Drones And The Changing Character Of War,
2025
US Army War College
Drones And The Changing Character Of War, Erik A. Davis
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Cheap drones have transformed the character of war by creating a “mass effect” that challenges traditional principles of force concentration. Unlike commentary focused on offense-defense debates or ethics, this article explains how Jevons’s Paradox, the Red Queen Effect, and models like Lanchester’s Laws and Hughes’s Salvo Equations underpin this shift. Drawing on lessons from Ukraine, historical theory, and production trends, it explains why the production of cheap “precision mass” is expected to accelerate. For military and policy practitioners, the analysis offers urgent guidance for adapting tactics, procurement, and doctrine to a battlefield dominated by ubiquitous, low-cost drones—before adversaries exploit this …
Parameters Winter 2025-26,
2025
US Army War College
Parameters Winter 2025-26, Usawc Press
The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters
Welcome to the Winter 2025–26 issue of Parameters. We open with an In Focus commentary: “Responsibly Pursuing Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) for the War Fighter” by A. Blair Wilcox and C. Anthony Pfaff. The issue also features two forums (Indo-Pacific Deterrence and Considerations for Modern Warfare) and the inaugural Strategic Competition Corner.
Recurring Coups In The Sahel Region Likely To Strain U.S. Resources,
2025
James Madison University
Recurring Coups In The Sahel Region Likely To Strain U.S. Resources, Autumn Tewksbury, Anthony Zampino, Shay Dauphinais, Andrew Britland
James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)
This client report examines recurring military coups in the Sahel region of Africa and the probability of implications for U.S. interests. We incorporated analysis of terrorist organizations, adversarial involvement in the region, and projected socioeconomic factors in the next three to five years. Our analysis indicates these factors could pose a direct threat to U.S. national security interests. Current U.S. policy prohibits aid distribution to coup governments, increasing the likelihood that Sahelian countries will turn to U.S. adversaries for economic support. An additional aspect to consider is the Sahel’s natural resources and economic opportunities. Our project utilizes in-depth research, geospatial …
How Armenia And Azerbaijan Are Lobbying For Influence In D.C.,
2025
Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at CUNY
How Armenia And Azerbaijan Are Lobbying For Influence In D.C., Gibran C. Boyce, Dawn Kikel
Capstones
In the wake of President Trump taking office, foreign government agencies and U.S.-based non-profits serving Armenian and Azerbaijani interests have been hiring lobbyists in Washington, D.C. as part of their concerted efforts to curry favor, gain influence, and seek policy changes that would benefit the rival post-Soviet nations.
Military Ai And The Specter Of The Limitless War,
2025
U.S. Naval War College
Military Ai And The Specter Of The Limitless War, Yuval Shany, Yahli Shereshevsky
International Law Studies
Legal and extra-legal factors related to the development of international humanitarian law (IHL) support the exercise of strategic restraint during armed conflicts. We claim, however, that technological developments in the area of military artificial intelligence (AI) fundamentally do away with many of the technological constraints that limited the capacity of militaries to fully utilize the “license to kill” afforded to them by IHL. Such a violence-enhancing effect can become even more dramatic in cases where other restraining factors are less effective. The upshot of our analysis is that the implicit assumption that IHL would be applied in a context of …
The Reality Of Lawful And Unlawful Militaryorders,
2025
Mississippi College School of Law
The Reality Of Lawful And Unlawful Militaryorders, Frank Rosenblatt, Colby Vokey
Journal Articles
Much of the recent discussion about military orders has been simplistic: Is a given order lawful or unlawful? The reality is that military members more regularly face dilemmas about questionable orders. In many of these cases, resolving the question lawfulness isn’t the main point.
Should The Army Be Involved In Divorce? Re-Examining The Pre-Divorce Defaults For Spousal Support,
2025
Wenzhou-Kean University
Should The Army Be Involved In Divorce? Re-Examining The Pre-Divorce Defaults For Spousal Support, Artem M. Joukov, Thomas Godfrey
MC Law Review
Army Regulation 608-99 assigns a large portion of a Soldier’s paycheck to the spouse upon marital separation. The assignment occurs without a hearing, discovery, or consideration of critical evidence which might moderate the amount of support. The obligation rests on the Soldier to obtain a court order or spousal agreement to reduce the financial burden. The adversarial nature of modern divorces renders these requirements unrealistic. Amending the regulation would ease the burden of the Soldier, which is desirable in light of the ongoing recruitment crisis and the need to attract recruits and retain those already in the service.
