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Articles 31231 - 31260 of 35678
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Infrared Emission And Dynamics Of Outlfows In Late-Type Stars, Željko Ivezić, Moshe Elitzur
Infrared Emission And Dynamics Of Outlfows In Late-Type Stars, Željko Ivezić, Moshe Elitzur
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
The dynamical structure and infrared emission of winds around late-type stars are studied in a self-consistent model that couples the equations of motion and radiative transfer. Thanks to its scaling properties, both the dynamics and IR spectrum of the solution are fully characterized by τF, the flux-averaged optical depth of the wind. Five types of dust grains are considered: astronomical silicate, crystalline olivine, graphite, amorphous carbon and SiC, as well as mixtures. Analysis of infrared signatures provides constraints on the grain chemical composition and indications for the simultaneous existence of silicate and carbon grains. The abundances of crystalline …
Cosmological Histories For The New Variables Of Ashtekar, Seth Major, L. Smolin
Cosmological Histories For The New Variables Of Ashtekar, Seth Major, L. Smolin
Articles
Histories and measures for quantum cosmology are investigated through a quantization of the Bianchi type IX cosmology using path integral techniques. The result, derived in the context of Ashtekar variables, is compared with earlier work.
Spin-Polarized Photoemission Studies Of The Exchange Splitting Of The Gd 5d Electrons Near The Curie Temperature, Dongqi Li, J. Pearson, S.D. Bader, D.N. Mcilroy, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben
Spin-Polarized Photoemission Studies Of The Exchange Splitting Of The Gd 5d Electrons Near The Curie Temperature, Dongqi Li, J. Pearson, S.D. Bader, D.N. Mcilroy, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben
Peter Dowben Publications
Spin-polarized photoemission was employed to investigate the temperature dependence of the exchange splitting of Gd(0001) for both the surface state near the Fermi level EF and the 5d bulk bands. The bulk bands at 1–2 eV below E F show Stoner-like behavior where two peaks with opposite spin polarization shift toward each other as the temperature increases. In contrast, the temperature dependence of the surface state indicates spin-mixing behavior due to fluctuating local moments. These differences are attributed to the degree of itinerancy of the 5d electrons in the two cases.
Magnetic Force Microscopy Of The Submicron Magnetic Assembly In A Magnetotactic Bacterium, R. B. Proksch, T. E. Schäffer, B. M. Moskowitz, E. D. Dahlberg, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Richard B. Frankel
Magnetic Force Microscopy Of The Submicron Magnetic Assembly In A Magnetotactic Bacterium, R. B. Proksch, T. E. Schäffer, B. M. Moskowitz, E. D. Dahlberg, Dennis A. Bazylinski, Richard B. Frankel
Physics
A magnetic force microscope (MFM) was used to image topography and magnetic forces from a chain of submicron single magnetic domain particles produced by and contained in isolated magnetotactic bacteria. The noncontact magnetic force microscope data were used to determine a value for the magnetic moment of an individual bacterial cell, of order 10−13 emu, consistent with the average magnetic moment of bacteria from the same sample, obtained by superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. The results represent the most sensitive quantification of a magnetic force microscope image to date.
Bandwidth And Additive Bandwidth Of Graphs, Maria Kujawski
Bandwidth And Additive Bandwidth Of Graphs, Maria Kujawski
Honors Capstone Projects and Theses
No abstract provided.
