Effects Of Jurors’ Gender And Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability On Judgments For Disabled Juvenile Defendants,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
Effects Of Jurors’ Gender And Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability On Judgments For Disabled Juvenile Defendants, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Bette L. Bottoms
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Because many juvenile offenders are intellectually disabled and have their cases tried by jurors in adult criminal court, it is important to understand factors that influence jurors’ judgments in such cases. Using a mock trial methodology, we explored the relations among jurors’ gender, attitudes toward intellectual disability, and judgments in a criminal case involving an intellectually disabled 15-year-old girl accused of murder. Men mock jurors’ judgments were not influenced by their preexisting biases, but women's were: the more women favored special treatment for disabled offenders, the less likely they were to suspect the disabled juvenile was guilty and the less …
Procedural Due Process In Modern Problem-Solving Courts: An Application Of The Asymmetric Immune Knowledge Hypothesis,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Procedural Due Process In Modern Problem-Solving Courts: An Application Of The Asymmetric Immune Knowledge Hypothesis, Leah C. Georges
Department of Psychology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Problem-solving courts, such as drug and mental health courts, function under the model of therapeutic jurisprudence—the idea that legal policies and procedures should help and not harm clients, within the confines of the law (Winick & Wexler, 2002). Although it would seem that the lack of procedural due process in most problem-solving courts is in direct opposition to the best interests of a client, it is possible that observers find this more of a problem than do the court clients themselves. This two-experiment study applied Igou’s (2008) AIK hypothesis to problem-solving courts’ practice of sanctioning in the absence of due …
Subtly Selling The System: Where Psychological Influence Tactics Lurk In Judicial Writing,
2014
University of North Dakota School of Law
Subtly Selling The System: Where Psychological Influence Tactics Lurk In Judicial Writing, Anne E. Mullins
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Do You Believe He Can Fly? Royce White And Reasonable Accommodations Under The Americans With Disabilities Act For Nba Players With Anxiety Disorder And Fear Of Flying,
2014
Pepperdine University
Do You Believe He Can Fly? Royce White And Reasonable Accommodations Under The Americans With Disabilities Act For Nba Players With Anxiety Disorder And Fear Of Flying, Michael A. Mccann
Pepperdine Law Review
This Article examines the legal ramifications of Royce White, a basketball player with general anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder, playing in the NBA. White's conditions cause him to have a fear of flying, thus making it difficult to play in the NBA. This subject is without precedent in sports law and, because of the unique aspects of an NBA playing career, lacks clear analogy to other employment circumstances. This dispute also illuminates broader legal and policy issues in the relationship between employment and mental illness. This Article argues that White would likely fail in a lawsuit against an NBA …
Applying Sex Offender Registry Laws To Juvenile Offenders: Biases Against Adolescents From Stigmatized Groups,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
Applying Sex Offender Registry Laws To Juvenile Offenders: Biases Against Adolescents From Stigmatized Groups, Jessica M. Salerno, Margaret Stevenson, Cynthia J. Najdowski, Tisha R.A. Wiley, Bette L. Bottoms, Liana Peter-Hagene
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
The need to protect children from dangerous sex offenders has led to policies that require juvenile sex offenders to register on public online registries. It is important to determine the implications of these laws for the wellbeing of child victims and also for juvenile offenders on these registries. Is the application of these laws—designed for adult offenders—to juveniles appropriate, necessary, and supported by public sentiment? The chapter reviews current sex offender registration policies and psychological research addressing whether the assumptions underlying these laws are supported by research, public sentiment toward these laws, factors that might drive biases against stigmatized youth …
"Half Mental": Resolving The Risks Posed By Dual Competencies In Applied Sport Psychology,
2014
Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law
"Half Mental": Resolving The Risks Posed By Dual Competencies In Applied Sport Psychology, Francis X. Baker
Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )
No abstract provided.
