Is Pepsi Really A Substitute For Coke? Market Definition In Antitrust And Ip,
2012
Notre Dame Law School
Is Pepsi Really A Substitute For Coke? Market Definition In Antitrust And Ip, Mark P. Mckenna
Journal Articles
Antitrust law explicitly depends on market definition. Many issues in IP law also depend on market definition, though that definition is rarely explicit. Applying antitrust traditional market definition to IP goods leads to some startling results. Despite the received wisdom that IP rights don't necessarily confer market power, a wide array of IP rights do exactly that under traditional antitrust principles. This result requires us to rethink both the overly-rigid way we define markets in antitrust law and the competitive consequences of granting IP protection. Both antitrust and IP must begin to think realistically about those consequences, rather than falling …
Off-Label Promotion Reform: A Legislative Proposal Addressing Vulnerable Patient Drug Access And Limiting Inappropriate Pharmaceutical Marketing,
2011
Institute of Health Law Studies, California Western School of Law
Off-Label Promotion Reform: A Legislative Proposal Addressing Vulnerable Patient Drug Access And Limiting Inappropriate Pharmaceutical Marketing, Tim Mackey, Bryan A. Liang
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Off-label promotion occurs when pharmaceutical manufacturers engage in promotion of unapproved or "off-label" uses of their drugs. These off label uses may lack adequate clinical data to substantiate marketing claims, have led to corporate investigations and penalties, and can endanger public health. However there is adequate evidence to suggest that off-label uses are entirely appropriate for some vulnerable patient populations, and that physicians have accepted such uses as standard. Historically, U.S. law has prohibited direct off-label promotion to physicians and patients. However, failed government guidance, industry-based litigation, and the diminished capacity of regulators to police illegal practices have had dire …
Calling Bulls**T On The Lanham Act: The 2(A) Bar For Immoral, Scandalous, And Disparaging Marks,
2011
University of New Hampshire School of Law
Calling Bulls**T On The Lanham Act: The 2(A) Bar For Immoral, Scandalous, And Disparaging Marks, Megan M. Carpenter, Kathryn T. Murphy
Law Faculty Scholarship
As the Lanham Act approaches the age of 65, it is a good time to take stock of its application to, and place within, the object and purpose of trademark law. Trademark law seeks to promote fair competition by reducing consumer search costs and preventing confusion in the minds of consumers as to the source of goods and services. However, Section 2(a) of the Lanham Act prevents registration of marks that are “immoral,” “scandalous,” “disparaging,” “deceptive,” or which “create a false association” with persons, institutions, beliefs, or national symbols. The 2(a) bar expands trademark law well beyond its basic goals. …
Greenwashing The Organic Label: Abusive Green Marketing In An Increasingly Eco-Friendly Marketplace,
2011
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Greenwashing The Organic Label: Abusive Green Marketing In An Increasingly Eco-Friendly Marketplace, Greg Northen
Journal of Food Law & Policy
The green wave of environmental advertising among organic food producers, distributors, and retailers begun during the 1990s has become an all-out green tsunami. The organic food market is the fastest growing segment of the American food industry. Consumers are increasingly becoming aware of the impact their purchases have on several environmental issues. As a result, those consumers are becoming more aware of their spending power and are willingly altering their buying practices to purchase from companies that emphasize environmental responsibility. In fact, some retailers' inventory is already being scanned for alternative green products by their customers' iPhones because, guess what, …
United States Food Law Update: The Fda Food Safety Modernization Act, Obesity And Deceptive Labeling Enforcement,
2011
University of Illinois
United States Food Law Update: The Fda Food Safety Modernization Act, Obesity And Deceptive Labeling Enforcement, A. Bryan Endres, Nicholas R. Johnson
Journal of Food Law & Policy
The long-awaited enactment of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), the most significant amendment to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in several decades, provides the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with significantly enhanced jurisdiction to close some of the gaps in the domestic food safety system. The enhanced FDA authority, however, will have little impact on the shared governance system at the federal level that involves multiple agencies, as the Act does not address the U.S. General Accounting Office's (GAO) repeated calls for consolidation of the fragmented federal food safety system. Rather, the Act perpetuates the division …
Derridean Diagnosis Of Marketplace Ills: Curing Schizophrenia And Amnesia In The First Amendment Search For Truth,
2011
Brigham Young University Law School
Derridean Diagnosis Of Marketplace Ills: Curing Schizophrenia And Amnesia In The First Amendment Search For Truth, Chris Whittaker
BYU Law Review
No abstract provided.