On The Mechanism Of Giant Electromotility In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Kimberly Ann Branshaw '95
On The Mechanism Of Giant Electromotility In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Kimberly Ann Branshaw '95
Honors Projects
Electromotility, i.e. bending in response to an electric field, of polyelectrolyte gels in ionic solutions has recently been investigated at a few leading academic and industrial labs as a potential chemomechanical engine. We have discovered that the underlying physics in these systems is more complex than previously believed. We have found that the bending, which seems to obey a {t power law, is inconsistent with the simple idea of a bending speed, but is consistent with a diffusion mechanism. Evidence of diffusion was independently provided by experiments on gels grown or bent in the presence of dyes. We have explored …
Novel Swelling Structures And Electromotility Response In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Dana Deardorff
Novel Swelling Structures And Electromotility Response In Polyelectrolyte Gels, Dana Deardorff
Honors Projects
Electromotility, the bending in response to an electric field, of polyelectrolyte gels in ionic solutions has been identified as a candidate for a potential chemomechanical engines such as muscles. We discovered that the underlying physics of these systems is more complex than previously believed. We found that the bending as a function of time obeys a square root power law. This points strongly towards a diffusion mechanism for the bending. Kinetic evidence for diffusion was independently corroborated by experiments on gels grown or bent in the presence of dyes. We explored the effects of varying poly-ion concentration in the backbone …
The Evolution Of Density-Driven Circulation Over Sloping Bottom Topography, G. H. Wheless, J. M. Klinck
The Evolution Of Density-Driven Circulation Over Sloping Bottom Topography, G. H. Wheless, J. M. Klinck
CCPO Publications
The short timescale temporal evolution of buoyancy-driven coastal flow over sloping bottom topography is examined using a two-dimensional, vertically averaged numerical model. Winter shelf circulation driven by a coastal ''point source'' buoyancy flux is modeled by initiating a coastal outflow with density anomaly epsilon into well-mixed shelf water. The nonlinear interaction between the time-varying velocity and density field is represented by an advection-diffusion equation. Three cases are discussed: that of a buoyant (epsilon < 0) outflow, a neutral (epsilon = 0) outflow, and a dense (epsilon > 0) outflow. Results are similar to observations from well-mixed shelf areas and show that density-topography interactions are capable of substantially influencing coastal circulation. A negative (buoyant) coastal …
Disorder And Noncollinear Magnetism In Permanent-Magnet Materials With The Thmn12 Structure, R. Lorenz, J. Hafner, Sitaram Jaswal, David J. Sellmyer
Disorder And Noncollinear Magnetism In Permanent-Magnet Materials With The Thmn12 Structure, R. Lorenz, J. Hafner, Sitaram Jaswal, David J. Sellmyer
David Sellmyer Publications
We report calculations of the noncollinear magnetic structures of YFe12-xMox permanent-magnet materials, using a novel variant of a spin-polarized tight-binding–linear-muffin-tin-orbital technique allowing for local spin-quantization axes on each site and considering spin-orbit coupling. The ternary YFe12-xMox compounds crystallize in the tetragonal ThMn12 structure which can be stabilized only by the partial substitution of Fe by an early transition metal like Mo. We show that the substitutional disorder leads to canted spin structures at low Mo content ( x~1) and to spin-glass-like behavior at higher Mo content (x~3).
Electron Scattering From 10b, A Cichocki, J Dubach, R S. Hicks, Gerald Alvin Peterson
Electron Scattering From 10b, A Cichocki, J Dubach, R S. Hicks, Gerald Alvin Peterson
Gerald Alvin Peterson
Electron scattering measurements have been made in order to determine the longitudinal and transverse form factors of low-lying level in 10B. With the exception of the broad 5.18 MeV level, results were obtained for all known levels up to 6.7 MeV. The measurements span the momentum transfer range q=0.48–2.58 fm-1. The primary objective of this work was to improve the data on the pure isovector M3 form factor of the 1.740 MeV excitation, the transform of which yields the 1p3/2 single-nucleon wave function. A Woods-Saxon potential was found to provide a much better representation of the data than the harmonic …
Electrical Field Enhanced Thermal Quenching Of A Prominent Thermally Stimulated Current Peak In Semi-Insulating Gaas, Z-Q. Fang, David C. Look
Electrical Field Enhanced Thermal Quenching Of A Prominent Thermally Stimulated Current Peak In Semi-Insulating Gaas, Z-Q. Fang, David C. Look
Physics Faculty Publications
Detailed experimental results are presented for a ‘‘thermal quenching’’ of thermal stimulated current signals in the most prominent trap in undoped semi‐insulating (SI) GaAs, T5 with an activation energy of 0.27–0.31 eV. A possible model for the thermal quenching of T5 is discussed, emphasizing the thermally stimulated nature of the quenching process, the effect of electric field and the formation of high‐field domains. The thermal quenching of T5 can frequency be observed in SI GaAs grown by the vertical gradient freeze (VGF) technique, or by the liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) technique under certain conditions.
