Establishing A Legitimate Indonesia’S Government Electronic Surveillance Regulation: A Comparison With The U.S. Legal Practices,
2021
University of California, Berkeley
Establishing A Legitimate Indonesia’S Government Electronic Surveillance Regulation: A Comparison With The U.S. Legal Practices, Citra Yuda Nur Fatihah
Indonesia Law Review
Cybersecurity and privacy have now become a matter of increasing concern for citizens, the private sector, and the Indonesian government. The government is currently struggling to combat cyberattacks and data breaches. Indonesia is, in fact, in the early stages of developing a national cybersecurity strategy. The legal framework for cybersecurity in Indonesia is still weak. The one and only legal basis for regulating cybersecurity, privacy, and security, in Indonesia so far is the Electronic Information and Transactions Law No. 11/2008 and its revised version Law No.19/2016. Furthermore, the government through the Indonesian Ministry of Communication and Information has just issued …
Advocating The Temporary Rights To Work For Refugees And Asylum Seekers In Transit In Indonesia,
2021
Resilience Development Initiative Urban Refugee Research Group (RDI UREF), Indonesia
Advocating The Temporary Rights To Work For Refugees And Asylum Seekers In Transit In Indonesia, Marupa Hasudungan Sianturi, Nino Viartasiwi
Indonesia Law Review
Refugees and asylum seekers are stuck in three to unknown years of protracted transit in Indonesia in their route to reach a destination country. The status of foreign refugees and asylum seekers has deprived them access to basic human needs such as the right to earn a living, education, and healthcare service. This study focuses on the issue of the prohibition to work for refugees and asylum seekers by reviewing the law and regulation concerning refugee protection, rights to work for foreigners, and fundamental human rights. In addition, a review of international norms and conventions on human rights, as well …
Legal Introspection Towards The Development Of Right To Privacy As Fundamental Right In India,
2021
Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
Legal Introspection Towards The Development Of Right To Privacy As Fundamental Right In India, Payal Thaorey
Indonesia Law Review
Privacy of the individual is an essential aspect of dignity. The ability of the individual to protect a zone of privacy enables the realization of the full value of life and liberty. Liberty has a broader meaning of which privacy is a subset. All liberties may not be exercised in privacy. Yet others can be fulfilled only within a private space. Privacy enables the individual to retain the autonomy of the body and mind. The autonomy of the individual is the ability to make decisions on vital matters of concern to life. The journey of right to privacy has been …
Undersea Cables: The Ultimate Geopolitical Chokepoint,
2021
Purdue University
Undersea Cables: The Ultimate Geopolitical Chokepoint, Bert Chapman
FORCES Initiative: Strategy, Security, and Social Systems
This work provides historical and contemporary overviews of this critical geopolitical problem, describes the policy actors addressing this in the U.S. and selected other countries, and provides maps and information on many undersea cable work routes. These cables are chokepoints with one dictionary defining chokepoints as “a strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region."
France's Organisme De Défense Et De Gestion: A Model For Farmer Collective Action Through Standard Development And Brand Management,
2021
Michican State University
France's Organisme De Défense Et De Gestion: A Model For Farmer Collective Action Through Standard Development And Brand Management, Christopher J. Bardenhagen, Philip H. Howard, Marie-Odile Noziéres-Petit
Journal of Food Law & Policy
Quality-based food production, often with a regional dimension, can provide farmers with new, value added markets. It can also provide consumers with access to place based high-quality products, and may benefit local economies through increased commerce. French Organismes de Défense et de Gestion (ODGs) illustrate a mode of quality-based agri-food business organization. ODGs focus on the development of production standards, as well as management of the intellectual property related to those standards. This mode, which is commonly used in Europe, has not often been used in the United States, despite its potential for regional food system development. The ODG mode …
Apocalypse Ahoy: How The Cruise Industry Boom Is Harming The World’S Oceans And Problems With Enforcing Environmental Regulations,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Apocalypse Ahoy: How The Cruise Industry Boom Is Harming The World’S Oceans And Problems With Enforcing Environmental Regulations, Nicholas J. Sarnelli
Brooklyn Law Review
The global cruise line industry enjoyed an incredible surge in popularity before the coronavirus pandemic. While the industry nearly sank in the wake of the pandemic, cruise lines are poised to continue to enjoy record-breaking profits while continuing to build larger and more opulent ships. This boom exacts a heavy toll on the environment, as cruise ships burn dirty fuel and dump dirty water into the world’s oceans. The current international legal framework for regulating the world’s shipping industry allows companies to effectively select which nation’s environmental laws to submit to, with ships flying under so-called “flags of convenience”. While …
Remedies For Government Breach: Lessons From The United States And A Zone Of Appealable Remedies For Southeast Asia,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Remedies For Government Breach: Lessons From The United States And A Zone Of Appealable Remedies For Southeast Asia, Benjamin D. Black
Brooklyn Law Review
