Tax Exceptionalism: Wanted Dead Or Alive,
2012
University of Michigan Law School
Tax Exceptionalism: Wanted Dead Or Alive, Gene Magidenko
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Caveat
Tax law has just not been the same since January 2011. Did Congress pass earthshaking legislation affecting the Internal Revenue Code? Did the IRS dramatically change regulations? If only it were that exciting. Instead, eight jurists sitting at One First Street in our nation’s capital transformed tax law in a less bloody, but no less profound, way. The thought must have gone through many a tax mind – is tax exceptionalism dead?
Our Bodies, Our (Tax) Selves,
2012
Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University
Our Bodies, Our (Tax) Selves, Bridget J. Crawford
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Article considers important consequences of the commodification of human reproduction. Anyone who has opened a campus newspaper has seen advertisements seeking to match an infertile couple with a young woman who will “donate” her egg (in return for a fee). Some college-age men earn thousands of dollars through regular visits to a sperm bank. The characterization of human ova and sperm cells as transferrable “property” is the very foundation upon which the entire fertility industry rests. But the law of donative transfers has largely ignored the commercial market for human reproductive material. This Article considers how courts and the …
Transfer Pricing Disputes In The United States,
2012
University of Michigan Law School
Transfer Pricing Disputes In The United States, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Book Chapters
In 1988, the US Treasury Department published a study of inter-company pricing (the 'White Paper') that included the following endorsement of the so-called arm's length standard (ALS) for examining the reasonableness of transactions between related parties for tax purposes: The arm's length standard is embodied in all U.S. tax treaties; it is in each major model treaty, including the U.S. Model Convention; it is incorporated into most tax treaties to which the United States is not a party; it has been explicitly adopted by international organizations that have addressed themselves to transfer pricing issues; and virtually every major industrial nation …
The Tax Revenue Capacity Of The U.S. Economy,
2012
University of Michigan Law School
The Tax Revenue Capacity Of The U.S. Economy, James R. Hines Jr.
Book Chapters
The United States imposes smaller tax burdens than do other large high-income countries, its 24.8 percent ratio of tax collections to GDP in 2010 representing the lowest fraction among the G-7. The United States also differs from other G-7 countries in relying relatively little on expenditure-type taxes. It follows that there is significant unused tax capacity in the United States that could be deployed to pay the country’s debts, but that the most promising source of additional tax revenue is expenditure taxation that is widely perceived to have very different distributional features than the income taxes on which the U.S. …
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2011,
2012
University of Florida Levin College of Law
Recent Developments In Federal Income Taxation: The Year 2011, Martin J. Mcmahon Jr., Ira B. Shepard, Daniel L. Simmons
UF Law Faculty Publications
This recent developments outline discusses, and provides context to understand the significance of, the most important judicial decisions and administrative rulings and regulations promulgated by the Internal Revenue Service and Treasury Department during the most recent twelve months - and sometimes a little farther back in time if we find the item particularly humorous or outrageous. Most Treasury Regulations, however, are so complex that they cannot be discussed in detail and, anyway, only a devout masochist would read them all the way through; just the basic topic and fundamental principles are highlighted - unless one of us decides to go …
Location, Location, Location: Using Cost Of Living To Achieve Tax Equity,
2012
Seattle University School of Law
Location, Location, Location: Using Cost Of Living To Achieve Tax Equity, James Puckett
Faculty Articles
All other things being equal, the federal income tax ignores whether the taxpayer lives in a relatively affordable or expensive location. This approach can lead to unfairness; moreover, special deductions for the taxpayer's actual living expenses, such as home mortgage interest and state and local taxes, do not solve the problem. Tax law scholars have generally been quick to dismiss the equity issues based on assumptions about taxpayer mobility. The existing literature would tax comparable workers equally, regardless of salary and living costs. This approach would unfairly equate differently situated workers. This article questions the assumption of taxpayer mobility, considers …