Distortion And Evolution Of A Localized Vortex In An Irrotational Flow, Joseph F. Lingevitch, Andrew J. Bernoff
Distortion And Evolution Of A Localized Vortex In An Irrotational Flow, Joseph F. Lingevitch, Andrew J. Bernoff
All HMC Faculty Publications and Research
This paper examines the interaction of an axisymmetric vortex monopole, such as a Lamb vortex, with a background irrotational flow. At leading order, the monopole is advected with the background flow velocity at the center of vorticity. However, inhomogeneities of the flow will cause the monopole to distort. It is shown that a shear‐diffusion mechanism, familiar from the study of mixing of passive scalars, plays an important role in the evolution of the vorticity distribution. Through this mechanism, nonaxisymmetric vorticity perturbations which do not shift the center of vorticity are homogenized along streamlines on a Re1/3 time scale, much faster …
Resonant Photoemission Studies Of The Thickness Dependence Of The Unoccupied Gd 5D Bands, Peter A. Dowben, Dongqi Li, Jiandi Zhang, M. Onellion
Resonant Photoemission Studies Of The Thickness Dependence Of The Unoccupied Gd 5D Bands, Peter A. Dowben, Dongqi Li, Jiandi Zhang, M. Onellion
Peter Dowben Publications
Ultrathin Gd films have been studied with constant initial-state spectroscopy (CIS) of photoemission utilizing linearly polarized light of synchrotron radiation. The photoemission cross section of the 5d surface state near EF shows strong photon energy dependence, i.e., sharp peaks in CIS spectra near the Gd 5p1/2 absorption edge. These peaks originate from resonant photoemission processes involving the occupied 5p and unoccupied 5d levels of the surface atoms. The symmetry of the unoccupied states were determined experimentally by changing the polarization of light, where pp-polarized light excites only to the unoccupied dz2 …
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study Of Intermediates In The Dissociative Adsorption Of Closo-1,2-Dicarbadodecaborane On Si(111), J.M. Carpinelli, E. Ward Plummer, Dongjin Byun, Peter A. Dowben
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study Of Intermediates In The Dissociative Adsorption Of Closo-1,2-Dicarbadodecaborane On Si(111), J.M. Carpinelli, E. Ward Plummer, Dongjin Byun, Peter A. Dowben
Peter Dowben Publications
Closo-1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (C2B10H12) is a source compound found to be suitable for the deposition of a high resistivity form of boron-carbide (B5C), and the fabrication of boron-rich semiconductor devices. A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to image these molecular icosahedra on Si(111)-(7x7). Molecular decomposition (tip induced and otherwise! produced a boron-carbide/silicon interface with pronounced heterojunction electronic characteristics. In STM, this interface is characterized by a disordering of the Si(111)-(7x7) reconstruction. We suggest, based on Auger electron spectroscopy data and low-energy electron diffraction observations, that boron atoms from the dissociated source molecules …
Resonant Photoemission Studies Of The Thickness Dependence Of The Unoccupied Gd 5D Bands, Peter A. Dowben, Dongqi Li, Jiandi Zhang, M. Onellion
Resonant Photoemission Studies Of The Thickness Dependence Of The Unoccupied Gd 5D Bands, Peter A. Dowben, Dongqi Li, Jiandi Zhang, M. Onellion
Peter Dowben Publications
Ultrathin Gd films have been studied with constant initial-state spectroscopy (CIS) of photoemission utilizing linearly polarized light of synchrotron radiation. The photoemission cross section of the 5d surface state near EF shows strong photon energy dependence, i.e., sharp peaks in CIS spectra near the Gd 5p1/2 absorption edge. These peaks originate from resonant photoemission processes involving the occupied 5p and unoccupied 5d levels of the surface atoms. The symmetry of the unoccupied states were determined experimentally by changing the polarization of light, where p-polarized light excites only to the unoccupied dz2 …
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study Of Intermediates In The Dissociative Adsorption Of Closo-1,2-Dicarbadodecaborane On Si(111), J.M. Carpinelli, E.W. Plummer, Dongjin Byun, Peter A. Dowben
