Banking and Finance Law Commons^™

Black Livelihoods Matter: Capitalist Myths Of Economic Efficiency In Racist Lending Policies (A Prologue And A Plea), Kim Vu-Dinh

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Debt And Taxes, David Hasen

UF Law Faculty Publications

The federal income tax conceptualizes the standard loan transaction as an exchange of cash for promises to pay interest and to repay the amount borrowed by the term. This formulation is subtly wrong in ways that have led to a weaker foundation for existing tax rules than they merit. Conceptualizing loans instead as closely akin to leases places most of the tax rules for debt on sounder footing because it clarifies that the consideration paid for the use of the loan proceeds is interest. If interest is the cost of the use of money, then simple borrowing is a fully-paid-for …

The Inchoate Meaning Of “Covered Security” Under The Securities Act Of 1933 – A Look At A Bank “In Organization”, Michael D. Waters

American University Business Law Review

No abstract provided.

Ai, Consumer Credit, And Discrimination: A Comparative Look At Canada And The United States, Stephanie Ben-Ishai, Mandy Bedford

Articles & Book Chapters

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Seattle University Law Review

Seattle University Law Review

Table of Contents and Special Thanks.

Approaching The Tipping Point For "Public-Private Offerings" : The Current Trajectory Of Rule 506(C), Allen C. Page

Journal of Business & Technology Law

No abstract provided.

Why Supervise Banks? The Foundations Of The American Monetary Settlement, Lev Menand

Faculty Scholarship

Administrative agencies are generally designed to operate at arm’s length, making rules and adjudicating cases. But the banking agencies are different: they are designed to supervise. They work cooperatively with banks and their remedial powers are so extensive they rarely use them. Oversight proceeds through informal, confidential dialogue.

Today, supervision is under threat: banks oppose it, the banking agencies restrict it, and scholars misconstrue it. Recently, the critique has turned legal. Supervision’s skeptics draw on a uniform, flattened view of administrative law to argue that supervision is inconsistent with norms of due process and transparency. These arguments erode the intellectual …

The Healthcare System And Pandemics: Where Is The Market Failure?, Sophia S. Helland, Edward R. Morrison

Faculty Scholarship

Barak D. Richman and Steven L. Schwarcz argue that healthcare providers played a central – and failing – role in stemming the fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. Analogizing to the financial crisis of 2008, they view our healthcare system as a collection of providers, each maximizing returns to its own stakeholders in a laissez-faire regulatory environment that ignored the essential interconnectedness of providers. Because neither hospitals nor regulators were attuned to this interconnectedness, our healthcare system was unprepared for the pandemic, resulting in a reduced standard of care. Just as Dodd-Frank and related legislation view financial institutions as part of …

Law, Growth, And The Identity Hurdle: A Theory Of Legal Reform, Martin W. Sybblis

Faculty Articles

This Article offers a new theoretical approach to understanding resistance to legal change in the corporate and commercial context by introducing the sociological concept of "community economic identity" (CEI) into legal scholarship. I argue that community leaders (typically, but not exclusively, from the political, legal, and business spheres) generate public and recognizable identities-e.g., "Coal Country" or "Motor City"-with respect to some commercial activities. These identities influence how law reform is conceived and deployed within jurisdictional boundaries (i.e., country, state, town, region, etc.). CEI complicates the prevailing public choice narrative regarding the influence of special interests in the law reform process. …

Regulatory Competition And State Capacity, Martin W. Sybblis

Faculty Articles

This Article explores an underlying tension in the regulatory competition literature regarding why some jurisdictions are more attractive to firms than others. It pays special attention to offshore financial centers (OFCs). OFCs court the business of nonresidents, offer business friendly regulatory environments, and provide for minimal, if any, taxation on their customers. On the one extreme, OFCs are theorized as merely products of legislative capture— thereby lacking any meaningful agency of their own. On the other hand, OFCs are conceptualized as well-governed jurisdictions that attract investment because of the high quality of their laws and legal institutions—indicating some ability to …

The E-Banknote As A 'Banknote' : A Monetary Law Interpreted, Benjamin Geva, Seraina Neva Grünewald, Corinne Zellweger-Gutknecht

Articles & Book Chapters

The article discusses whether an electronic banknote is a ‘banknote’. The issue is dealt with as a matter of general statutory interpretation in the context of evolving technologies and institutional arrangements. The article proposes a clear terminology to address concepts underlying digital currencies and access to central bank money and argues that a banknote may be ‘written’ electronically. The article is critical of both account-based Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) and cryptocurrencies and highlights features of nonblockchain token-based alternatives. It sheds light on considerations affecting the selection of a design which is appropriate from both a functional and legal perspective …

Title Iv: Rights And Obligations In Relation To The Provision And Use Of Payment Services (Chapter 3, Arts 78-93): Execution Of Payment Transactions, Benjamin Geva

Articles & Book Chapters

PSD2 Title IV Chapter 3, consisting of arts 78 – 93, addresses rights and obligations between the payment service user and the payment service provider in connection with the execution of payment transactions. It innovates in providing for the liability of a payment initiation service, a newly defined payment service provider.

