valuable source of data for identifying emerging fintech trends and associated consumer risks. As such, financial regulators should use FinTok content analysis—and social media content analysis more broadly—as an additional method for the supervision and regulation of consumer financial markets. The …
Contracting For Process,
2022
American University Washington College of Law
Contracting For Process, David Snyder
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This article introduces the concept of contracting for process and considers when it is likely to be the best contract design. Contracting for process is in widespread use, but it often goes unnoticed. Some characteristics of contracting for process suit it particularly well to situations of uncertainty, including the radical uncertainty that results from fundamental disruptions such as COVID-19. Parties can employ this design for both contracts made or renegotiated during a crisis and for contracts made in ordinary times. The concept articulated here, however, is not confined to contexts of uncertainty or complexity; it can be used to achieve …
Defining Smart Contract Defects On Ethereum,
2022
Monash University
Defining Smart Contract Defects On Ethereum, Jiachi Chen, Xin Xia, David Lo, John Grundy, Xiapu Luo, Ting Chen
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Smart contracts are programs running on a blockchain. They are immutable to change, and hence can not be patched for bugs once deployed. Thus it is critical to ensure they are bug-free and well-designed before deployment. A Contract defect is an error, flaw or fault in a smart contract that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways. The detection of contract defects is a method to avoid potential bugs and improve the design of existing code. Since smart contracts contain numerous distinctive features, such as the gas system. decentralized, it is important …
Do Social Movements Spur Corporate Change? The Rise Of 'Metoo Termination Rights' In Ceo Contracts,
2022
Washington University in St. Louis School of Law
Do Social Movements Spur Corporate Change? The Rise Of 'Metoo Termination Rights' In Ceo Contracts, James Hicks, Rachel Arnow-Richman, Steven Davidoff Solomon
Scholarship@WashULaw
Do social movements spur corporate change? This Article sheds new empirical and theoretical light on the issue through an original study of executive contracts before and after MeToo. The MeToo movement, beginning in late 2017, exposed a workplace culture seemingly permissive of high-level, sex-based misconduct. Companies typically responded slowly and imposed few consequences on perpetrators, often allowing them to depart with lucrative exit packages. Why did companies reward rather than penalize bad actors, and has the movement disrupted this culture of complicity?
The passage of time since the height of the movement allows us to investigate these issues empirically, using …
Sexual Agreements,
2022
Washington University in St. Louis School of Law
Sexual Agreements, Susan Frelich Appleton, Albertina Antognini
Scholarship@WashULaw
Few would find it surprising that an agreement for sex falls outside the bounds of contract law. Prostitution—defined as an exchange of sex for money—has long been a crime, a point that courts often make in declining to enforce agreements between unmarried partners. In fact, courts routinely invalidate contracts when sex forms the basis of a couple’s bargain, whether married or not, and whether the sex is explicit or inferred from the relationship itself. A closer look at the legal treatment of sexual agreements, however, tells a more complicated story. Although courts reject sex as consideration for being “meretricious” or …
The New Bailments,
2022
Washington University in St. Louis School of Law
The New Bailments, Danielle D'Onfro
Scholarship@WashULaw
The rise of cloud computing has dramatically changed how consumers and firms store their belongings. Property that owners once managed directly now exists primarily on infrastructure maintained by intermediaries. Consumers entrust their photos to Apple instead of scrapbooks; businesses put their documents on Amazon’s servers instead of in file cabinets; seemingly everything runs in the cloud. Were these belongings tangible, the relationship between owner and intermediary would be governed by the common-law doctrine of bailment. Bailments are mandatory relationships formed when one party entrusts their property to another. Within this relationship, the bailees owe the bailors a duty of care …
Tanggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Pembuatan Akta Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Jumlah Yang Tidak Wajar Dengan Bantuan Sistem Milik Pt Sm,
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Tanggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Pembuatan Akta Jaminan Fidusia Dalam Jumlah Yang Tidak Wajar Dengan Bantuan Sistem Milik Pt Sm, Emeralda Valerie
Indonesian Notary
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap pembuatan akta jaminan fidusia dalam jumlah yang tidak wajar dengan bantuan sistem milik PT SM. Sistem membantu proses pembuatan akta jaminan fidusia dan pendaftaran dalam waktu singkat. Penggunaan sistem tidak mengindahkan syarat formal akta autentik. Penelitian ini mengangkat masalah mengenai autentisitas akta jaminan fidusia yang dibuat menggunakan bantuan sistem; tanggung jawab Notaris terhadap akta jaminan fidusia yang kehilangan autentisitasnya; dan peran Dewan Kehormatan Notaris (DKN) dalam pelanggaran atas batas kewajaran jumlah pembuatan akta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan studi dokumen dan wawancara. Analisis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian …