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study Of Intermediates In The Dissociative Adsorption Of Closo-1,2-Dicarbadodecaborane On Si(111), J.M. Carpinelli, E.W. Plummer, Dongjin Byun, Peter A. Dowben
Peter Dowben Publications
Closo-1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (C2B10H12) is a source compound found to be suitable for the deposition of a high resistivity form of boron-carbide (B5C), and the fabrication of boron-rich semiconductor devices. A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to image these molecular icosahedra on Si(111)-(7 x 7). Molecular decomposition (tip induced and otherwise) produced a boron-carbide/silicon interface with pronounced heterojunction electronic characteristics. In STM, this interface is characterized by a disordering of the Si(111)-(7 x 7) reconstruction. We suggest, based on Auger electron spectroscopy data and low-energy electron diffraction observations, that boron atoms from the …
The Paramagnetic Correlation Length Of Mn Thin Films, D.N. Mcilroy, Peter A. Dowben
The Paramagnetic Correlation Length Of Mn Thin Films, D.N. Mcilroy, Peter A. Dowben
Peter Dowben Publications
We have utilized Ginzberg-Landau mean field theory to analyze the branching ratio and soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements of the L3 and L2 adsorption edges of thin Mn overlayers on ferromagnetic fcc Co(001) at room temperature. We have determined a short range magnetic correlation of 4.25Å and that the long range magnetic order has a decay length of 1.29Å. These results indicate that the first monolayer of Mn ferromagnetically couple with the Co substrate. The paramagnetic Mn layer exhibits short range magnetic order, but lacks long range magnetic order. Due to the exponential decrease of both the …
Visible Luminescence From Single Crystal‐Silicon Quantum Wells, Peter N. Saeta, A. C. Gallagher
Visible Luminescence From Single Crystal‐Silicon Quantum Wells, Peter N. Saeta, A. C. Gallagher
All HMC Faculty Publications and Research
Single crystal‐silicon quantum wells with SiO2 barriers have been grown from SIMOX silicon‐on‐insulator substrates. Photoluminescence in the red and near‐infrared is observed for average well width <8 >nm, with peak signal for 2‐nm average width. The luminescence spectrum is independent of well width for SiO2 barriers, but shifts 0.3 eV to higher energy upon removal of the upper oxide layer with HF. Both results suggest the importance of radiation from surface states.
Evidence Of Dilution-Induced Griffiths Instabilities In K2Cu1-XZnXF4 And Fe1-XZnXF2, Christian Binek, Wolfgang Kleeman
Evidence Of Dilution-Induced Griffiths Instabilities In K2Cu1-XZnXF4 And Fe1-XZnXF2, Christian Binek, Wolfgang Kleeman
Christian Binek Publications
Weak quasistatic singularities are evidenced within the Griffiths regime of temperatures Tc(x)≤T≤Tc(x=0) in the diluted antiferromagnet Fe1-xZnxF2, x=0.53, and in the diluted ferromagnet K2Cu1-xZnxF4, x=0.2, by measurements of the magnetic susceptibility, χ’ vs T, in zero external field. Significant deviations from classical (γ=1, for Fe0.47Zn0.53F2) and nonclassical (γ≳1, for K2Cu0.8Zn0.2F4) Curie-Weiss-type behavior, χ’∝[T-Tc(x)] -Y, are found just below Tc(x=0) by using linear-regression data …
Interpretation Of Extinction In Gaussian-Beam Scattering, James A. Lock
Interpretation Of Extinction In Gaussian-Beam Scattering, James A. Lock
Physics Faculty Publications
The extinction efficiency for the interaction of a plane wave with a large nonabsorbing spherical particle is approximately 2.0. When a Gaussian beam of half-width w(0) is incident upon a spherical particle of radius a with w(o)/a < 1, the extinction efficiency attains unexpectedly high or low values, contrary to intuitive expectations. The reason for this is associated with the so-called compensating term in the scattered field, which cancels the field of the Gaussian beam behind the particle, thereby producing the particle's shadow. I introduce a decomposition of the total exterior field into incoming and outgoing portions that are free of compensating terms. It is then shown that a suitably defined interaction efficiency has the intuitively expected asymptotic values of 2.0 for w(o)/a >> 1 and 1.0 for w(o)/a << 1.