Women As Expert Witnesses:
A Review Of The Literature,
2014
University of Nebraska Public Policy Center
Women As Expert Witnesses: A Review Of The Literature, Tess M. S. Neal
University of Nebraska Public Policy Center: Publications
This review of women’s participation in the legal system as expert witnesses examines the empirical literature on the perceived credibility and persuasiveness of women compared with men experts. The effects of expert gender are complex and sometimes depend on the circumstances of the case. Some studies find no differences, some find favorable effects for women and others for men, and still others find that expert gender interacts with other circumstances of the case. The findings are interpreted through social role theory and the role incongruity theory of prejudice. Future directions for research are identified and implications are considered for attorneys …
Complex Decision-Making And Cognitive Aging Call For Enhanced Protection Of Seniors Contemplating Reverse Mortgages, 46 Ariz. St. L.J. 299 (2014),
2014
John Marshall Law School
Complex Decision-Making And Cognitive Aging Call For Enhanced Protection Of Seniors Contemplating Reverse Mortgages, 46 Ariz. St. L.J. 299 (2014), Debra Pogrund Stark, Jessica M. Choplin, Joseph Mikels, Amber Schonbrun Mcdonnell
UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship
This article analyzes the factors that affect the effectiveness of the current rules and counseling protocol in enabling seniors to make well-informed decisions on whether to enter into a proposed reverse mortgage in light of the cognitive barriers that consumers in general, and seniors in particular, face. The article then proposes further changes to these rules and the counseling protocol to better enable seniors to determine whether entering into reverse mortgages is in their best interest in light of their specific financial situations and goals. Section I provides an overview of the current status of the law relating to reverse …
Promoting The Study Of Wrongful Convictions In Criminal Justice Curricula,
2014
Montclair State University
Promoting The Study Of Wrongful Convictions In Criminal Justice Curricula, Jessica S. Henry
Department of Justice Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works
Criminal justice education promotes interdisciplinary learning, critical thinking skills, and ethical decision making. A course on wrongful convictions falls squarely within that paradigm, as it draws upon criminology, criminal justice, law, psychology, and forensic science to examine basic assumptions about the criminal justice system and the actors within it. In a wrongful convictions course, students learn to think critically about the criminal justice system, and what happens when it fails to function as it should. Students identify practice and policy reforms that improve the accuracy and reliability of the system. This article first considers the broad objectives of criminal justice …
The Case For Forgiveness In Legal Disputes,
2014
Pepperdine University
The Case For Forgiveness In Legal Disputes, Eileen Barker
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The article offers information on the education and understanding of forgiveness, which assists lawyers and mediators in supporting their clients in the area of forgiveness. It discusses two types of forgiveness relevant to legal disputes including bilateral forgiveness and unilateral forgiveness, and briefs common misconceptions about forgiveness. It analyzes that the essence of forgiveness is the giving up of resentment, anger, and hatred.
When More Than Sorry Matters,
2014
Pepperdine University
When More Than Sorry Matters, Lee Taft
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The article offers information on the legal aspects of apologizing and its place in dispute resolution. The typology of apology under the book "Mea Culpa" of sociologist Nicholas Tavuchis is mentioned, which distinguishes between authentic and inauthentic apologies. It reports that authentic apology acknowledges the legitimacy of the violated rule through speech, admits fault for its violation and expresses regret for the harm caused by the violation.
Apology, Forgiveness, Reconciliation & Therapeutic Jurisprudence,
2014
Pepperdine University
Apology, Forgiveness, Reconciliation & Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Susan Daicoff
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The article offers information on the definition of the apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation processes. It discusses the relationship between these concepts and explains the benefits of practical use of apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation in the law. It informs that these concepts provide an effective healing to dispute or conflicts between individuals, groups, or institutions.
Facilitating Forgiveness And Reconciliation In “Good Enough” Marriages,
2014
Pepperdine University
Facilitating Forgiveness And Reconciliation In “Good Enough” Marriages, Solangel Maldonado
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The article offers information on the long-term effects of divorce on children and parents under the analysis of the social science literatures. It informs that the U.S. Courts should encourage reconciliation between low-discord parents which in turn would help to save their marriage and protect their children from negative psychological effects of their divorce.