Peran Dan Tanggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Akta Wasiat Yang Dibatalkan Oleh Hakim Yang Berisikan Erfstelling Atau Legaat Kepada Cucu (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 295 Pk/Pdt/2020),
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Peran Dan Tanggung Jawab Notaris Terhadap Akta Wasiat Yang Dibatalkan Oleh Hakim Yang Berisikan Erfstelling Atau Legaat Kepada Cucu (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 295 Pk/Pdt/2020), Devka Octara Putera Akbar Girindrawardhana
Indonesian Notary
Penelitian ini terkait dengan akta wasiat umum yang dibatalkan oleh hakim dengan pertimbangan akta wasiat berbentuk wasiat fidei commis serta melanggar hak para ahli waris. Berdasarkan pada pengertian wasiat ialah surat yang berisikan kehendak yang dibuat oleh pewaris yang merupakan tindakan hukum yang ingin dilakukan apabila yang bersangkutan meninggal dunia dan dalam pembuatan akta wasiat umum ini dilakukan di hadapan seorang notaris yang mengakibatkan notaris juga dijadikan sebagai turut tergugat sebagai pihak yang membuatkan akta yang dianggap tidak sesuai dengan hukum di indoneisa. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai akibat batalnya akta wasiat umum yang dibatalkan oleh hakim …
Keabsahan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Yang Objeknya Sama Dengan Perjanjian Jual Beli Dengan Hak Membeli Kembali (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No. 509 K/Pdt/2020),
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Keabsahan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Yang Objeknya Sama Dengan Perjanjian Jual Beli Dengan Hak Membeli Kembali (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia No. 509 K/Pdt/2020), Sem Sanjaya
Indonesian Notary
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengikatan jual beli di hadapan notaris, yang mana objek jual belinya sama dengan objek jual beli dalam perjanjian jual beli dengan hak membeli kembali. Jual beli dengan hak membeli kembali diakui oleh hukum perdata barat sebagaimana diatur dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, namun eksistensinya tidak dikenal dalam hukum tanah nasional yang mengadopsi hukum adat. Dalam kaitannya dengan hukum positif, hak membeli kembali tidak diperkenankan apabila dimanfaatkan sebagai upaya kreditur untuk menguasai benda jaminan milik debitur. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tesis ini adalah bagaimana keabsahan perjanjian pengikatan jual beli sebagai suatu akta otentik apabila dalam persidangan …
Eksekusi Di Luar Pengadilan Objek Jaminan Fidusia Oleh Perusahaan Pembiayaan (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Gorontalo Nomor 60/Pdt.G/2019/Pn.Gto Dan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Sumber Nomor 25/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Sbr),
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Eksekusi Di Luar Pengadilan Objek Jaminan Fidusia Oleh Perusahaan Pembiayaan (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Gorontalo Nomor 60/Pdt.G/2019/Pn.Gto Dan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Sumber Nomor 25/Pdt.G/2020/Pn.Sbr), Mashita Nagieb Kuddah
Indonesian Notary
Jurnal ini membahas mengenai pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia yang dilakukan di luar pengadilan, lebih khusus setelah diputusnya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 yang diperkuat dengan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor Nomor 2/PUU-XIX/2021. Sebagaimana dikemukakan dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Gorontalo Nomor 60/PDT.G/2019/PN.GTO dan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Sumber Nomor 25/PDT.G/2020/PN.SBR. dimana Perusahaan Pembiayaan melaksanakan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia di luar pengadilan melalui parate eksekusi namun pihak lain tidak menghendaki hal tersebut. Permasalahan pada penelitian ini tentang pertimbangan hakim yang berbeda terhadap kedua putusan tersebut dengan rentang waktu pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan fidusia yang terbilang mirip dan terkait keabsahan pelaksanaan eksekusi objek jaminan …
Kekuatan Hukum Pembuktian Akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Tanah (Ppjb) Dalam Kasus Sengketa Perdata (Analisa Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor : 994/K/Pdt/2020 Jo Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Batam Nomor : 218/Pdt.G/2017/Pn Btm),
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Kekuatan Hukum Pembuktian Akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Tanah (Ppjb) Dalam Kasus Sengketa Perdata (Analisa Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor : 994/K/Pdt/2020 Jo Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Batam Nomor : 218/Pdt.G/2017/Pn Btm), Yuyun Sri Wahyuni
Indonesian Notary
The Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) is an prilimanary agreement arrranged by potential seller and buyer based on the agreement before the transaction, formed in the private deed or notarial deeed. The main problem of this study is about the strength and validity of the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) Deed as evidence of transfer of rights, power and validity linked to the Supreme Court decision Number: 994 / K / PDT / 2020 jo Batam District Court Decision Number: 218 / PDT.G / 2017 / PN BTM. The research result explains that the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB) Deed …