Genocidal Accusation,
2025
Boston University School of Law
Genocidal Accusation, Steven Arrigg Koh
Faculty Scholarship
To accuse of genocide — what does it mean? Genocidal accusation is ubiquitous today, evident more in the public square than in any courtroom. At first glance, such accusation seemingly relies on a central assumption: genocidal accusation is critical to preventing atrocity. This Article argues that this widespread assumption is incomplete, obscuring genocidal accusation’s dual nature. In fact, genocidal accusation encompasses not only laudable atrocity prevention (for example, the Rwandan genocide), but also problematic punitive, carceral discourse that brands the “other” as morally polluted (such as President Putin’s Ukraine invasion). It is thus challenging to evaluate such accusation in the …
"There Was Such An Array Of Circumstances Pointing To Defendant's Guilt…": Shepard V. United States And The Dying Declaration As A Legal, Social, And Political History Of People, Places, Times… And Utility,
2025
University of New Mexico School of Law
"There Was Such An Array Of Circumstances Pointing To Defendant's Guilt…": Shepard V. United States And The Dying Declaration As A Legal, Social, And Political History Of People, Places, Times… And Utility, Joshua E. Kastenberg
Cleveland State Law Review
In 1933, the Court, in Shepard v. United States, limited the “dying declaration” exception to the prohibition against hearsay. Shepard has been cited over 500 times by courts of appeal, the decision appears in evidence casebooks, and scholars have challenged it as robbing the voice of victims. However, there has never been a legal history of the decision. The case arose from a criminal conviction that occurred in the last days of the “Roaring Twenties,” and the appeal transited through the courts in the first years of the Great Depression. The Court, in a unanimous decision authored by Justice …
Symposium—Introduction,
2025
U.S. Naval War College
Symposium—Introduction, Russell Buchan
International Law Studies
In March 2025 the University of Reading and the U.S. Naval War College convened a workshop at the University of Reading in the United Kingdom to examine the application of the jus ad bellum, jus in bello, and international criminal law to the use of military AI. This is the introduction to the symposium, published as Volume 107 of International Law Studies.
Artificial Intelligence And The Prohibition On The Use Of Force: Intention And Causation,
2025
U.S. Naval War College
Artificial Intelligence And The Prohibition On The Use Of Force: Intention And Causation, Russell Buchan
International Law Studies
This article explores the application of Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter to AI-enabled systems that carry out unintended engagements involving the use of force. First, it analyzes whether State responsibility for a breach of the prohibition on the use of force is defined in subjective or objective terms. Most commentators maintain that a State must intend to use force against the victim State in order for the prohibition to apply. However, through an examination of State practice, this article demonstrates that the prohibition is based on objective responsibility. Second, this article assesses whether a State must cause the …
Artificial Intelligence And The “Armed Attack” Threshold In International Law,
2025
U.S. Naval War College
Artificial Intelligence And The “Armed Attack” Threshold In International Law, Katie A. Johnston
International Law Studies
This article argues that the deployment of artificial intelligence, even in its strong fully autonomous form, does not have significant consequences for the application of the jus ad bellum framework, and in particular the armed attack threshold. As with all new weapons technologies, the deployment of artificial intelligence in the resort to force requires consideration of what “imminence” means in this context. However, artificial intelligence is fundamentally a means of making decisions to resort to force or contributing to the reasons for which such decisions are made by humans. Unlike the jus in bello, the jus ad bellum is …
Assessing The Role Of Ai In Determining The Necessity And Proportionality Of The Exercise Of Self-Defense Against An Armed Attack,
2025
U.S. Naval War College
Assessing The Role Of Ai In Determining The Necessity And Proportionality Of The Exercise Of Self-Defense Against An Armed Attack, Marco Roscini
International Law Studies
This article explores whether artificial intelligence (AI) constitutes an asset or rather a challenge in assessing the necessity and proportionality of a State’s response to an armed attack in the context of self-defense. Two central arguments are advanced. First, while AI may assist in detecting incoming threats of armed attacks, abstract and highly context-driven notions like necessity and proportionality would be very difficult to encode into algorithms. Second, even assuming that this were possible, relying on AI to determine the necessity and proportionality of a self-defense response would present as many challenges as it does advantages and, therefore, should be …
Review Of Sheila A. Smith, Japan Rearmed: The Politics Of Military Power,
2025
Liberty University
Review Of Sheila A. Smith, Japan Rearmed: The Politics Of Military Power, Timothy C. Hebb
Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy
Sheila Smith, a long-time political scientist focused on Asia-Pacific studies and an expert on Japan specifically, would publish possibly her most influential work in 2019: Japan Rearmed: The Politics of Military Power. In this well-researched work of hers, she gives the reader an in-depth yet concise look at the reasons for Japan’s rearmament, the history of their Self Defense Force, and the challenging political situation that was built in the wake of a world war that still affects them today. This book goes over much of what is needed to understand why Japan’s military is in the shape it is …
Education Standards And The United States Military,
2025
Liberty University Helms School of Government
Education Standards And The United States Military, Makayla Donnelly
Liberty University Journal of Statesmanship & Public Policy
The United States military has been observed by many conservative and libertarian think tanks, such as The Heritage Foundation and CATO, as losing strength and effectiveness. Many outside these major think tanks are concerned about why defense takes up so much of the discretionary budget when the military seemingly continues to decline as most military branches fall short on their recruitment quotas. To boost recruitment and bolster the US military several branches have reexamined policies and altered them to expand the recruiting pool. One policy that is being investigated for reexamination is education standards. Education standards in some branches may …
Counterproductive And Counter-Constitutional Military Speech Restrictions: Prohibiting Social Media "Likes" Won't Reduce Military Extremism (And Criminalizing Sexual Harassment Won't Stop Sexual Harassment),
2025
Southwestern Law School
Counterproductive And Counter-Constitutional Military Speech Restrictions: Prohibiting Social Media "Likes" Won't Reduce Military Extremism (And Criminalizing Sexual Harassment Won't Stop Sexual Harassment), Rachel E. Vanlandingham
Kentucky Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Greatest Victory: Teaching Strategy And Peace Through Negotiation,
2025
United States Air Force Academy
The Greatest Victory: Teaching Strategy And Peace Through Negotiation, W. Chad Austin
Journal of Peace, Conflict, and Security Studies
This article examines how structured negotiation instruction, centered on the Circle of Value framework, enhances the critical and strategic thinking skills of cadets at the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA). Drawing on experiential learning, role-play simulations, and case studies—such as U.S.-China tensions over Taiwan—the article demonstrates how cadets apply integrative negotiation techniques to real-world geopolitical scenarios. The Circle of Value framework emphasizes interest-based negotiation, objective criteria, creative option generation, and the development of mutually beneficial outcomes. Through written analysis, live negotiation exercises, and reflective feedback, cadets build key competencies in communication, decision-making under pressure, and conflict resolution. The paper …
Healing Through Acknowledgment: The Role Of Naturalistic Restorative Justice And Twentieth Century Genocide Recovery,
2025
Bridgewater State University
Healing Through Acknowledgment: The Role Of Naturalistic Restorative Justice And Twentieth Century Genocide Recovery, Julia R. Swirbalus
The Graduate Review
This article defines and explores the application of restorative justice principles in the context of twentieth century genocide acknowledgments. The genocides used as case studies in this article include the Holocaust, Cambodian genocide, and Rwandan genocide. This article examines how survivors have utilized restorative practices to facilitate healing, the importance of historical site preservation, and governments acknowledging their wrongdoings. The importance of acknowledgment and making amends to facilitate healing is highlighted throughout the article. The findings underscore the complexity of applying restorative justice to genocide and the necessity of proper acknowledgment for true reconciliation and healing to occur. This article …
Investigating The Relationship Between Noun Classes And Plant Folk Taxonomy In Chasu Language Of Kilimanjaro Region In Tanzania,
2025
Sokoine University of Agriculture
Investigating The Relationship Between Noun Classes And Plant Folk Taxonomy In Chasu Language Of Kilimanjaro Region In Tanzania, Peter Rabson Mziray
Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
The current study investigates the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu (G 22). The study focuses on two objectives: the first objective is to describe the plant folk taxonomy in Chasu and the second objective is to determine the relationship between noun classes and plant folk taxonomy in Chasu. Data were collected from rural villages in Same and Mwanga districts by using free listing, field interviews (jungle-walk-and-identify), and written texts containing Chasu plant names. The findings reveal that Chasu folk taxonomy reflects different ethnobotanical categories; including a unique beginner which is mmea/mimea ‘plant(s)’, and three life …
Living Property,
2025
Seattle University School of Law
Living Property, Joseph William Singer
Seattle University Law Review
The Supreme Court has increasingly defined property rights that are per se exempt from regulation in the absence of compensation, most recently in Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid (2021) and Tyler v. Hennepin County (2023). The Court claims that it can identify property rights that are categorically protected from regulation by reference to history, tradition, and precedent. Yet this approach is oddly ahistorical; it is inconsistent with the fact that property law changed dramatically over U.S. history, as well as varying tremendously among the states. It is also inconsistent with the historical context of the Founding era. At that time, …