The Thorny Issue Of Forgiveness: A Psychological Perspective,
2014
Pepperdine University
The Thorny Issue Of Forgiveness: A Psychological Perspective, Julie Juola Exline
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
The article offers information on the concept and process of forgiveness from a psychological point of view. It discusses several decisions based on the challenging issue of forgiveness, which determines the purpose, timing, and effectiveness to assist forgiveness in avoiding risk to the forgiver. It informs that the forgiveness is relevant in cases where one person clearly commits some offense against another under conditions of envy, jealousy, and unhealed wounds.
Perspectives On Outpatient Commitment,
2014
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Perspectives On Outpatient Commitment, Richard C. Boldt
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Love Matters,
2014
University of Denver
Love Matters, Tamara L. Kuennen
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
Love matters to women in abusive relationships. Consequently, matters of love should mean something to both the legal regime redressing intimate partner violence (“IPV”) and to feminist legal scholars seeking to reform the same. Currently the law ignores matters of love by conditioning legal remedies on the immediate termination of the intimate relationship by the victim. Feminist legal scholars unwittingly ignore love by failing to be sufficiently specific about the type of abuse we most wish to eradicate: coercive control. This is a pattern of acts—both violent and nonviolent—in which one partner seeks to control and dominate the personhood and …
Interactions Between African Americans And Police Officers: How Cultural Stereotypes Create A Wrongful Conviction Pipeline For African Americans,
2014
University at Albany, State University of New York
Interactions Between African Americans And Police Officers: How Cultural Stereotypes Create A Wrongful Conviction Pipeline For African Americans, Cynthia J. Najdowski
Psychology Faculty Scholarship
Erroneous convictions are not as rare as one might expect and when they occur, the wrongfully accused are more often African American than White: Of those who were wrongfully convicted and later exonerated in the last quarter century, 47% were African American (The National Registry of Exonerations, 2013), even though only 13% of the U.S. population is (Rastogi, Johnson, Hoeffel, & Drewery, 2011). Yet Gould, Carrano, Leo, and Young’s (2013) recent analysis of miscarriages of justice indicated that race does not reliably differentiate between cases in which innocent defendants are wrongfully convicted as opposed to rightfully acquitted. They suggested that, …
When, And How, Should Cognitive Bias Matter To Law,
2014
University of Denver
When, And How, Should Cognitive Bias Matter To Law, Govind Persad
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
Recent work in the behavioral sciences asserts that we are subject to a variety of cognitive biases. For example, we mourn losses more than we prize equivalently sized gains; we are more inclined to believe something if it matches our previous beliefs; and we even relate more warmly or coldly to others depending on whether the coffee cup we are holding is warm or cold. Drawing on this work, case law and legal scholarship have asserted that we have reason to select legal norms, or revise existing norms, so as to eliminate the influence of these and other cognitive biases. …
Libertarian Patriarchalism: Nudges, Procedural Roadblocks, And Reproductive Choice,
2014
University of Denver
Libertarian Patriarchalism: Nudges, Procedural Roadblocks, And Reproductive Choice, Govind Persad
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
Cass Sunstein and Richard Thaler's proposal that social and legal institutions should steer individuals toward some options and away from others-a stance they dub "libertarian paternalism"-has provoked much high-level discussion in both academic and policy settings. Sunstein and Thaler believe that steering, or "nudging," individuals is easier to justify than the bans or mandates that traditional paternalism involves. This Article considers the connection between libertarian paternalism and the regulation of reproductive choice. I first discuss the use of nudges to discourage women from exercising their right to choose an abortion, or from becoming or remaining pregnant. I then argue that …
Aborted Emotions: Regret, Relationality, And Regulation,
2014
Indiana University School of Law
Aborted Emotions: Regret, Relationality, And Regulation, Jody Lyneé Madeira
Michigan Journal of Gender & Law
Regret is a deeply contested emotion within abortion discourse. It is present in ways that we are both afraid of and afraid to talk about. Conventional pro-life and pro-choice narratives link regret to defective decision making. Both sides assert that the existence of regret reveals abortion’s harmfulness or harmlessness, generating a narrow focus on the maternal-fetal relationship and women’s “rights.” These incomplete, deeply flawed constructions mire discourse in a clash between regret and relief and exclude myriad relevant relationships. Moreover, they distort popular understandings of abortion that in turn influence women, creating cognitive dissonance and perhaps distress for those with …