Though international investment treaties may supplant domestic contract law in cross-border government contracts, their limited use in Southeast Asia informs the continued importance of clear remedies for a government breach of contract under domestic law. As investment from China’s Belt and Road Initiative continues to flow into the region, private parties require clear rules and remedies when a government breaches a contract. This note argues that the lack of clear and codified public contract law in Southeast Asia presents a substantial risk to private contractors and that the extreme variance in public contract law is detrimental to both parties involved. …
The Empowerment Of Migrant Workers In A Precarious Situation,
2021
Osgoode Hall Law School of York University
The Empowerment Of Migrant Workers In A Precarious Situation, Fay Faraday
Commissioned Reports, Studies and Public Policy Documents
The experience of transnational migrants working for low pay under exploitative conditions has been well-documented for many years. Yet, a sizeable catalogue of binding international instruments establishes a rights-based framework through which states commit to deliver substantive labour protections to migrant workers. By focusing on the operation of labour inspectorates in five countries – Canada, Germany, Malaysia, Qatar and South Africa – this paper undertakes a comparative analysis to explore what accounts for the persistent gap between the vision of the rights-based framework and the reality of rights violations that migrant workers experience. These countries were selected for comparison because …
Level-Up: Towards A More Competitive & Labor-Friendly E-Sports Industry,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Level-Up: Towards A More Competitive & Labor-Friendly E-Sports Industry, Andrew Ramstad
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Despite humble beginnings, the advent of the modern internet has seen the explosion of e-sports into an industry commanding hundreds of millions of annual viewers and nearly a billion dollars in annual advertising revenue. Facilitating this expansion has been a shift from independently run competitive e-sports leagues to leagues created and operated by the developers of the league’s underlying game. This vertical integration by developers increases e-sports accessibility to viewers, but at the cost of decreased player bargaining power and professional flexibility. The integration further incentivizes ever-increasing working hours and self-destructive or rule-breaking behavior by players to stay competitive. This …
From The Golden Gate To London: Bridging The Gap Between Data Privacy And The Right Of Publicity,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
From The Golden Gate To London: Bridging The Gap Between Data Privacy And The Right Of Publicity, Kristin Kuraishi
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Currently, there is no global standard or recognition for the right of publicity. Even within the United States, the recognition, scope, and protections vary by state. As the world becomes increasingly reliant on social media for news, information, communication, and recommendations, micro-influencers and non-celebrities require a way to control their developed and curated name, image, and likeness from unauthorized commercial uses by others. Advertising is occurring more frequently online, and brands recognize the power that micro-influencers have on commerce. Some countries, like the United Kingdom, do not recognize the right of publicity, potentially leaving many individuals without recourse for the …
Prosecuting The Phone Scammer When Extradition Fails And Concurrent Jurisdiction Exists,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Prosecuting The Phone Scammer When Extradition Fails And Concurrent Jurisdiction Exists, Michelle Lepkofker
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Advancements in technology allow people to place phone calls half a world away via the internet. This technology has made it easier and cheaper for consumers to communicate, but it has also made it easier for scammers to reach more unsuspecting victims. In 2020, TrueCaller, an app designed to block scam phone calls, successfully blocked, and identified 31.3 billion spam calls in 20 countries. In the same year, Americans alone lost a total of USD $ 29.8 billion to scam calls. This Note argues that phone scams continue to be lucrative, in part, because criminal prosecutions of transnational crimes are …
Gulf Of Guinea And Maritime (In)Security: Musings On Some Implications Of Applicable Legal Instruments,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Gulf Of Guinea And Maritime (In)Security: Musings On Some Implications Of Applicable Legal Instruments, Edwin E. Egede
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) is an enormous and diverse region consisting of approximately 6,000 km of coastline extending from Senegal to Angola. It is a maritime area of strategic importance because it is resource-rich with hydrocarbons, fish and other resources. Also, it is important as a vital maritime transit hub. Unlike certain other shipping lanes that have been identified as chokepoints, the GoG, because of its width, is not susceptible to blockades and major shipping accidents. Previously the maritime (in)security in the GoG had not received the same high-profile attention from the international community as the situation in the …
Protecting Internet Access: A Human Rights Treaty Approach,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Protecting Internet Access: A Human Rights Treaty Approach, Harpreet Kaur
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
With the evolution of the internet, the world has also seen a marked increase in government-ordered internet shutdowns and restrictions, sometimes with dubious justifications and sometimes with no justification at all. As people have become increasingly reliant on the internet for their day-to-day activities and to keep up with important news, internet restrictions often disrupt lives and violate people’s civil and human rights. While no international law directly protects internet access, it is implicitly advocated for under the freedom of opinion and expression. The upward trend of internet restrictions, however, suggests that an implied protection of access to a necessary …