Section 1 deals with receipt, refusal and irrevocability payment orders as well as with amounts transferred. By references to all currencies, Section 2 covers execution time and value date. Addressing liability, Section 3, contains rules allocating responsibility in cases of non-execution or defective execution.

Discussion in this book chapter …

Title I: Subject Matter, Scope And Definitions (Art. 1 - Art. 4): The Regulated Field (Object And Subject), Benjamin Geva

Articles & Book Chapters

The PSD2 regulates ‘payment services’ provided within the European Union by ‘payment service providers’ (PSPs). PSPs are identified in art 1(1). ‘Payment services’ are set out in Annex I, to which art 4(3) directs.

Title I, consisting of arts 1 to 4, provides for the subject matter, scope and definitions of the PSD2. In addition to identifying the payment institutions to which the PSD2 applies, art 1 states that the Directive establishes PSPs’ disclosure and contractual framework requirements. Art 2 both provides for and finetunes coverage by addressing currencies and exemptions. Art 3 provides for exclusions. Art 4 sets out …

สภาพปัญหาการประกอบธุรกิจของบริษัทข้ามชาติที่ได้รับสิทธิประโยชน์ทางภาษีตามพระราชบัญญัติส่งเสริมการลงทุนกับผู้ที่ไม่ได้รับสิทธิประโยชน์ทางภาษี, พีรดา บูรณะบัญญัติ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

เพื่อพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของประเทศไทยจึงได้มีนโยบายต่างๆเพื่อดึงดูดและส่งเสริมการลงทุนในประเทศ ทั้งนี้ได้มีสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการลงทุนในการออกมาตรการส่งเสริมการลงทุนทางภาษีให้กับกิจการที่เข้ามาลงทุน วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาถึงปัญหาของการกำหนดรูปแบบมาตรการทางภาษีที่ให้กับกิจการประเภทที่ต้องการเข้ามาลงทุนในระยะยาว ใช้เทคโนโลยีขั้นสูงโดยเฉพาะเทคโนโลยีในยุคอุตสาหกรรม 4.0 ที่มีมูลค่าสูงอย่างแท้จริง อีกทั้งแนวทางการแก้ไข รวมถึงศึกษารูปแบบของมาตรการทางภาษีของต่างประเทศได้แก่ ประเทศเบลเยี่ยม ประเทศไอร์แลนด์และประเทศฟิลิปปินส์เพื่อนำมาเปรียบเทียบและวิเคราะห์หาแนวทางแก้ปัญหาที่เป็นประโยชน์ต่อประเทศไทยสูงสุด ทั้งนี้ ผู้วิจัยพบปัญหาจากการให้สิทธิและประโยชน์ทางภาษีในประเทศไทยที่มุ่งเน้นการออกแบบมาตรการทางภาษีคือการยกเว้นภาษีเงินได้นิติบุคคล หรือ Tax holiday ของสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการลงทุนมีความไม่เหมาะสม และไม่เกิดประโยชน์และตอบโจทย์ต่อกิจการที่เข้ามาลงทุนในระยะยาว ใช้เงินลงทุนสูงและเทคโนโลยีขั้นสูง ทำให้เป็นการออกแบบมาตรการทางภาษีที่ดึงดูดนักลงทุนระยะสั้น กิจการประเภทการผลิตเพื่อส่งออกและไม่ส่งเสริมให้เกิดการลงทุนอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพเพื่อให้เกิดการพัฒนาเทคโนโลยีใหม่ๆในประเทศไทย รวมถึงเทคโนโลยีในยุคอุตสาหกรรม 4.0 ทำให้ความสามารถในการแข่งขันของประเทศไทยลดลง ซึ่งในปัจจุบันประเทศพัฒนาแล้วส่วนใหญ่ไม่ได้ใช้และเริ่มยกเลิกมาตรการดังกล่าวแล้ว จากปัญหาที่พบผู้วิจัยจึงได้วิเคราะห์เปรียบเทียบกับมาตรการทางภาษีของต่างประเทศที่ใช้มาตรการทางภาษีซึ่งมีความแตกต่างกันว่าสามารถดึงดูดการลงทุนโดยตรงจากต่างประเทศได้อย่างไร จึงมีข้อเสนอแนะและแนวทางแก้ไขโดยปรับปรุงมาตรการทางภาษีของประมวลรัษฎากรและเพิ่มเติมมาตรการที่เป็นประโยชน์มาปรับใช้เพื่อให้เกิดประสิทธิภาพสูงสุดในการส่งเสริมและดึงดูดกิจการที่ต้องการเข้ามาลงทุนอย่างแท้จริง

