Tax Law Commons^™

Fringe Benefits, Proposed Section 84, And Tax Policy , Gregory M. Fowler

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Value-Added Tax - A Proposal For The 80'S, Charles O. Galvin

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

How To Accomplish A Successful Tax-Free Pension Plan Rollover, Steven T. Graham

Pepperdine Law Review

Advising a client how to accomplish a tax-free rollover from one pension plan to another has been an area of confusion for the general practitioner. In order to end this confusion the author examines recent statutory amendments, Internal Revenue Service rulings and the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. The author then outlines, in conjunction with the recent changes in the law, potential pension plan rollover scenarios that can aid the client. After a thorough discussion of the available rollovers and the benefits and drawbacks of each, the author concludes with a chart designed to provide quick identification of the most …

The New Starker: A Nonsimultaneous Exchange Expands Section 1031/ Collateral Estoppel Clarification, Robert B. Paysinger

Pepperdine Law Review

The new Starker decision addresses the issue whether a nonsimultaneous exchange qualifies for section 1031 nonrecognition treatment. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in addressing this issue, also had to determine the appropriateness of the collateral estoppel "separable facts" doctrine under the facts in the case. The author provides an in-depth examination of the court's clarification of collateral estoppel and expansion of section 1031. The author, in agreeing with-the decision, welcomes the added flexibility the case lends to the real estate finance field.

Recent Legislative Changes As To The Reporting And Payment Of The Gift Tax: A Step Toward Tax Simplification, Harry F. Byrd Jr.

Pepperdine Law Review

The overly complex nature of the nation's tax laws has spurred congressional action to simplify the tax code. United States Senator Harry F. Byrd, Jr. has demonstrated his commitment toward this goal by his recent introduction of the Annual Gift Tax Return Act. This measure, enacted as part of the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981, provides a return to the system of annual gift tax reporting. More significantly, it demonstrates that simplification of the tax laws can be achieved without sacrificing other goals, and without additional costs to the taxpayer.

Commonwealth Edison Co. V. State Of Montana: Constitutional Limitations On State Energy Resource Taxation, Nancy K. Stalcup

Pepperdine Law Review

This note examines the case of Commonwealth Edison Co. v. State of Montana, where the United States Supreme Court analyzed and defined the permissible limitations of state energy resource taxation. While the Court adhered to the test of constitutional taxation established in Complete Auto Transit Inc. v. Brady, which strongly upheld a state's sovereign right to tax a local incident of interstate commerce, the Court failed to realize the practical ramifications of its ruling in the context o the nation's energy problems.

Horse Syndication: A Sure Footed Winner In The Investment Sweepstakes, Thomas R. Catanese

Pepperdine Law Review

Recent changes in the scheme of federal taxation coupled with increasing interest in the equine industry has propelled that industry into the forefront of tax sheltered investments. In this article the author takes an in-depth look at the federal securities and tax law aspects of a typical equine syndication as a tax sheltered investment.

The Professional Corporation—Has The Death Knell Been Sounded?, Forest J. Bowman

Pepperdine Law Review

The favorable tax reasons for incorporating a professional practice have been substantially reduced by the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act. The retirement benefits of the professional corporation have effectively been eliminated by TEFRA. In addition, the new allocation of income powers provided by TEFRA may have eliminated the tax incentive for forming a professional corporation. The professional's decision whether to incorporate his practice will now rest with his desires as to how he wishes to carry out that practice. This article discusses the changes that TEFRA has wrought, and its impact on the professionals' decision to incorporate.

Go Abroad, Young Man, Go Abroad: The Economic Recovery Tax Act Of 1981'S Changes In The Treatment Of Foreign Earned Income, Sheldon J. Fleming

Pepperdine Law Review

The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 made major revisions in the taxation of foreign earned income. The former tax provisions of sections 911 and 913failed in their purpose of equitably compensating individuals for the increased costs of working abroad, and have been replaced with a new section 911. The new law encourages Americans to go abroad by according them the most liberal tax benefits in over fifty years.

History Of Low-Income Taxpayer Clinics, T. Keith Fogg

Working Paper Series

This article provides a chronological history of low-income tax clinics in the United States from their inception in 1974 to the present. It discusses leaders in the tax clinic movement such as Stuart Filler, Janet Spragens and Nina Olson and their impact on the growth of tax clinics. In addition to individual leaders, several institutions played significant roles in shaping the development of tax clinics. Tax clinics developed parallel to and then in conjunction with legal service corporation offices and academic clinics. The article discusses the growth of tax clinics within the broader growth of poverty law and the academic …

California Tax Practitioners Beware: Even The Ninth Circuit's I.R.C. Section 1031 Loophole Has Limits, Laurel A. Tollman

Pepperdine Law Review

Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code provides tax deferred status for like-kind exchanges of investment property. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 amends this section to curb the use of the controversial delayed exchange as a tool to suspend tax assessment for an inordinate period of time. California attorneys should beware the fiture structuring of like-kind exchanges;for the amendment revises the lenient procedures for like-kind qualification sanctioned by the permissive Ninth Circuit.