The Individual Mandate And The Taxing Power,
2012
Case Western Reserve University School of Law
The Individual Mandate And The Taxing Power, Erik M. Jensen
Faculty Publications
This article, prepared for a symposium at the Salmon P. Chase College of Law, Northern Kentucky University, considers whether the Taxing Clause provides an alternative constitutional basis, as some have recently argued, for the individual mandate in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 21 - the requirement, going into effect in 214, that most individuals acquire satisfactory health insurance or pay a penalty. The article concludes that the Taxing Clause arguments are misguided. At best, the Clause can provide authority for the penalty, not for the mandate as a whole. Furthermore, the article questions whether the penalty will …
Tax Court Appointments And Reappointments Improving The Process,
2012
New York University School of Law
Tax Court Appointments And Reappointments Improving The Process, Danshera Cords
University of Richmond Law Review
This article explores the problems with the appointment and reappointment process of judges to the United States Tax Court, particularly focusing on the recent politicization of the process. Until 1992, the process ensured the appoint-ment of only well-qualified judges to the Tax Court bench. However, beginning with the administrations of Presidents William J. Clinton and George W. Bush, the President infused politics into the nomination process, causing the process to slow and creating vacancies on the court. Such delays threaten the court's effectiveness and disrupt its operations. To solve this problem, the author endorses changing the statute to allow Tax …
Increased Tax Liability Awards After Eshelman: A Call For Expanded Acceptance Beyond The Realm Of Anti-Discrimination Statutes,
2012
New York Law School
Increased Tax Liability Awards After Eshelman: A Call For Expanded Acceptance Beyond The Realm Of Anti-Discrimination Statutes, Eirik Cheverud
NYLS Law Review
No abstract provided.
Change We Can't Believe In ... Or Afford: Why The Timing Is Wrong To Reduce The Estate Tax On The Wealthiest Americans,
2012
University of Oklahoma College of Law
Change We Can't Believe In ... Or Afford: Why The Timing Is Wrong To Reduce The Estate Tax On The Wealthiest Americans, Phyllis C. Taite
Faculty Articles
At the end of the year 2008 the United States was in the midst of an economic storm. The country started going through its worst financial state since the Great Depression. Historically, transfer taxes were instated specifically to raise revenue during the country’s financial time of need. The temporary repeal during the 2010 tax year occurred during a time when the country was experiencing an economic storm, a time when the country could least afford to forego the additional revenue. Consequently, the timing of the temporary repeal was in direct contradiction to the original purpose of the estate tax. While …
The Effective Tax Rate Of The Largest Us And Eu Multinationals,
2012
University of Michigan Law School
The Effective Tax Rate Of The Largest Us And Eu Multinationals, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, Yaron Lahav
Articles
The United States has the second highest statutory corporate tax rate in the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) (after Japan).1 This has not always been the case. After the Tax Reform Act of 1986 lowered the U.S. rate from 46% to 34%,2 the United States had one of the lowest statutory corporate tax rates in the OECD.3 In the past twenty-five years, however, the U.S. rate has remained essentially unchanged (it was raised to 35% in 1993),4 while most other OECD countries reduced their statutory rate so that the OECD average statutory corporate tax rate is 25.1%.
Symposium On International Taxation And Competitiveness: Introduction And Overview,
2012
University of Michigan Law School
Symposium On International Taxation And Competitiveness: Introduction And Overview, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah, Nicola Sartori
Articles
In February, 2012, the Treasury and White House unveiled President Obama's Framework for Business Tax Reform. A major proposal was to abolish the deferral on income earned by foreign subsidiaries of U.S. corporations ("CFCs").