The Time Has Come For Disaggregated Sovereign Bankruptcy, Odette Lienau

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

The ongoing economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has generated important proposals for addressing countries’ financial distress in the short to medium term. However, it has also made even more apparent the existing gaps in the global financial architecture writ large and highlighted the extent to which key actors pay closest attention to this infrastructure in situations of crisis. By then, of course, it is already too late.

This essay argues that the international community should use the energy generated in the current context to move toward ‘disaggregated sovereign bankruptcy’—which can be understood as a framework by which multiple …

Shareholder Primacy And The Moral Obligations Of Directors, Mark J. Loewenstein, Jay Geyer

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

One of the most written-about and important topics in corporate law is the fiduciary obligations of corporate directors. Increasingly, critics of American capitalism have urged that corporations, and implicitly, corporate directors, act in a more socially responsible fashion and thus eschew the notion that shareholder primacy is the exclusive guide to a director’s fiduciary duty. Under this view, directors must consider the effect of their actions on “stakeholders” other than shareholders and be guided by morality—doing the right thing—when making business judgments.

When directors move away from shareholder primacy, however, decision-making becomes more difficult and problematic. This article analyzes the …

Bending The Investment Advisers Act's Regulatory Arc, Joseph A. Franco

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (“IAA”) and its regulatory purview have changed dramatically over the life of the statute. The statute began as a simple registration scheme with barebones conduct integrity prohibitions for wealth managers and purveyors of investment newsletters. Although the statute’s original minimalist cast was deficient, the IAA’s regulatory scope has undergone a fundamental transformation, both in terms of the expanding class of advisers covered by the statute’s substantive provisions and the statute’s expansive structural integrity requirements. Over a span of decades, the IAA’s focus has been reoriented so that it is directed at least as much, …

The Insider Trading Prohibition Act: A Small Step Towards A Codified Insider Trading Law, Kayla Quigley

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

Many have called for reform to insider trading law, as the current judge-made doctrine is ambiguous, complicated, and ultimately permissive of many instances of trading on nonpublic information. Indeed, Congress has attempted several times to pass a uniform insider trading statute. Most recently, in December 2019, the House of Representatives passed the Insider Trading Prohibition Act (“ITPA”). The legislation codifies many current principles of insider trading jurisprudence while also expanding potential insider trading liability. Moreover, it attempts to fix gaps in the law that various cases, such as United States v. Newman, have declined to address.

Among other flaws, …

Emerging Circuit Split Over Modification Of Mortgages On Multi-Use Real Properties, Michal Zabadal

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

For many decades, healthy levels of residential mortgage loans (“RMLs”) and their regulation have been among the major drivers of the economy. Because of the importance of RMLs for the condition of the national financial system and the general well-being of the society, it is essential that lenders are reasonably incentivized to originate these loans. A well-designed promise of higher recovery on RMLs in times of distress can be a compelling motivator. The Bankruptcy Code seeks to deliver on that promise by treating RMLs more favorably. It does that by barring the debtor-in-bankruptcy from modifying a claim secured by a …

The Virus, Risk, And Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities: Examining Dodd-Frank’S Impact In The Midst Of A Pandemic, Owen Haney

Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law

When lawmakers sought to reshape the financial industry through the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act in 2010, they specifically attacked the “moral hazard” in the asset-backed securities market that they believed was partly responsible for the collapse of global financial markets. Congress identified several practices in asset-backed securitizations that posed a risk to the world economy. In particular, regulators believed that the “originate-to-distribute” model, whereby loan originators—those parties armed with the best knowledge regarding the quality of the loans in the transaction and who consequently set underwriting standards—could sell off the loans without bearing any risk should those borrowers (homeowners …