Comparative and Foreign Law Commons^™

Mcdougal-Lasswell Policy Science: Death And Transfiguration, Jack Van Doren, Christopher J. Roederer

Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business

No abstract provided.

The Training, Appointment, And Supervision Of Islamic Lawyers In Indonesia, Ratno Lukito

Washington International Law Journal

Lawyers who practice before Islamic courts play a crucial role in framing and presenting the issues for decision and in mediating between the courts that apply Islamic law and the public who have recourse to the state’s official Islamic legal institutions, but research on the professional training and governance of these lawyers is almost entirely lacking at present. This article offers a descriptive overview of the training, work, and professional regulation of Islamic lawyers in contemporary Indonesia. This material is presented in a clear format, structured to highlight key aspects of how these lawyers are trained, accredited, and organized. In …

The Training, Appointment, And Supervision Of Islamic Judges In Malaysia, Najibah M. Zin

Washington International Law Journal

Shari‛a court judges and the decisions they make clearly have an effect on the interpretation and application of Islamic law in contemporary Muslim societies, and the educational background of those who staff these courts obviously informs the way they understand, interpret, and apply the law. To date, however, little research has been done on the educational processes by which judges who serve on Islamic courts are trained to think about Islamic law. Likewise, the means by which Islamic court judges are appointed and regulated has received little scholarly attention. This article offers a descriptive overview of the training, work, and …

The Islamic Legal System In Singapore, Ahmad Nizam Bin Abbas

Washington International Law Journal

In a country that is staunchly secular, it would appear to be an anomaly that the Muslim minority are free to practice their personal law when it comes to marriage, divorce, and to a certain extent inheritance. This article seeks to provide a general overview of the introduction and applicability of Muslim law in Singapore, from the colonial administration of the British to the contemporary period. The article also examines the infrastructure developed for implementing the Muslim law in Singapore and explores conflicts in jurisdiction between the country’s Syariah Court and the civil courts. Written from the perspective of a …

The Training, Appointment, And Supervision Of Islamic Lawyers In Singapore, Nik Hasyila Bte Nik Ibrahim

Washington International Law Journal

This article provides a snapshot of the administration of Muslim law as practiced in Singapore through the prism of the legal profession. In particular, it provides a brief background on the role of the legal profession in the administration of justice at the Syariah Court of Singapore. While it is beyond the scope of this paper to urge for institutional and legal reform, the paper nonetheless highlights the absence of a dedicated and specialized training program that can aid lawyers to be familiar with Muslim law and jurisprudence and provide better representation to their clients at the Syariah Court.

Regulatory Litigation In The European Union: Does The U.S. Class Action Have A New Analogue?, S. I. Strong

Faculty Publications

This article is the first to consider the European resolution from a regulatory perspective, using a combination of new governance theory and equivalence functionalism to determine whether the European Union has adopted or is in the process of adopting a form of regulatory litigation. In so doing, the article considers a number of issues, including the basic definition of regulatory litigation, how class and collective relief can act as a regulatory mechanism and the special problems that arise when regulatory litigation is used in the transnational context. The article also includes a normative element, providing a number of suggestions on …

Constructing The Other: U.S. Muslims, Anti-Sharia Law, And The Constitutional Consequences Of Volatile Intercultural Rhetoric, Carlo A. Pedrioli

Faculty Scholarship

Recently, legislators have proposed, discussed, and passed various laws that aimed to limit the use of foreign law, international law, and Sharia (a branch of Islamic law) in state court systems. Because it became law, one proposed state constitutional amendment that rhetorically linked Sharia to foreign and international law is of particular note. In the 2010 midterm elections, Oklahoma passed State Question 755 (SQ 755), a constitutional amendment that aimed to place restrictions on the use of foreign law, international law, and Sharia in Oklahoma courts. Laws like Oklahoma’s State Question 755 are problematic for a variety of reasons. One …

The Wti Incinerator: The Rcra Citizen Suit And The Emergence Of Environmental Human Rights, Hallie L. Shipley