Fiscal Policy In An Era Of Austerity,
2012
Columbia Law School
Fiscal Policy In An Era Of Austerity, David M. Schizer
Faculty Scholarship
We face a time of stagnant economic growth, severe unemployment, massive budget deficits, and an increasingly competitive global economy. These daunting challenges are the legacy of a number of unwise policy decisions in both the public and private sectors. Although the good news is that unsound policies can be changed, the bad news is that no single step will do the trick. It is a challenge to rely on monetary policy when interest rates are near zero. There also is uncertainty – and a heated debate among economists – about the effectiveness of a Keynesian stimulus. One thing we know …
Legal Ethics And Federal Taxes, 1945-1965: Patriotism, Duties, And Advice,
2012
University of Washington School of Law
Legal Ethics And Federal Taxes, 1945-1965: Patriotism, Duties, And Advice, Michael Hatfield
Articles
This article is devoted to exploring the legal ethics writings by tax lawyers in a pivotal period of income tax history: 1945-1965, the first two decades of the federal income tax as we now know it. Although the income tax began in 1913, it was World War II that created the modem mass income tax: in 1939 there were 3.9 million individual income tax taxpayers but by 1945 there were 42.6 million. This period was also one of significant progress in the administration of the income tax: the Internal Revenue Code was re-organized in 1954 and, following widespread corruption scandals, …
Giving Up Your Tax Refund To Keep It: Tax Prepayment In The Context Of The Bankruptcy Estate,
2012
University of Kentucky
Giving Up Your Tax Refund To Keep It: Tax Prepayment In The Context Of The Bankruptcy Estate, C. D. Bradley
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Location, Location, Location: Using Cost Of Living To Achieve Tax Equity,
2012
Penn State Law
Location, Location, Location: Using Cost Of Living To Achieve Tax Equity, James M. Puckett
Faculty Scholarship
All other things being equal, the federal income tax ignores whether the taxpayer lives in a relatively affordable or expensive location. This approach can lead to unfairness; moreover, special deductions for the taxpayer’s actual living expenses, such as home mortgage interest and state and local taxes, do not solve the problem. Tax law scholars have generally been quick to dismiss the equity issues based on assumptions about taxpayer mobility. The existing literature would tax comparable workers equally, regardless of salary and living costs. This approach would unfairly equate differently situated workers. This Article questions the assumption of taxpayer mobility, considers …
Retirees Beware: Don't Worry About The British, 'Taxmageddon' Is Coming,
2012
University of Michigan Law School
Retirees Beware: Don't Worry About The British, 'Taxmageddon' Is Coming, Douglas A. Kahn, Lawrence W. Waggoner
Articles
"Taxmageddon" is coming. Unless Congress extends the current rates or reaches an agreement on tax reform, dividends will then be taxed as ordinary income at a marginal rate as high as 39.6 % and net capital gains will then be taxed at 20%. For high-income taxpayers, a 3.8% Medicare surtax will be added to the taxation of net capital gains, dividend income, interest, and other investment income, bringing the highest marginal rate to 43.4%.
Nonprofits, Politics, And Privacy,
2012
Notre Dame Law School
Nonprofits, Politics, And Privacy, Lloyd Hitoshi Mayer
Journal Articles
The first Part of this Article briefly reviews and contrasts the history and current rules governing disclosure and privacy in the federal tax, federal tax exemption, and federal election law contexts. This review reveals that both the cost-benefit approach and the right-to-privacy approach can be found in this history, but to a greater or lesser extent depending on the context. The second Part explores these two different approaches and the extent to which the existing disclosure rules reflect those approaches. This Part shows that the rules are sometimes but not always based both on the cost-benefit approach to disclosure, in …
“Early-Bird Special” Indeed!: Why The Tax Anti-Injunction Act Permits The Present Challenges To The Minimum Coverage Provision,
2012
Texas A&M University School of Law
“Early-Bird Special” Indeed!: Why The Tax Anti-Injunction Act Permits The Present Challenges To The Minimum Coverage Provision, Michael C. Dorf, Neil S. Siegel
Faculty Scholarship
In view of the billions of dollars and enormous effort that might otherwise be wasted, the public interest will be best served if the Supreme Court of the United States decides the present challenges to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) during its October 2011 Term. Potentially standing in the way, however, is the federal Tax Anti-Injunction Act (TAIA), which bars any “suit for the purpose of restraining the assessment or collection of any tax.” The dispute to date has turned on the fraught and complex question of whether the ACA’s exaction for being uninsured qualifies as a …
Rationally Cutting Tax Expenditures,
2012
University of Georgia School of Law
Rationally Cutting Tax Expenditures, Gregg D, Polsky
Scholarly Works
This article illustrates the differences between the two types of tax expenditures by examining the child tax credit (a distributional expenditure), the charitable deduction (an allocative expenditure), and taxfree saving accounts and the mortgage deduction (both of which are-usually defended on allocative grounds but probably have mainly distributional impacts). These differences should be well understood by policymakers as they consider tax expenditure reform as part of a deficit reduction plan.
