Banking and Finance Law Commons^™

Ico Vs. Ipo: Empirical Findings, Information Asymmetry, And The Appropriate Regulatory Framework, Moran Ofir, Ido Sadeh

Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law

Initial coin offerings (ICOs) are a new form of fundraising whereby blockchain-related ventures raise public capital in exchange for newly issued digital tokens. In recent years, ICOs have been a prominent focus of legal and economic studies, which analyze their characteristics and determinants of their success. In this Article, we systematically review these studies and identify key ICO success factors. We then offer theoretical explanations for our findings, and in certain cases, connect the empirical results with the IPO and crowdfunding literatures. The results of our analysis are important for two reasons. First, there is no single formal data source, …

How Mediation Between Schools And Students Will Help Students Combat Student Debt, Joshua A. Graber

Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution

By using mediation, schools can help students to no longer be crippled by their debt and instead reinvest in themselves and their future. Section II will supply a background of our country's education system, financial options for education and show how we reached this point in our student debt crisis. Section III will discuss whether colleges and educational institutions will become obsolete, whether there are sufficient programs to possibly make college tuition free, and explore whether other universities and schools will follow in some institutions footsteps and try to make their programs tuition free. Section IV will propose using mediation …

Capital, An Elusive Tax Object And Impediment To Sustainable Taxation, Henry Ordower

All Faculty Scholarship

Sustainable taxation requires stability and predictability. Sustainable taxation is a tax or taxes that collect sufficient revenue to support the governmental goods and services the society needs and wants. The taxes must provide for 1) even-handedness -- something akin to horizontal equity, 2) distributional fairness -- a concept emerging from notions of vertical equity, 3) transparency in application so that the populace understands and accepts the tax and the need for it and 4) collection mechanisms that do not favor some societal groups, especially those with resources to secure creative tax advisors, over others who lack the resources. Narrow base …

ปัญหาการตีความนิติบุคคลที่มีความสัมพันธ์กัน ตามมาตรา 71 ทวิ แห่งประมวลรัษฎากร, กัญจนภัคยฐ์ นวลมณี

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

No abstract provided.

แนวทางการพัฒนาการจัดเก็บภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรมขององค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่น : ศึกษากรณีสถานที่พักที่ไม่เป็นโรงแรม, พัทธมน บุญมี

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรม คือ รายได้ของรัฐที่เรียกเก็บจากการเข้าพักในโรงแรมหรือที่พักประเภทอื่น ๆ ของนักท่องเที่ยว ซึ่งไม่รวมถึงภาษีมูลค่าเพิ่ม โดยในประเทศไทยจัดเก็บรายได้ดังกล่าวในลักษณะของค่าธรรมเนียมบํารุงองค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดและค่าธรรมเนียมบํารุงกรุงเทพมหานครโดยกฎหมายให้อํานาจแก่องค์การบริหารส่วนจังหวัดและกรุงเทพมหานครซึ่งเป็นองค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นออกข้อบัญญัติท้องถิ่นเรียกเก็บภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรมจากผู้พักในโรงแรมตามกฎหมายว่าด้วยโรงแรมได้ซึ่งกฎหมายว่าด้วยโรงแรม ประเทศไทยมีเพียงฉบับเดียว คือ พระราชบัญญัติโรงแรม พ.ศ.2547 ดังนั้น เฉพาะการเข้าพักในสถานที่พักที่เป็นโรงแรมตามพระราชบัญญัติโรงแรม พ.ศ. 2547 เท่านั้น ที่จะต้องเสียภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรม ทําให้เกิดความไม่เสมอภาคและไม่ยุติธรรมแก่ผู้มีหน้าที่เสียภาษีเพราะผู้ที่เข้าพักในสถานที่พักที่ไม่เป็นโรงแรมตามพระราชบัญญัติโรงแรม พ.ศ. 2547 ย่อมไม่ต้องเสียภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรม เพราะฉะนั้น ควรมีการปรับปรุงกฎหมายเพื่อให้สามารถจัดเก็บภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรมจากการเข้าพักในสถานที่พักที่ไม่เป็นโรงแรมได้ โดยจากการศึกษาวิเคราะห์ผู้วิจัยเห็นว่าแนวทางการพัฒนาการจัดเก็บภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรมจากสถานที่พักที่ไม่เป็นโรงแรมขององค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นที่เหมาะสม คือ (1) ควรตรากฎหมายภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรมให้เป็นกฎหมายระดับพระราชบัญญัติเพื่อให้มีความชัดเจนและสอดคล้องกับหลักภาษีอากรที่ดีและ (2) ควรปฎิรูปกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวกับสถานที่พักแรม เพื่อส่งเสริมและควบคุมสถานที่พักแรมที่ยังไม่มีกฎหมายรองรับ ทั้งนี้การปรับปรุงกฎหมายดังกล่าว นอกจากจะทําให้การจัดเก็บภาษีการเข้าพักโรงแรมสอดคล้องกับหลักภาษีอากรที่ดีแล้ว ยังช่วยเสริมสร้างประสิทธิภาพและอํานวยรายได้ให้แก่องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นด้วย