A Path Toward User Control Of Online Profiling,
2011
University of Michigan Law School
A Path Toward User Control Of Online Profiling, Tracy A. Steindel
Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review
Online profiling is "the practice of tracking information about consumers' interests by monitoring their movements online." A primary purpose of online profiling is to "deliver advertising tailored to the individual's interests," a practice known as online behavioral advertising (OBA). In order to accomplish this, publishers and advertisers track a individual's online behavior using cookies and other means. Publishers and advertisers aggregate the information, often compile it with information from offline sources, and sort individuals into groups based on characteristics such as age, income, and hobbies. Advertisers can then purchase access to these consumer groups, controlling their selections with such specificity …
The Amended Eu Law On Eprivacy And Electronic Communications After Its 2011 Implentation; New Rules On Data Protection, Spam, Data Breaches And Protection Of Intellectual Property Rights, 29 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 29 (2011), Vagelis Papakonstantinou, Paul De Hert
UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law
No abstract provided.
Right Of Publicity: Is Behavioral Targeting Violating The Right To Control Your Identity Online?, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 811 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Right Of Publicity: Is Behavioral Targeting Violating The Right To Control Your Identity Online?, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 811 (2011), Andrea Stein Fuelleman
UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law
Behavioral targeting (“BT”) is an advertising technique that receives a great deal of attention due in part to the balkanized self-regulatory policies that address consumer protection issues. The majority of the self-regulation policies, including the BT principles proposed by the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) focus on privacy issues but fail to discuss the impact BT may have on the right to control the commercial use of one’s identity. In discussing the right of publicity, many legal scholars agree that everyone has a right to control the commercial use of his or her identity, regardless of his or her status as …
The Three Cs Versus The Dinosaur: Updating The Technologically Archaic Fdcpa To Provide Consumers, Collectors, And Courts Clarity, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1033 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
The Three Cs Versus The Dinosaur: Updating The Technologically Archaic Fdcpa To Provide Consumers, Collectors, And Courts Clarity, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1033 (2011), Melissa Travis
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Free Speech On The Battlefield: Protecting The Use Of Social Media By America's Soldiers, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1085 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Free Speech On The Battlefield: Protecting The Use Of Social Media By America's Soldiers, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1085 (2011), David Johnsen
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Getting Law Students Into The Law Library: The University Of Michigan Succeeds With A Plan,
2011
University of Michigan Law School
Getting Law Students Into The Law Library: The University Of Michigan Succeeds With A Plan, Jennifer L. Selby
Law Librarian Scholarship
The goal of the University of Michigan Law Library's Awareness Campaign was to raise the consciousness of law students about the many ways in which librarians here can help them succeed as students now and as lawyers later. We sought to increase the number of students using the library. We wanted to get them physically into the library, and, once here, we wanted to increase students' use of the library's services: reference and circulation services, research consultations; our multitude of web-based resources, including our online research guides, book sts, and tutorials; group study rooms, etc. Not onl did we strive …
Unconscionable Amateurism: How The Ncaa Violates Antitrust By Forcing Athletes To Sign Away Their Image Rights, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 533 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Unconscionable Amateurism: How The Ncaa Violates Antitrust By Forcing Athletes To Sign Away Their Image Rights, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 533 (2011), Brian Welch
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Regulating Online Behavioral Advertising, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 899 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Regulating Online Behavioral Advertising, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 899 (2011), Steven C. Bennett
UIC Law Review
No abstract provided.