High Time For A Change: How The Relationship Between Signatory Countries And The United Nations Conventions Governing Narcotic Drugs Must Adapt To Foster A Global Shift In Cannabis Law,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
High Time For A Change: How The Relationship Between Signatory Countries And The United Nations Conventions Governing Narcotic Drugs Must Adapt To Foster A Global Shift In Cannabis Law, Alexander Clementi
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Since the early 1970’s, the inclusion of cannabis and its byproducts in the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has mandated a strict prohibition on cultivation and use of the substance, which has led to a largely global practice of criminalization and imprisonment of anyone found to be in its possession. Yet recently, mostly in response to growing public health concerns, countries like Uruguay, Portugal, The Netherlands, Canada, and the United States have enacted laws which seek to decriminalize or even legalize cannabis use and possession. Yet, cannabis remains classified as a Schedule IV narcotic under the Single Convention, …
Transnational Legal Process: An Evolving Theory And Methodology,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Transnational Legal Process: An Evolving Theory And Methodology, Regina Jefferies
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
Harold Koh introduced Transnational Legal Process in 1996 as a constructivist theory of international legal compliance which draws lessons from international legal theory and the discourse between international law and international relations scholarship. This article situates Transnational Legal Process (TLP) within the broader literature on international legal compliance and traces the theory’s evolution over the years, highlighting scholarship which addresses three critical theoretical limitations: (1) insufficient description of the actors and processes of norm internalization; (2) insufficient explanation of why States internalize certain norms; and (3) insufficient identification and description of norm-creation processes. This article uses the legal origins of …
Autonomous Weapons Systems And The Procedural Accounta- Bility Gap,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Autonomous Weapons Systems And The Procedural Accounta- Bility Gap, Afonso Seixas-Nunes
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The development and well-established principles of Internationla Humanitarian Law have been progressively establishing limits to the means and methods of warfare. Those principles and rules are necessarily applicable to future autonomous weapon systems (AWS), but questions regarding liability for violations of IHL caused by AWS have been looming the international debate. This article has two parts. The first part aims to identify a technical dimension of AWS that has been neglected by international lawyers: States responsibility for IHL violations caused by errors in AWS’ software. This article argues that “errors” can neither be identified with “malfunctions” nor attributed to human …
Digital Privacy Rights And Cloud Act Agreements,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
Digital Privacy Rights And Cloud Act Agreements, Tim Cochrane
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) will soon bring into force a new international law enforcement data sharing ‘CLOUD Act agreement’ (US-UK Agreement), the first of its kind under the Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act 2018 (CLOUD Act). These agreements enable law enforcement in one state to directly request data from service providers based in the other state. They respond to long-standing concerns with the main mechanism for obtaining overseas data, mutual legal assistance (MLA). The US and UK claim the US-UK Agreement will significantly speed up data access relative to MLA while “respecting privacy and …
The Case For An International Solution To The Restitution Of
Cultural Property: Morality, Legality And Righting Western
Wrongs,
2021
Brooklyn Law School
The Case For An International Solution To The Restitution Of Cultural Property: Morality, Legality And Righting Western Wrongs, Ariana Catarisano
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
In 2020, the conversation surrounding the return of cultural property acquired during the colonial era was given new life after the world watched as Black Lives Matter activists exposed systemic racial injustice in the United States. Thousands of objects currently sit in western museums under the guise of sharing these cultures and civilizations with the world, but this brings little comfort to communities suffering the genocidal consequences of colonialism. As formerly colonized nations battle the western world for the return of their cultural property, success is often dictated by a combination of power, money, and the ability to turn the …
A Personal Journey Through The Rule Of Law In The South Pacific,
2021
Duke Law
A Personal Journey Through The Rule Of Law In The South Pacific, W. K. Hastings
Judicature International
No abstract provided.
Games Without Frontiers: The Increasing Importance Of Intellectual Property Rights In The People’S Republic Of China,
2021
California Western School of Law
Games Without Frontiers: The Increasing Importance Of Intellectual Property Rights In The People’S Republic Of China, James M. Cooper
Faculty Scholarship
Intellectual property (“IP”) protection in the People's Republic of China has been murky and amorphous. The country is currently enjoying a historic era with significant infrastructure and investment projects occurring as the Chinese consumer society substantially expands. These simultaneous trends require that China commit to the securitization and protection of IP rights to sustain its rapid economic growth.