Global Business Law Review

The WTI Incinerator currently operates in East Liverpool, Ohio, burning toxic waste despite a district court ruling that held it posed an imminent and substantial risk to both human health and the environment. Unfortunately for the Ohio plaintiffs, the Circuit Court of Appeals in this case misinterpreted the RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) Citizen suit provision, barring any remedy for the Ohio citizens who brought the suit. This flawed interpretation has been adopted nationwide by other Appellate Circuit Courts. This article compares the remedies available to U.S. citizens for environmental harms with those remedies available to the citizens under …

Balancing Business Interests With Consumer Concerns: A Comparative Examination Of U.S. And E.U. Commercial Expression Doctrines , Scott Sivley

Global Business Law Review

Warning: This Note does not deal with a particularly new nor particularly interesting subject. If sellers of goods and information were this forthcoming when making claims about their products, this Note would not be necessary. Unfortunately, there is a colossal tug of war, as illustrated by the Occupy Movement in the fall of 2011 and as campaign financing during the 2012 American election cycle has and will continue showing us, emerging in the domestic and global marketplace over who should ultimately be responsible for protecting consumers from irresponsible or false commercial speech. Should we continue down the road of survival …

The Rule Of Law In Outer Space: The Effects Of Treaties And Nonbinding Agreements On International Space Law, Brian Wessel

UC Law SF International Law Review

Since the 1980s, states have increasingly relied on nonbinding agreements over binding treaties to govern activities in outer space. Although this trend has produced considerable debate among both scholars and practitioners, it appears likely to continue in the near future. Recently, commentators have begun using the concept of the rule of law to criticize this reliance on nonbinding space agreements, but these commentators rarely discuss what is meant by "the rule of law." This Article examines several theories of rule of law and applies those theories in evaluating recent criticisms of current and proposed nonbinding space agreements. Through the lens …

Licensing And Access Problems Producers Of Video Games Face In Foreign Markets: A Case Study, Jason Ross

UC Law SF International Law Review

Nearly a decade ago an American online video game called Everquest swept the world markets and generated enormous profits. Since then a genre of video games known as Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games has developed. Capitalizing on the genre's huge success, Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft (WoW) has catapulted gaming to new heights earning over USD $1 billion annually. While the game is sold globally, Chinese players account for nearly half of WoWs player base. Keeping this enormous market has, however, been challenging and for nearly two years Blizzard lost its market access in China.

Using Chinese WoW as …

Where Does The Dirham Stop In A Sukuk Default, Irina Marinescu

UC Law SF International Law Review

Socioeconomic unrest across Shari'ah (Islamic law) - abiding jurisdictions comes at a time of expanding Islamic financial markets. This Note focuses on one prominent financial instrument fueling growth in the Islamic finance landscape: sukuk. This Note explores legal uncertainties around sukuk default mechanisms and their implications for creditors and the world at large. In so doing, this Note argues that holders of sukuk, which are participatory certificates evidencing Shari'ah-compliant interests, stand to lose their capital depending on whether they have true recourse to the underlying assets. Part II frames the discussion by briefly introducing the reader to Islamic finance and …

Open Oceans And Marine Debris: Solutions For The Ineffective Enforcement Of Marpol Annex V, Andrew Rakestraw

UC Law SF International Law Review

Located midway between Hawaii and California, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a vast soup of plastic and other garbage from land- and ship-based sources. Plastics are the primary component of this mass and wreck havoc on marine animal populations and present a serious threat to human health.

Regulating this debris dumped from cargo ships at an international level presents numerous challenges. The immensity of the ocean and the lack of state jurisdiction beyond 200 miles off the coast make effective enforcement of plastics dumping regulations very challenging. The current regulatory system essentially leaves compliance with international standards up to …

Private Equity In Brazil: Industry Overview And Regulatory Environment, Shannon Guy

Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review

The overall goal of this note is to paint a picture of the current state of the private equity industry in Brazil and the existing regulations which must be obeyed to participate as a private equity investor. Part II of this note provides a brief history of the private equity industry in Brazil, discusses recent investor interest in the growing area, and introduces the main regulatory bodies in Brazil. Part III explains several specific rules that govern a private equity investment by breaking down the “life” of a private equity investment into four stages: (1) setting up the private equity …

