Periodic Review In Natural Resource Contracts,
2016
University of Melbourne
Periodic Review In Natural Resource Contracts, Jacky Mandelbaum, Salli Anne Swartz, John Hauert
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications
Periodic contract review mechanisms, which are provisions in contracts that formally require parties to meet at particular intervals to review the terms of the contract, are mechanisms that may facilitate the process of negotiating contractual changes to accommodate changing circumstances over the term of extractive industries contracts. Through the review of existing extractive industries agreements, this article considers how such review mechanisms have been incorporated into existing contracts and the use of such mechanisms as a tool for maintaining good relationships between the parties. In addition, the article suggests a new approach to the drafting of these mechanisms by negotiating …
Emerging Practices In Community Development Agreements,
2016
Columbia Law School
Emerging Practices In Community Development Agreements, Jennifer Loutit, Jacqueline Mandelbaum, Sam Szoke-Burke
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications
Community Development Agreements (CDAs) have the potential to facilitate the delivery of tangible benefits from large-scale investment projects, such as mines or forestry concessions, to affected persons and communities. To be effective, however, CDAs must be adapted to the local context, meaning that no single model agreement or process will be appropriate in every situation. Nonetheless, leading practices are emerging which can be required by governments, voluntarily adopted by companies, and demanded by communities. These practices are grounded in ensuring that all parties are sufficiently informed, capacitated, and prepared to engage in meaningful negotiations regarding how the investor’s operations should …
The Sec's Ultra Vires Recognition Of The Fasb As A Standard Setting Body,
2016
University of Richmond
The Sec's Ultra Vires Recognition Of The Fasb As A Standard Setting Body, Wm. Dennis Huber
Richmond Public Interest Law Review
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 conferred upon the Securities and Ex- change Commission (“SEC”) the authority to recognize as “‘generally accepted’ for purposes of the securities laws, any accounting principles established by a standard setting body” provided that the standard setting body met certain conditions. Two weeks after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law in July, 2002 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and its parent organization, the Financial Accounting Foundation, submitted a letter to the SEC declaring that it met the conditions set forth in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Eight months later, in April, 2003 the SEC issued a …
The Sec's Ultra Vires Recognition Of The Fasb As A Standard Setting Body,
2016
University of Richmond
The Sec's Ultra Vires Recognition Of The Fasb As A Standard Setting Body, Wm. Dennis Huber
Richmond Journal of Law and the Public Interest
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 conferred upon the Securities and Ex- change Commission (“SEC”) the authority to recognize as “‘generally accepted’ for purposes of the securities laws, any accounting principles established by a standard setting body” provided that the standard setting body met certain conditions. Two weeks after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law in July, 2002 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and its parent organization, the Financial Accounting Foundation, submitted a letter to the SEC declaring that it met the conditions set forth in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Eight months later, in April, 2003 the SEC issued a …
Informational Inequality: How High Frequency Traders Use Premier Access To Information To Prey On Institutional Investors,
2016
Duke Law
Informational Inequality: How High Frequency Traders Use Premier Access To Information To Prey On Institutional Investors, Jacob Adrian
Duke Law & Technology Review
In recent months, Wall Street has been whipped into a frenzy following the March 31st release of Michael Lewis’ book “Flash Boys.” In the book, Lewis characterizes the stock market as being rigged, which has institutional investors and outside observers alike demanding some sort of SEC action. The vast majority of this criticism is aimed at high-frequency traders, who use complex computer algorithms to execute trades several times faster than the blink of an eye. One of the many complaints against high-frequency traders is over parasitic trading practices, such as front-running. Front-running, in the era of high-frequency trading, is best …
How Much Can It Be Bent Before Breaking? Changing The Foundations Of Arbitration In Securities Disputes,
2016
Pepperdine University
How Much Can It Be Bent Before Breaking? Changing The Foundations Of Arbitration In Securities Disputes, M. Saleh Jaberi, Bruno Zeller
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
Following the emergence of arbitration in the stock market disputes, governments and brokers have tried to modify the arbitration procedure in order to adapt it to their needs. Consequently, the foundations of arbitration, such as freedom to enter into an arbitration agreement and selection of arbitrators, have changed in relation to rules and practice. Some of the securities arbitrations have judicialized and have lost the fundamental principles of arbitration, while others have changed only some of the traditional arbitration traits. It is important to protect the nature of arbitration; otherwise, the necessary support of courts for the arbitration procedure and …
Victimization On Main Street: Occupy Wall Street And The Mortgage Fraud Crisis,
2016
Charlotte School of Law
Victimization On Main Street: Occupy Wall Street And The Mortgage Fraud Crisis, Sandra D. Jordan
Fordham Urban Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Revisiting The Accredited Investor Standard,
2016
University of Michigan Law School
Revisiting The Accredited Investor Standard, Syed Haq
Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review
The passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (“Dodd-Frank”) and the Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act provided the impetus for several changes in the financial regulatory regime. In the securities markets, Dodd-Frank included provisions that lifted a ban on general solicitation and mandated a review of the accredited investor standard. These changes, while intended to increase capital formation within our private markets, also brought to light serious investor protection issues. This note advocates for a new accredited investor standard that more accurately reflects the risks associated with investing in the private markets.