No Pain, No Gain: Australia, Uk, And Us Stock Market Responses To The 2020 Stimulus Efforts, Jett Zeimantz

CMC Senior Theses

The stock market shocks of 2020 caused by the COVID-19 crisis have been met by monetary policy announcements rapidly issued by the central banks of developed economies, signaling a concerted effort to keep markets afloat. Utilizing an ordinary least squares regression, this paper tests whether the monetary policy announcements of the central banks of the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom served their intended purpose in soothing market reactions via high-frequency event data. For the overall stock market, I find that the Federal Reserve’s announcements boosted market returns of the S&P 500 Index by 4.2%, the All Ordinaries Index …

Money, Private Law, And Macroeconomic Disasters, Morgan Ricks

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Last year, Ben Bernanke published a blockbuster paper whose importance to the emerging field of law and macroeconomics would be hard to overstate. Titled The Real Effects of Disrupted Credit: Evidence from the Global Financial Crisis,' the paper gets to a vital threshold question for financial stability policy: through what channel or channels do financial crises crush the real economy? Bernanke pits what he calls the "household leverage" narrative of the Great Recession of 2007 to 2009 against what he calls the "financial fragility" narrative. His empirical analysis comes down firmly on the side of the latter narrative. In this …

Against Regulatory Stimulus, Erik F. Gerding

Publications

With political constraints on fiscal responses and monetary policy confronting the zero lower bound, policymakers may be tempted to turn to financial deregulation as a tool to stimulate economic growth in a recession, a strategy I label “regulatory stimulus.” This article creates a framework for answer two questions: first, whether and when regulatory stimulus is effective in promoting macroeconomic growth, particularly in a severe recession or liquidity trap; and second, if regulatory stimulus is effective, whether it is worth the potential trade-offs in terms of longer-term macroeconomic policy objectives.

Ultimately, I find grounds for skepticism that financial deregulation can effectively …

Public Purpose Finance: The Government's Role As Lender, Nadav Orian Peer

Publications

This Article explores the workings of Public Purpose Finance, and its role within the U.S. political economy. “Public Purpose Finance” (PPF) refers to the broad range of institutions through which the government extends credit to private borrowers in sectors like housing, education, agriculture and small business. At a total of $10 trillion, PPF roughly equals the entire U.S. corporate bond market, and is around one half of the U.S. Gross national debt (2018 figures). The Article begins by surveying and quantifying the scope of PPF. It then demonstrates that PPF enjoys a considerable degree of insulation from the federal budgetary …

Crowdfunding Issuers In The United States, Andrew A. Schwartz

Publications

Startup companies can now legally sell shares of stock, bonds, or other securities to the broad public using equity crowdfunding, a new type of online capital market modeled on Kickstarter and other reward crowdfunding websites. Through equity crowdfunding, entrepreneurs can go directly to the broad public (the “crowd”) for investment, without having to go through the usual (and costly) process of an initial public offering (IPO). Equity crowdfunding thus offers a chance for all entrepreneurs, regardless of their physical location, gender, or anything else, to solicit investors and raise capital.