Venture Capital Investments In China: The Use Of Offshore Financing Structures And Corporate Relocations, Jing Li

Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review

Based on an analysis of the relevant Chinese laws and regulations governing the corporate governance structure of venture capital (“VC”)-invested firms, as well as a discussion on the feasibility of employing different alternatives to make direct and indirect VC investments in Chinese portfolio firms, this article studies a hand-collected sample consisting of the twenty-nine VCbacked Chinese portfolio firms that have been financed and listed from 1990 to 2005 in order to empirically show how these investments were actually made in practice. The findings show that twenty-three out of the twentynine firms received their VC investments in various offshore holding entities, …

Prosecutors And Bargaining In Weak Cases: A Comparative View, Jenia I. Turner

Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters

One of the most controversial uses of prosecutorial discretion in plea bargaining concerns cases involving weak evidence of guilt. When a prosecutor bargains about the charges or even the facts in a case with weak evidence, at least three problems may arise. First, if the charge bargain is generous, it may coerce an innocent defendant to plead guilty. Second, such a bargain may let a guilty defendant off too easily, thus disserving the public and victim’s interests. Third, if the parties bargain about the facts, the result may distort the truth of the case.

In this book chapter, I examine …

The Problem Of Trans-National Libel, Lili Levi

Articles

Forum shopping in trans-national libel cases-"libel tourism"- - has a chilling effect on journalism, academic scholarship, and scientific criticism. The United States and Britain (the most popular venue for such cases) have recently attempted to address the issue legislatively. In 2010, the United States passed the SPEECH Act, which prohibits recognition and enforcement of libel judgments from jurisdictions applying law less speech-protective than the First Amendment. In Britain, consultation has closed and the Parliamentary Joint Committee has issued its report on a broad-ranging libel reform bill proposed by the Government in March 2011. This Article questions the extent to which …

¿Registrar Es Poseer? Un Vistazo Desde El Fundamento De La Posesión, Martín Mejorada Chauca, Fernando Loayza Jordán

Scholarly Articles

Este breve ensayo presenta de forma introductoria un postulado novedoso: entender al acto de registrar como un acto posesorio. Se inicia con una revisión del fundamento de la posesión, desde la perspectiva de su utilidad práctica como herramienta de publicidad, para luego enfocarse en cómo, desde este fundamento, se debe entender que el acto de registrar es un acto posesorio. Posteriormente, se profundiza en algunas características de esta clase de posesión en específico, como su extensión temporal. Finalmente, se termina enunciando algunas consecuencias prácticas indubitables, cuyo posterior estudio exige atención prioritaria.

This brief introductory essay presents a new postulate: to …

Law – Made In Germany: Global Standort Or Global Standard?, James Maxeiner

All Faculty Scholarship

Earlier this year the Federal Ministry of Justice released the second edition of the brochure, Law - Made in Germany. For those readers who do not know the brochure, it is the product of an umbrella group of German professional organizations known as the Bündnis für das deutsche Recht. A purpose of the Bündnis, as stated at its founding in 2008, and of the brochure, is to improve the position of German law in the ― "international competition of legal systems" (internationalen Wettbewerb der Rechtsordnungen). Catalyst for founding of the Bündnis and for publication of Law - Made in Germany …

Transplanting The European Court Of Justice: The Experience Of The Andean Tribunal Of Justice, Laurence R. Helfer, Karen J. Alter, Osvaldo Saldias

Faculty Scholarship

Although there is an extensive literature on domestic legal transplants, far less is known about the transplantation of supranational judicial bodies. The Andean Tribunal of Justice (ATJ) is one of eleven copies of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), and the third most active international court. This article considers the origins and evolution of the ATJ as a transplanted judicial institution. It first reviews the literatures on legal transplants, neofunctionalist theory, and the spread of European ideas and institutions, explaining how the intersection of these literatures informs the study of supranational judicial transplants. The article next explains why the Andean …