Religion Law Commons^™

In Contracts We Trust (And No One Can Change Their Mind)! There Should Be No Special Treatment For Religious Arbitration, Michael J. Broyde, Alexa J. Windsor

Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Dignity And Discrimination, Frederick Mark Gedicks

BYU Law Review

Delivered as the Dignity in Law Symposium keynote address, this essay surveys uses of dignity in U.S. constitutional law, with a focus on conflicts between the dignities attached to citizenship and religious conscience. Parts I and II discuss dignity as state sovereignty and hierarchical status. Part III examines the collision of dignities in the Masterpiece Cakeshop decision. Part IV argues that attention to the public or private nature of the site where religious accommodation is demanded clarifies when accommodation is appropriate, using a house of worship and a government office as illustration s. Part V lists other sites of accommodation …

Analyzing The Fiscal Relationship Between The Church And State, Emily Lethbridge

Senior Honors Theses

The relationship between the government and the church is frequently debated in the United States. One main concern is the legality of the government granting funding to churches, religious schools, and Christian organizations. Religious institutions are separated from the government; thus, they can be tax-exempt and able to discriminate on a religious basis. The Supreme Court has analyzed the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses in several cases to determine when the government may grant funds to religious institutions. In the past decade, administrative code and judicial case law have both expanded religious institutions’ ability to receive governmental funds. Inevitably, controversy …

Is This A Christian Nation? An Introduction, Carl T. Bogus

Law Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Secular Invocations And The Promise Of Religious Pluralism, Jay D. Wexler

Faculty Scholarship

The Supreme Court has considered the constitutionality of “legislative prayer” twice, once in the 1983 case of Marsh v. Chambers and once in the 2014 case of Town of Greece v. Galloway. Although both of those cases upheld challenged invocation practices on the basis that such practices predated the adoption of the First Amendment, they also placed additional limits on the nature of such prayer programs, including that they be non-discriminatory, as Justice Kennedy explained in Town of Greece. In response to Justice Kennedy’s non-discrimination mandate, hundreds of secular individuals in the wake of Town of Greece asked to give …

Analisis Penggunaan Akta Subrogasi Dalam Rangka Implementasi Pasal 2 Qanun Aceh Nomor 11 Tahun 2018 Tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, Yoga Arief Setiawan

Indonesian Notary

Implementasi suatu peraturan perundang-undangan akan memiliki dampak penyesuaian terhadap beberapa aspek. Penyesuaian tersebut sangat berkaitan dengan boleh atau tidaknya suatu perbuatan hukum dilakukan. Dengan berlakunya Qanun Aceh Nomor 11 Tahun 2018 tentang Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, hal tersebut menyebabkan Lembaga Keuangan yang bersifat konvensional tidak dapat beroperasi di Aceh, dengan demikian terdapat rencana konversi transaksi konvensional menjadi transaksi berdasarkan prinsip syariah dalam rangka perpindahan nasabah kredit bank konvensional menjadi nasabah pembiayaan bank syariah di Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif analitis yang memberikan perspektif terhadap mekanisme yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan. Dalam penelitian ini disebutkan …

Self-Determination In American Discourse: The Supreme Court’S Historical Indoctrination Of Free Speech And Expression, Jarred Williams

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Within the American criminal legal system, it is a well-established practice to presume the innocence of those charged with criminal offenses unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Such a judicial framework-like approach, called a legal maxim, is utilized in order to ensure that the law is applied and interpreted in ways that legislative bodies originally intended.

The central aim of this piece in relation to the First Amendment of the United States Constitution is to investigate whether the Supreme Court of the United States has utilized a specific legal maxim within cases that dispute government speech or expression regulation. …

Kū Kia‘I Mauna: Protecting Indigenous Religious Rights, Joshua Rosenberg

Washington Law Review

Courts historically side with private interests at the expense of Indigenous religious rights. Continuing this trend, the Hawai‘i State Supreme Court allowed the Thirty- Meter-Telescope to be built atop Maunakea, a mountain sacred to Native Hawaiians. This decision led to a mass protest that was organized by Native Hawaiian rights advocates and community members. However, notwithstanding the mountain’s religious and cultural significance, Indigenous plaintiffs could not prevent construction of the telescope on Maunakea.

Unlike most First Amendment rights, religious Free Exercise Clause claims are not generally subject to strict constitutional scrutiny. Congress has mandated the application of strict scrutiny to …

An Unique Context Of Separation Of Religion And State In Japan, Thomas Makoto Naruse

Japanese Society and Culture

Article 20 of the Constitution of Japan stipulates the separation of religion and state. As in many countries, the primary purpose of the separation of religion and state is to guarantee religious freedom. However, in Japan, the separation of religion and state has the aim of preventing the revival of State Shinto or militarism. From this point of view, Article 20 of the Constitution of Japan can be understood as a kind of “pacifist clause.” This article points out the “pacifist” aspect of the separation of religion and state in Japan, based mainly on the drafting process of the current …

Let Them Eat Cake Or Let Him Not Bake? Summary And Analysis Of Masterpiece Cakeshop V. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, Michael Beato

Florida Law Review

Unlike most cases brought before the United States Supreme Court, Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission captured the nation’s attention. In this case, free speech rights were pitted against an anti-discrimination law, and religious rights were pitted against the dignity of same-sex marriage. While these constitutional doctrines might seem nuanced and obscure to most, the central issue of the case is easy to grasp: Can a baker, on free speech and free exercise grounds, refuse to bake a wedding cake for a same-sex couple? The Court, in a 7–2 decision, ruled solely on the free exercise claim, which, at …