Observation Of Postcollision Effects In The Scattered Projectile Spectra For Ionizing Proton-Helium Collisions, Tibor Vajnai, A. D. Gaus, Joachim A. Brand, W. T. Htwe, Don H. Madison, Ronald E. Olson, Jerry Peacher, Michael Schulz
Observation Of Postcollision Effects In The Scattered Projectile Spectra For Ionizing Proton-Helium Collisions, Tibor Vajnai, A. D. Gaus, Joachim A. Brand, W. T. Htwe, Don H. Madison, Ronald E. Olson, Jerry Peacher, Michael Schulz
Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works
We have measured and calculated doubly differential single ionization cross sections as a function of the scattering angle and the projectile energy loss for 50 to 150 keV proton-helium collisions. These cross sections show unexpected structures as a function of both the energy loss and the scattering angle, which are interpreted as due to the postcollision interaction. Although the effects of postcollision interactions have previously been observed in electron spectra, this is the first observation of such effects for the scattered protons.
Fourier Series And Optical Transform Techniques In Contemporary Optics: An Introduction, Raymond Wilson, Sean Mccreary
Fourier Series And Optical Transform Techniques In Contemporary Optics: An Introduction, Raymond Wilson, Sean Mccreary
Raymond Wilson
Partial-Wave Representations Of Laser Beams For Use In Light-Scattering Calculations, Gérard Gouesbet, James A. Lock, Gérard Gréhan
Partial-Wave Representations Of Laser Beams For Use In Light-Scattering Calculations, Gérard Gouesbet, James A. Lock, Gérard Gréhan
Physics Faculty Publications
In the framework of generalized Lorenz-Mie theory, laser beams are described by sets of beam-shape coefficients. The modified localized approximation to evaluate these coefficients for a focused Gaussian beam is presented. A new description of Gaussian beams, called standard beams, is introduced. A comparison is made between the values of the beam-shape coefficients in the framework of the localized approximation and the beam-shape coefficients of standard beams. This comparison leads to new insights concerning the electromagnetic description of laser beams. The relevance of our discussion is enhanced by a demonstration that the localized approximation provides a very satisfactory description of …
Van Hove Singularity Induced L11 Ordering In Cupt, J. F. Clark, F. J. Pinski, Duane D. Johnson, P. A. Sterne, J. B. Staunton, B. Ginatempo
Van Hove Singularity Induced L11 Ordering In Cupt, J. F. Clark, F. J. Pinski, Duane D. Johnson, P. A. Sterne, J. B. Staunton, B. Ginatempo
Duane D. Johnson
We describe an ordering mechanism that arises due to coupling between electronic states at van Hove singularities. This novel mechanism, which naturally leads to ordered structures with small unit cells, couples states near the Fermi energy which are localized at high-symmetry points in k space, in contrast to the conventional mechanism which relies on large parallel sheets of Fermi surface. Using first-principles calculations of the electronic structure of ordered and disordered alloys, we show that this mechanism drives the unusual short- and long-range order found in fcc CuPt.