The Legality Of California Development Fees, Erik B. Michelsen

Pepperdine Law Review

No abstract provided.

Wimmer Wins Flp Annual Exclusions, Wendy G. Gerzog

All Faculty Scholarship

In Wimmer, the Tax Court held that the income stream from a taxpayer’s gifts of family limited partnership interests was eligible for the annual exclusion. By comparing the income interest in the partnership’s dividend paying marketable securities to the income interest in a trust, the court made Wimmer a winner. But does the opinion logically lead to that conclusion?

Zappers & Employment Tax Fraud, Richard Thompson Ainsworth

Faculty Scholarship

Beyond the grey area of worker misclassifications and general employment tax irregularities there are darker employment relationships where workers are intentionally paid in cash “off-the-books” or “under-the-table.” Grey employment relationships present civil enforcement issues that may become criminal; darker-relationships are criminal from the beginning. Zappers are found on the dark side.

Zappers are fraud-technologies that automatically (and remotely) skim cash from electronic cash registers (ECRs) or back room point of sales (POS) systems. Globally, tax auditors are finding that Zappers frequently provide the cash that is used to compensate “under-the-table” workers. In fact, a Zapper appears to be at the …

Commentary: Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison Of Schedule H And State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Laura L. Hitchcock

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

In Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison of Schedule H and State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Rosenbaum et aldescribe the numerous variations between current state law in 24 states and federal requirements regarding nonprofit hospitals’ community benefit activities. The potential for nonprofit hospitals to help shape community health is great, and how states choose to address requirements regarding community benefit, and potentially reinforce the new federal requirements to incentivize hospital participation in addressing root causes of poor health, should be of significant interest to the public, policy makers and public and population health experts, given the large percentage of …

Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison Of Schedule H And State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Sara Rosenbaum, Maureen Byrnes, Amber M. Rieke

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) revises federal tax exemption standards for nonprofit hospitals by clarifying and augmenting their community benefit obligations. The ACA amendments followed the 2009 launch of Schedule H – the form on which hospital community benefit, financial, and institutional activities are reported and which must be appended to each facility’s annual Form 990 nonprofit institution information return. Schedule H effectively creates a nationwide, standardized, facility-specific, transparent, and fully publicly accessible reporting system covering the nation’s more than 2,900 nonprofit hospitals. Schedule H delineates financial assistance and bad debt, and requires identification of community health …

Justice For All: Reimagining The Internal Revenue Service, David J. Herzig

Law Faculty Publications

The ability of the Internal Revenue Service to both collect the tax and enforce the initial determination of tax liability in a neutral and fair manner has been compromised by a February 2011 pronouncement issued by the Department of Justice stating that the President and the Department of Justice believe that section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional and that the Department of Justice will no longer defend the statute in courts. The pronouncement results in a disparate treatment of similar taxpayers based solely on the forum of litigation. Through this lens, I examine whether it is …

Reconciling Intentions With Outcomes: A Critical Examination Of The Mortgage Interest Deduction, David Frederick

Akron Tax Journal

This article will work to answer the question: What effect has the mortgage interest deduction had on the American mortgage market? The main examination proceeds in two ways. First, this article recounts the interrelated histories of the American mortgage market and the deduction of interest from taxable income throughout the twentieth century, giving special attention to the Tax Reform Act of 1986 and the events that led to the codification of the current mortgage interest deduction. Second, this article analyzes several sets of time series data and numerous pieces of qualitative evidence on mortgage consumption in and around the 1980s …

Scholarship: Daniel Goldberg And William Reynolds

Maryland Carey Law

No abstract provided.

Settlement, Compromise, And Forgiveness In Canadian Income Tax Law, Colin Jackson

LLM Theses

This thesis looks at legal mechanisms allowing the non-collection of tax debts in the tax systems of Canada and the United States. The goal is to shed light on the choices made in Canada's tax collection system by juxtaposing it with the American system. The comparison reveals differences in the ways in which the two jurisdictions allow taxpayers to participate in the tax system and differences in how the two jurisdictions choose to make decisions about the forgiveness of tax debts. Although Canada has generally rejected the idea of compromise within the tax system, there is a tax policy case …