George R. R. Martin's Faith Militant In Modern America: The Establishment Clause And A State's Ability To Delegate Policing Powers To Private Police Forces Operated By Religious Institutions, Andrew Gardner

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Since the very founding of the United States, the complex relationship between government and religion has troubled and concerned lawmakers. The Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution was one of the first attempts to help define and restrain the government's role in that nexus. Thomas Jefferson, in a letter praising the Establishment Clause, famously wrote that the clause "buil[t] a wall of separation between Church [and] State." However, the extent of the protections that the Establishment Clause was intended to provide is unclear, and judges as well as legal scholars have struggled with interpreting the …

The Establishment Clause: Its Original Public Meaning And What We Can Learn From The Plain Text, Carl H. Esbeck

Faculty Publications

Modern times in church-state relations began in 1947 with the Supreme Court’s decision in Everson v. Board of Education. The justices in both the majority and dissent said they were interpreting the Establishment Clause based on the intent of the founding generation. However, rather than looking to Congress’s lawmaking in the summer of 1789 that led to the First Amendment, the justices relied on the Virginia disestablishment from four years prior, as well as the efforts of just two statesmen, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.

For the next half century, the High Court’s search was for events and prominent …

The Legal Framework Of Apostasy In Egypt: A Manifestation Of Secular Reconstruction Of Sharia By A Modern State, Ahmed Sedky Mohammed

Theses and Dissertations

The legal consequences of renouncing Islam or apostasy, which include depriving the apostate from some civil rights, and the non-recognition of the act itself by law in Egypt have been usually criticized as a blatant violation of the right to religious freedom. Such criticisms are based on the right’s definition according to international human rights law precisely the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The dominant reasoning for this violation according to the majority of the related literature is the conservative interpretation of Sharia, the principal source of law, that has been adopted by Egyptian judiciary for more than …

When Shari'a Becomes A Science Of Law, Heba Sewilam

Theses and Dissertations

The Sharīʿa codification, privatization and reconciliation present three reform movements to scientize Sharīʿa in the manner of liberal positivism. The scientism of Sharīʿa makes Islamic law predictable, rational and objective. Its final goal is to protect Sharīʿa from the political encroachments of the ruling elites and facilitate Sharīʿa implementation in a post-colonial era. The three reform movements are, however, incapable of harmonizing Sharīʿa with the liberal norms of a scientized law. Sharīʿa codification makes the law predictable but neglects Sharīʿa’s undemocratic methods of decision-making. Sharīʿa-compliant legislation is still the monopoly of the Muslim jurists and the ruling caliph. Sharīʿa privatization …

Sex Offenders And The Free Exercise Of Religion, Christopher C. Lund

Notre Dame Law Review

In a variety of ways, sex offenders in the United States find themselves in a difficult position. One of the lesser-known ways relates to the free exercise of religion. Sometimes by categorical statute, and sometimes by individualized parole, probation, or supervised-release condition, sex offenders can find themselves legally barred from places where children are present (or likely to be present). Because children are usually present at religious services, sex offenders can find themselves unable to attend them altogether. And this hardship has a bit of irony in it too. Back in prison, sex offenders could worship freely with others; now …

Religious Exemptions As Rational Social Policy, Justin W. Aimonetti, M. Christian Talley

University of Richmond Law Review

In its 1963 decision Sherbert v. Verner, the Supreme Court interpreted the Free Exercise Clause to permit religious exemptions from general laws that incidentally burdened religious practice. Sherbert, in theory, provided stringent protections for religious freedom. But those protections came at a price. Religious adherents could secure exemptions even if they had no evidence the laws they challenged unfairly targeted their religious conduct. And they could thereby undermine the policy objectives those laws sought to achieve. Because of such policy concerns, the Court progressively restricted the availability of religious exemptions. In its 1990 decision Employment Division v. Smith …

Owls In Islam And Pakistan: Loopholes And Suggestions For Conservation And Management Of This Highly Ecologically Important Niche, Mubasher Hussain, Jamil Akhtar

Journal of Bioresource Management

Due to their vital ecological significance, owls drew the attention of several groups working on wildlife protection and conservation management across the globe. Hence, certain legal provisions have been articulated in the wildlife protection acts of the advanced countries to ensure full legal protection of wildlife including owls. Although there are certain laws concerning the protection of wild life in Pakistan, the specific and consistent legal provisions are still required for owl’s full protection. This article highlights a dire need of the articulation of such provisions respecting the prohibition of owl hunting on several religious, legal and ecological grounds.

Amicus Brief Of Constitutional Law, Torts, And Religion Professors And Scholars In Support Of Cert. Petition, Valerie Haney V. Church Of Scientology International Et Al., Leslie C. Griffin

Court Briefs

No abstract provided.

Between Accommodation And Favoritism: The Need For A Political Power Factor In Religious Exemption Adjudication, Karin Jønch-Clausen

University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class

No abstract provided.

The Constitutionality Of Endangering Others: How One Supreme Court Case Rationalized Risky Conduct During A Pandemic As Interpreted In Roman Catholic Diocese Of Brooklyn New York V Cuomo, Andriel Gary

North Carolina Central Law Review

No abstract provided.