In 2012, new federal legislation—the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) …

Remutualization, Erik F. Gerding

Publications

Policymakers need to rediscover the organizational form of business entity as a tool of financial regulation. Recent and classic scholarship has produced evidence that financial institutions organized as alternative entity forms – including investment bank partnerships and banks and insurance companies organized as mutual or cooperatives – tend to take less risk, exploit customers/consumer less, or commit less misconduct compared to counterparts organized as investor-owned corporations. This article builds off the work of Hill and Painter on investment banks organized as partnerships, Hansmann on the history and economics of banks and insurance companies organized as mutuals and cooperatives, and other …

Smart Contracts And The Limits Of Computerized Commerce, Eric D. Chason

Faculty Publications

Smart contracts and cryptocurrencies have sparked considerable interest among legal scholars in recent years, and a growing body of scholarship focuses on whether smart contracts and cryptocurrencies can sidestep law and regulation altogether. Bitcoin is famously decentralized, without any central actor controlling the system. Its users remain largely anonymous, using alphanumeric addresses instead of legal names. Ethereum shares these traits and also supports smart contracts that can automate the transfer of the Ethereum cryptocurrency (known as ether). Ethereum also supports specialized "tokens" that can be tied to the ownership of assets, goods, and services that exist completely outside of the …

The Very Brief History Of Decentralized Blockchain Governance, Michael Abramowicz

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

A new form of blockchain governance involving the use of formal games that incentivize participants to identify focal resolutions to normative questions is emerging. This symposium contribution provides a brief survey of the literature proposing and critiquing the use of such mechanisms of decentralized decision-making, and it evaluates early laboratory and real-world experiments with this approach.

Sandbox Boundaries, Hilary J. Allen

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

Around the world, subnational and national regulatory sandboxes are being adopted in an effort to promote fintech innovation. These regulatory sandboxes seek to do so by rolling back some of the consumer protection and prudential regulations that would otherwise apply to firms trialing their financial products and services in the sandbox. While sacrificing such protections in order to promote innovation is problematic, such sacrifice may nonetheless be justifiable if, by working with innovators in the sandbox, regulators are educated about new technologies in a way that enhances their ability to effectively promote consumer protection and financial stability in other contexts. …

Bankruptcy’S Role In The Covid-19 Crisis, Edward R. Morrison, Andrea C. Saavedra

Faculty Scholarship

Policymakers have minimized the role of bankruptcy law in mitigating the financial fallout from COVID-19. Scholars too are unsure about the merits of bankruptcy, especially Chapter 11, in resolving business distress. We argue that Chapter 11 complements current stimulus policies for large corporations, such as the airlines, and that Treasury should consider making it a precondition for receiving government-backed financing. Chapter 11 offers a flexible, speedy, and crisis-tested tool for preserving businesses, financing them with government funds (if necessary), and ensuring that the costs of distress are borne primarily by investors, not taxpayers. Chapter 11 saves businesses and employment, not …

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents

Banking The Unbanked Innovators, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Articles

Innovators are necessary for the engine of economic growth. Why do banks still find innovators, from startups to high growth companies, unattractive as potential customers for banking and lending products? Banks typically make business loans to established companies with positive cash flow and physical assets. Banks are eager to make loans in real estate transactions. Throughout modern time, banks persistently avoid banking innovators. Nationwide, only five outlier banks are defying conventional banking practices, and the leader among them is Silicon Valley Bank. Against all the odds, Silicon Valley Bank began as a local, community bank for innovators in 1982, and …

Lending Innovations, Xuan-Thao Nguyen

Articles

This article is the first to identify the disruption in tech lending by outlier commercial banks and to theorize the ways in which IP Venture Banking is fueling innovation both nationwide and globally. This disruptive model is a new beginning for both banks and startups on the path of borrowing and lending for innovation.

Part I identifies the four outlier banks-from among the six thousand total banks-that dare to venture into the innovation-intensive sectors for lending purposes and dominate the business model of lending for innovation. Based on extensive efforts to extract data from bank lending activities, Part I reveals …

Consumers’ Declining Power In The Fintech Auto Loan Market, Pamela Foohey

Scholarly Works

Automobiles have become part of America’s infrastructure. For most people, having access to a car is crucial to their livelihoods and they will take on significant amounts of debt to purchase vehicles. Auto debt is unlike any other consumer debt, both in its structure, which allows creditors to easily seize collateral, and in its lack of regulation. The unique and lucrative nature of auto debt has not gone unnoticed by lenders or by companies leveraging fintech to offer people new ways to purchase cars and car loans. This Article assesses the evolving marketplace for auto sales, leasing, and loans to …

การกําหนดความรับผิดอาญาในความผิดฐานช่วยเหลือการหนีภาษีอากร : ศึกษาเปรียบเทียบกฎหมายอาชญากรรมทางการเงินของสหราชอาณาจักร, นุชจรินทร์ จินดารัตน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

No abstract provided.