Businesses Can-Spam No More: A Look At How The Facebook, Inc. V. Maxbounty, Inc. Decision Will Negatively Impact The Way Businesses Market On Social Networking Websites,
2011
American University Washington College of Law
Businesses Can-Spam No More: A Look At How The Facebook, Inc. V. Maxbounty, Inc. Decision Will Negatively Impact The Way Businesses Market On Social Networking Websites, Yaritza Velez
American University Business Law Review
No abstract provided.
Fifteen Years Of Fame: The Declining Relevance Of Domain Names In The Enduring Conflict Between Trademark And Free Speech Rights, 11 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 1 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Fifteen Years Of Fame: The Declining Relevance Of Domain Names In The Enduring Conflict Between Trademark And Free Speech Rights, 11 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 1 (2011), Jude A. Thomas
UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law
Domain name disputes have been the subject of substantial litigation, legislative action, and scholarly debate over the course of the past fifteen years. Much of the debate is the product of disagreement concerning whether trademark rights naturally extend into the domain name space and to what extent those rights are limited by principles of free speech. Gripe sites are paradigmatic examples of this debate. Society’s investment in defining these rights continues to grow, even as the relevance of domain names may be declining, due to: (1) changes in the way users locate content on the Internet; (2) the growth of …
Trademarks, Identity, And Justice, 11 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 133 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Trademarks, Identity, And Justice, 11 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 133 (2011), Rita Heimes
UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law
Intellectual property scholars have written extensively against expanding the scope of intellectual property laws, using social justice and distributive justice principles to support their arguments. A typical argument attacks broad adoption and enforcement of copyright laws that prevent access to information and therefore knowledge, or broad patent protection that reduces access to medicines and other important technologies. In recent years, a few scholars have begun to suggest that certain areas of intellectual property law—primarily copyright—may play a positive role in social justice. These arguments are founded on views of social and distributive justice that consider personal empowerment and freedom to …
Do You Mind My Smoking? Plain Packaging Of Cigarettes Under The Trips Agreement, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 450 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Do You Mind My Smoking? Plain Packaging Of Cigarettes Under The Trips Agreement, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 450 (2011), Alberto Alemanno, Enrico Bonadio
UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law
Plain packaging, a new tobacco control tool that a growing number of countries are considering, mandates the removal of all attractive and promotional aspects of tobacco product packages. As a result of plain packaging, the only authorized feature remaining on a tobacco package is the use of the brand name, displayed in a standard font, size, colour and location on the package. In opposing this new strategy, the tobacco industry is particularly keen on emphasizing the uselessness of plain packaging in reducing smoking rates and its incompatibility with trade mark provisions of international treaties. In particular, the tobacco industry and …
Twitter's Trademark Problems: Is The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act Outdated?, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 764 (2011),
2011
UIC School of Law
Twitter's Trademark Problems: Is The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act Outdated?, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 764 (2011), Cole C. Hardy
UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law
Under the Lanham Act there is no remedy for individuals when imposters register user names with corresponding post-domain paths containing protected trademarks on social network websites. While Twitter temporarily experimented with its own verification process, it currently does not help users of its site distinguish trademark owners’ pages from the imposters’ pages. Current law discouraging such activity only applies to domain names. This article proposes that with a minor change to the ACPA, the Lanham Act could be updated to help trademark owners protect their rights when infringing activity is experienced with social networking handles and the corresponding post-domain paths.
Looking At The Lanham Act: Images In Trademark And Advertising Law,
2011
Georgetown University Law Center
Looking At The Lanham Act: Images In Trademark And Advertising Law, Rebecca Tushnet
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Words are the prototypical regulatory subjects for trademark and advertising law, despite our increasingly audiovisual economy. This word-focused baseline means that the Lanham Act often misconceives its object, resulting in confusion and incoherence. This Article explores some of the ways courts have attempted to fit images into a word-centric model, while not fully recognizing the particular ways in which images make meaning in trademark and other forms of advertising. While problems interpreting images are likely to persist, this Article suggests some ways in which courts could pay closer attention to the special features of images as compared to words.