Rebutting The Fraud On The Market Presumption In Securities Fraud Class Actions: Halliburton Ii Opens The Door,
2016
Shook, Hardy & Bacon, L.L.P.
Rebutting The Fraud On The Market Presumption In Securities Fraud Class Actions: Halliburton Ii Opens The Door, Victor E. Schwartz, Christopher E. Appel
Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review
In Halliburton Co. v. Erica P. John Fund, Inc. (Halliburton II), the United States Supreme Court reaffirmed the validity of the “fraud on the market” presumption underlying securities fraud class action litigation. This presumption is vital to bringing suits as class actions because it excuses plaintiffs from proving individual reliance on an alleged corporate misstatement on the theory that any public statements made by the company are incorporated into its stock price and consequently relied upon by all investors. Thus, the Court’s decision to uphold the validity of the presumption has been hailed as a significant victory for those …
3(A)(10) Financing: New Predatory Financing Using The Securities Act,
2016
University of Michigan Law School
3(A)(10) Financing: New Predatory Financing Using The Securities Act, Thomas S. Glassman
Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review
The Section 3(a)(10) exemption of the Securities Act of 1933 is meant to exempt securities transactions where a fairness hearing by a judge or government agency’s ruling replaces the usual SEC registration requirements. Recently, there has been a rise in 3(a)(10) financing schemes, where a third party investor, what I call a “3(a)(10) financier,” will offer to purchase the outstanding debts of a company from its creditors in exchange for discounted, and unregistered, shares of stock. In many cases these exchanges are done with no notification to current shareholders whose value falls precipitously when the 3(a)(10) financier begins not only …
Dual-Class Capital Structures: A Legal, Theoretical & Empirical Buy-Side Analysis,
2016
University of Michigan Law School
Dual-Class Capital Structures: A Legal, Theoretical & Empirical Buy-Side Analysis, Christopher C. Mckinnon
Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review
“The advantage of a dual-class share structure is that it protects entrepreneurial management from the demands of ordinary shareholders. The disadvantage of a dual-class share structure is that it protects entrepreneurial management from the demands of shareholders.” Issuing dual classes of stock has become hotly debated since two major events transpired in 2014: (1) Facebook acquired WhatsApp for $19 billion and (2) Alibaba chose to list its shares on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) instead of the Hong Kong Exchange. Because dual-class managers, like those at Facebook and Alibaba, retain a controlling voting block, their decisions are immune from …
Emerging Practices In Community Development Agreements,
2016
Columbia Law School
Emerging Practices In Community Development Agreements, Jennifer Loutit, Jacqueline Mandelbaum, Sam Szoke-Burke
Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment Staff Publications
A Community Development Agreement or CDA can be a vital mechanism for ensuring that local communities benefit from large-scale investment projects, such as mines or forestry concessions. In formalizing agreements between an investor and a project-affected community, CDAs set out how the benefits of an investment project will be shared with local communities. In some countries CDAs are required by domestic legislation; in others, they are entered into voluntarily. The most effective CDAs are also adapted to the local context, meaning that no single model agreement or process will be appropriate in every situation. Nonetheless, leading practices are emerging which …
Finra Dispute Resolution Task Force Releases Its Final Report, With Support For Mediation And Live Hearings,
2016
Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University
Finra Dispute Resolution Task Force Releases Its Final Report, With Support For Mediation And Live Hearings, Jill I. Gross
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This article briefly describes the task force’s formation; highlights its key recommendations (such as requiring mediation before arbitration of all claims—subject to party opt-out, and introducing a more affordable, live hearing option for small claims); analyzes in more detail a few more controversial suggestions (such as expressly banning class action waivers in customer agreements and increasing the use of explained awards), and critiques the task force’s inability to reach consensus on other hot-button issues, such as mandatory arbitration.
Security And Privacy Must Not Be Traded Off Against Each Other,
2016
Singapore Management University
Security And Privacy Must Not Be Traded Off Against Each Other, Tan K. B. Eugene
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Last week, a United States federal judge ordered Apple to assist the Federal Bureau of Investigation to gain entry into an encrypted iPhone used by Syed Rizwan Farook to know where Farook and his wife had been and who had helped them in their terrorist act last December. Farook and his wife shot and killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, before the police killed them.