Perlindungan Terhadap Notaris Atas Kewajiban Pelaporan Kepemilikan Manfaat Berdasarkan Perpres 13 Tahun 2018,
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Perlindungan Terhadap Notaris Atas Kewajiban Pelaporan Kepemilikan Manfaat Berdasarkan Perpres 13 Tahun 2018, Fariz Rachman Widyanto
Indonesian Notary
This study discusses the protection of Notaries for reporting beneficial ownership. Beneficial ownership is regulated in Presidential Regulation 13 of 2018 (Perpres13/2018). With this Presidential Regulation, corporations are required to submit a statement regarding the truth of the information submitted to the authorized agency through AHU-Online. One of the parties who can convey information on the beneficial owner of the corporation is a Notary. Notaries in this case play an important role in disclosing beneficial ownership, in accordance with Presidential Regulation 13/2018 which regulates the obligation of corporations to convey information about beneficial owners to the authorized agency, which can …
Dampak Hukum Terhadap Akta Pemindahan Hak Dan Kuasa Serta Akta Jual Beli Yang Dilakukan Tanpa Sepengetahuan “Pemilik Objek” (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3090 K/Pdt/2016)”,
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Dampak Hukum Terhadap Akta Pemindahan Hak Dan Kuasa Serta Akta Jual Beli Yang Dilakukan Tanpa Sepengetahuan “Pemilik Objek” (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3090 K/Pdt/2016)”, Elfryda Prahandini
Indonesian Notary
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3090 K/Pdt/2016, yang mana terdapat gugatan terhadap Notaris/PPAT yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum dalam hal pembuatan Akta Pemindahan Hak dan Kuasa serta Akta Jual Beli tanpa sepengetahuan dari pemilik sah atas tanah tersebut, dalam proses pembuatan akta-akta tersebut Notaris/PPAT mencatut tanpa izin dan tanpa sepengetahuan Penggugat berupa data-data, identitas, dan pemalsuan tanda tangan. Penggugat juga tidak mengetahui, tidak pernah menghadap, tidak pernah menandatangani dan tidak pernah memberikan persetujuan atas pembuatan akta-akta tersebut. Adapun permasalahan yang akan diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai akibat hukum terhadap Akta Pemindahan Hak dan Kuasa serta Akta …
Pertanggungjawaban Notaris Terhadap Akta Yang Batal Demi Hukum (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Negeri Nomor : 09/Pdt.G/2016/Pn.Mam Juncto Putusan Nomor 1544/Pid.B/2019/Pn.Mks),
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Pertanggungjawaban Notaris Terhadap Akta Yang Batal Demi Hukum (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Negeri Nomor : 09/Pdt.G/2016/Pn.Mam Juncto Putusan Nomor 1544/Pid.B/2019/Pn.Mks), Vanya Putri Ratna Zackia
Indonesian Notary
This research discusses the responsibility of a Notary in carrying out the position, which if in the execution of the position there are things that might cause the deed void by the law. On actuate the position of a Notary, they have to be more careful in the deed work process to avoid the emergence of legal problems in the future, as happened in the case of the District Court Decree Number : 09/Pdt.G/2016/Pn.Mam Juncto Decree Number 1544/Pid.B/2019/Pn.Mks. This study aims to determine the juridical responsibility of a Notary for the existence of unlawful acts committed by clients who were …
Perbuatan Hukum Melawan Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Notaris Yang Berkedudukan Di Yogyakarta (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor : **/Pid.B/2015/Pn.Yyk Tanggal 1 Juni 2015),
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Perbuatan Hukum Melawan Pidana Yang Dilakukan Oleh Notaris Yang Berkedudukan Di Yogyakarta (Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor : **/Pid.B/2015/Pn.Yyk Tanggal 1 Juni 2015), Fauziah Indah Wardani
Indonesian Notary
Notary is an authorized Public Officer who is under supervision to carry out their position as a noble, integrous and professional notary. With regard to conducting criminal offense, a notary could be accounted for the deed that they make, based on what they see, what they witness and what they experience in a legal act. In this discussion, a notary often repeats a mistake, and upon their violation, a Notary is bound to be accounted for the mistake. Thus, the research is concerning with the responsibility of a notary who has made a violation that causes a loss to other …
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Penjual Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Hak Atas Tanah Akibat Penyalahgunaan Keadaan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 523 K/Pdt/2017),
2021
Universitas Indonesia
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Penjual Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Hak Atas Tanah Akibat Penyalahgunaan Keadaan (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 523 K/Pdt/2017), Olivia Ramadhani Dezytasari
Indonesian Notary
Buying and selling is an agreement, where before entering into an agreement the party making the agreement must fulfill the terms of the agreement, one of which is an agreement, if the agreement is not given freely then this causes the agreement to have a defect in the formation of the agreement or is called a defect of will. One of the reasons for canceling the agreement is the abuse of circumstances, where if the abuse of circumstances can be proven in the making of the agreement, the agreement can be requested for cancellation to the Court. The problems to …