Microstructure Of The Cr Underlayer And Its Effect On Sm-Co//Cr Thin Films, Yi Liu, B. W. Robertson, Z.S. Shan, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer
Microstructure Of The Cr Underlayer And Its Effect On Sm-Co//Cr Thin Films, Yi Liu, B. W. Robertson, Z.S. Shan, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer
Sy-Hwang Liou Publications
Sm-Co film is a potential candidate for the future high density recording media of 10 Gb/in2 which requires bit sizes of the order of 300 nm and grain sizes of about 10 nm. This article investigates the microstructure of the Cr underlayer in Sm-Co thin films and its effect on Sm-Co thin films prepared by the dc magnetron sputtering technique. The grain size of the Cr underlayer is found to be about 25 nm. Grains with small angle misorientation usually form local agglomerates. Studies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) bright field images at different defocus settings and by high …
Conduction-Electron Screening In The Bulk And At Low-Index Surfaces Of Ta Metal, D. Mark Riffe, W. Hale, B. Kim, J. L. Erskine
Conduction-Electron Screening In The Bulk And At Low-Index Surfaces Of Ta Metal, D. Mark Riffe, W. Hale, B. Kim, J. L. Erskine
All Physics Faculty Publications
High-resolution core-level photoemission spectra from Ta(100) have been measured. The well-resolved peak from the first atomic layer allows a separate assessment of bulk and surface-layer screening responses: singularity indices αB=0.10±0.01 and α100=0.205±0.025, respectively, are obtained. The measured surface-atom lifetime broadening of 70±20 meV (compared to 37±5 meV in the bulk) is consistent with published Auger–photoemission coincidence measurements. The result for the bulk singularity index has been applied in the analysis of previous data in order to extract the screening response in the first atomic layer of Ta(111) (α111=0.16±0.01) and Ta(110) (α110=0.150±0.015). The …
Scaling And The Fractal Geometry Of Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity, Simon Catterall, G. Thorleifsson, Mark Bowick, V. John
Scaling And The Fractal Geometry Of Two-Dimensional Quantum Gravity, Simon Catterall, G. Thorleifsson, Mark Bowick, V. John
Physics - All Scholarship
We examine the scaling of geodesic correlation functions in two-dimensional gravity and in spin systems coupled to gravity. The numerical data support the scaling hypothesis and indicate that the quantum geometry develops a non-perturbative length scale. The existence of this length scale allows us to extract a Hausdorff dimension. In the case of pure gravity we find d_H approx. 3.8, in support of recent theoretical calculations that d_H = 4. We also discuss the back-reaction of matter on the geometry.
Collisional Effects In He I: An Observational Analysis, J. B. Kingdon, Gary J. Ferland
Collisional Effects In He I: An Observational Analysis, J. B. Kingdon, Gary J. Ferland
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
Accurate and reliable helium abundances can test modern theories of galactic and primordial nucleosynthesis. Unfortunately, there is some question whether current theory can account for collisional contributions to He I. We present new observations of two planetary nebulae (PNs) in the range λ850-λ9650, which we use to assess the importance of collisonal effects in the He I spectrum. The first object, NGC 7027, is expected to show relatively strong collisional enhancement, while the second, NGC 7026, should display only small effects. We derive new collision-to-recombination correction factors, based on new collision strengths from the 29-state quantal calculation …
Monitoring Nuclear Test Ban Treaties, David W. Hafemeister
Monitoring Nuclear Test Ban Treaties, David W. Hafemeister
Physics
With the end of the Cold War, the emphasis on monitoring nuclear weapons tests has shifted from the 1976 Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT), which confined the US and USSR to a limit of 150 kilotons (kt), to the Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB) Treaty, which would ban all nuclear tests by the signatories. 1995 will be a watershed year to control the proliferation of nuclear weapons, as the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) must be considered for renewal. The fate of the NPT is dependent on a successful CTB negotiation, because the two treaties are politically linked. This paper will cover …
Effects Of Imperfect Unipolarity On The Ionization Of Rydberg Atoms By Subpicosecond Half-Cycle Pulses, N. E. Tielking, Thomas J. Bensky, Robert R. Jones
Effects Of Imperfect Unipolarity On The Ionization Of Rydberg Atoms By Subpicosecond Half-Cycle Pulses, N. E. Tielking, Thomas J. Bensky, Robert R. Jones
Physics
Rydberg atoms are ionized by nearly unipolar, subpicosecond electromagnetic pulses. Deviations from a perfectly unidirectional pulse are found to alter substantially the ionization probability as a function of peak field. Quantitative agreement between classical theory and experiment is achieved if the pulse imperfections are significantly attenuated.