Fighting For Market Share: How A Trade-At Rule Can Improve Market Efficiency,
2016
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law
Fighting For Market Share: How A Trade-At Rule Can Improve Market Efficiency, Maria Zyskind
Chicago-Kent Law Review
The last several decades have seen the stock market transform from an exchange-dominated marketplace to a fragmented arena where trading is dispersed among various locales. Gone are the days where exchanges served as the primary marketplaces for order execution. Today, many orders execute at off-exchange venues. Namely, investors can choose from thirteen exchanges, several electronic communication networks, and more than forty dark pools. This Note analyzes the impact of off-exchange trading and the implementation of a trade-at rule as a remedy for the consequences associated with off-exchange trading.
When Insider Trading And Market Manipulation Cross Jurisdictions: What Are The Challenges For Securities Regulators And How Can They Best Preserve The Integrity Of Markets?,
2016
Osgoode Hall Law School of York University
When Insider Trading And Market Manipulation Cross Jurisdictions: What Are The Challenges For Securities Regulators And How Can They Best Preserve The Integrity Of Markets?, Janet Elizabeth Austin
PhD Dissertations
Over the last few decades world securities markets have become significantly more sophisticated in terms of how securities are traded as well as the variety of securities traded. My hypothesis is that the ability of securities regulators to take enforcement action against market abuse has not kept pace with the level of sophistication of the markets and, in particular, the way in which trading can take place across borders and the manner in which market related information can spread rapidly across the world. I argue that that regulators need to do more to protect the integrity of the markets by …
Is Transparency The Answer? Reconciling The Fiduciary Duties Of Public Pension Plans And Private Funds, In 2016 Private Fund Report: Public Pension Plans And Private Funds - Common Goals, Conlicting Interests (2016),
2016
Washington and Lee University School of Law
Is Transparency The Answer? Reconciling The Fiduciary Duties Of Public Pension Plans And Private Funds, In 2016 Private Fund Report: Public Pension Plans And Private Funds - Common Goals, Conlicting Interests (2016), Cary Martin Shelby
Books and Chapters
Public pension plans manage over $3 trillion in assets on behalf of millions of state and local government workers across the country. The trustees of such plans (“Trustees”) invest the bulk of these assets into a variety of equities and bonds, with the hopes of earning sufficient returns to finance the retirement of these countless public sector workers. In recent years however, Trustees have grown more creative in selecting their underlying investment allocations. Alternative investments, such as hedge funds and private equity funds for example provide unique opportunities for Trustees to maximize returns, protect against declining markets, and to diversify …
The Case For A Uniform Definition Of A Leveraged Loan,
2016
Florida State University College of Law
The Case For A Uniform Definition Of A Leveraged Loan, Zachary L. Pechter
Florida State University Law Review
Over the past twenty years, leveraged loans and high yield bonds have converged into similar instruments, sparking a debate as to whether leveraged loans should be regulated as securities like high yield bonds. This Note recognizes problems with the current regulatory framework for leveraged loans and shows that leveraged loans are not securities and should not be regulated as such. Instead of regulating leveraged loans as securities, which would likely be more costly than beneficial and contrary to the SEC’s mission statement, the SEC should promulgate a uniform definition of a leveraged loan. This solution would alleviate problems such as …
A Place Of Their Own Crowds In The New Market For Equit Crowdfunding,
2016
University of New Hampshire School of Law
A Place Of Their Own Crowds In The New Market For Equit Crowdfunding, Seth C. Oranburg
Law Faculty Scholarship
[Excerpt] "Is small better than large? When it comes to normative business law policy, many seem to think so. Many scholars attribute the 2007–08 financial crisis to mis-regulation of large banks. Many others attribute the subsequent economic recovery to jobs created by small businesses. While the “99%” protested big banks on Wall Street, the “Startup America” grassroots campaign for small business garnered political support for corporate-finance legislation. Within a two-year period, Congress passed the JOBS Act—which tripled private company shareholder limits, authorized federal equity crowdfunding, and created the “mini-IPO” Regulation A+— and the Dodd-Frank Act—which seeks to end “too big …
Justice Stevens And Securities Law,
2016
Washington and Lee University School of Law
Justice Stevens And Securities Law, Lyman P.Q. Johnson, Jason A. Cantone
Scholarly Articles
In this Article, we tell the overlooked story of Justice Stevens's important role in Supreme Court securities law decisions. In Part I, where we briefly highlight Stevens's career before his 1975 appointment to the Supreme Court, we observe that we can identify no evident interest in or connection to federal securities law or the securities industry, making his contributions all the more remarkable. The only foreshadowing of his prolific opinion-writing on the subject of securities law was his voluminous writing of opinions, in general, while serving on the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals. This commitment to authoring opinions stemmed, in …
