The Inherent Jurisdiction Of Wto Tribunals: The Select Application Of Public International Law Required By The Judicial Function,
2010
Melbourne Law School
The Inherent Jurisdiction Of Wto Tribunals: The Select Application Of Public International Law Required By The Judicial Function, Andrew D. Mitchell, David Heaton
Michigan Journal of International Law
This Article explores whether World Trade Organization (WTO) panels and the Appellate Body (WTO Tribunals) have the power to apply certain rules of public international law by reason of their judicial character, and because the application of these rules is necessary for the proper exercise of their judicial function. In other words, it seeks to answer the following questions: Do WTO Tribunals have inherent jurisdiction? And, if so, what are some of the rules applicable under and limitations on this jurisdiction?
The Effects Of "Blue Magic": A Call To Punish Criminal Organizations That Benefit From The Use Of Trademarks, 9 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 912 (2010),
2010
UIC School of Law
The Effects Of "Blue Magic": A Call To Punish Criminal Organizations That Benefit From The Use Of Trademarks, 9 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 912 (2010), Thomas J. Kelley
UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law
Throughout history, criminal organizations have produced, packaged, transported, marketed, and sold illegal products. These organizations and their individual members can be punished for all of the steps in this process, except one: marketing. These groups routinely market their products with trademarks affixed to the illegal products they sell, and benefit from these trademarks the same way a company like the Coca-Cola Company benefits from its trademarks. Criminal organizations should not be free to use trademarks without fear of any additional punishment for doing so. Congress and the United States Sentencing Commission should look at this issue to determine an appropriate …
The New Ontologies: The Effect Of Copyright Protection On Public Scientific Data Sharing Using Semantic Web Ontologies, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 181 (2010),
2010
UIC School of Law
The New Ontologies: The Effect Of Copyright Protection On Public Scientific Data Sharing Using Semantic Web Ontologies, 10 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 181 (2010), Andrew Clearwater
UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law
The semantic web is going to become an important tool for scientists who need to accurately share data given context through structured relationships. The structure that defines contextual relationships on the semantic web is known as an ontology; which is a hierarchical organization of a knowledge domain that contains entities and their relations. This paper seeks to answer whether semantic web ontologies are protectable by copyright, and regardless of the outcome, what the best practices are for the scientific community. The best practices for the scientific community should include the adoption of a machine readable ontology license which disclaims copyright …
China’S Implementation Of The Un Sales Convention Through Arbitral Tribunals,
2010
Pace Law School
China’S Implementation Of The Un Sales Convention Through Arbitral Tribunals, Mark R. Shulman
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Because of China’s enormous and fast-growing economy and its increasing role in shaping global governance, the evolving rule of law system in the People’s Republic poses some of the most critical challenges and opportunities for peace and prosperity in our era. This article examines a feature of the private law system which has developed over the past three decades alongside—arguably instead of—a reliable public order for resolution of international commercial disputes. It does so by focusing on the decisions issued by China’s pre-eminent arbitral association—the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) in Beijing. This article examines the role …
International Adjudication: A Response To Paulus--Courts, Custom, Treaties, Regimes, And The Wto,
2010
University of Michigan Law School
International Adjudication: A Response To Paulus--Courts, Custom, Treaties, Regimes, And The Wto, Donald H. Regan
Book Chapters
I am pleased to have the opportunity to respond to Andreas Paulus’s very interesting contribution, and to elaborate on some of the matters he raises. As will be all too obvious, I am not an expert on general public international law. I undertook this assignment in the hope that I would learn something (as I have), and that I would eventually think of something useful to say (less clear). Happily, the one area of international law where I do have some expertise is the law of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO is often used as an example in …
The Pitfalls Of The (Perfect) Market Benchmark: The Case Of Countervailing Duty Law,
2010
University of Florida Levin College of Law
The Pitfalls Of The (Perfect) Market Benchmark: The Case Of Countervailing Duty Law, Wentong Zheng
UF Law Faculty Publications
Markets have long been used as benchmarks for economic value in various areas of law. However, a crucial question has received less than adequate attention: what type of market should be used in the market benchmark? More specifically, given all the imperfections one typically finds in day-to-day markets, how perfect does a market have to be in order to qualify as a benchmark for economic value? This Article discusses this question using countervailing duty law as a case study. Countervailing duty law allows the United States to impose countervailing duties on imported merchandise to offset subsidies conferred by foreign governments …
The Challenge Of Interpreting 'Wto-Plus' Provisions,
2010
Wayne State University
The Challenge Of Interpreting 'Wto-Plus' Provisions, Julia Ya Qin
Law Faculty Research Publications
This paper seeks to address special interpretive issues raised by the China Accession Protocol, focusing on provisions that prescribe more stringent rules for China than generally applicable WTO disciplines. These ‘WTO-plus’ provisions have already been involved in several WTO disputes. In the light of these disputes, the paper analyzes the interpretive challenge presented by the Protocol and suggests that, to meet the challenge, WTO adjudicators need to embrace a more holistic and systemic interpretive approach. The paper then proposes three working principles that may help to interpret the WTO-plus provisions of the Protocol in a coherent and systematic manner.
Private Regulation And Foreign Conduct,
2010
Penn State Law
Private Regulation And Foreign Conduct, Adam I. Muchmore
Faculty Scholarship
Current U.S. policy on safety regulation for imported food is based largely on ex post measures. Several reform proposals seek to strengthen the ex ante component of this regulatory program. These proposals rely on one or more of three basic strategies: direct extraterritorial regulation; delegation of regulatory authority to private entities; and delegation of regulatory authority to foreign government agencies. This paper explores the ability of each strategy to respond to several principal-agent problems relevant to imported-food safety: the regulatory license problem; interest group capture; and the reality of bribery and threats in many food-exporting countries. Through the lens of …
Enforcement, Economics And Estimates,
2010
Texas A&M University School of Law
Enforcement, Economics And Estimates, Peter K. Yu
Faculty Scholarship
This article focuses on intellectual property enforcement, a topic that is of great importance to both developed and less developed countries. It begins by refuting the simple, and often politically motivated, claim that many countries fail to provide effective intellectual property enforcement by virtue of their lack of political will. Drawing on the latest economic literature, this article shows that high enforcement standards come with a hefty price tag and difficult trade-offs.
The article then outlines the challenges in measuring the cross-border economic impact of piracy and counterfeiting. As an illustration, the article discusses the ongoing effort by the US …
When The Wto Works, And How It Fails,
2010
Columbia Law School
When The Wto Works, And How It Fails, Anu Bradford
Faculty Scholarship
This Article seeks to explain when an international legal framework like the WTO can facilitate international cooperation and when it fails to do so. Using an empirical inquiry into different agreements that the WTO has attempted to facilitate — specifically, intellectual property and antitrust regulation — it reveals more general principles about why the WTO can facilitate agreement in some situations and not in others. Comparing the successful conclusion of the TRIPS Agreement and the failed attempts to negotiate a WTO antitrust agreement indicates that international cooperation is likely to emerge when the interests of powerful states align and when …
The Impact Of The Financial Crisis On Trade And Investment,
2010
American University Washington College of Law
The Impact Of The Financial Crisis On Trade And Investment, Padideh Ala'i
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
International Movement To Deter Corruption: Should China Join?,
2010
Duke Law School
International Movement To Deter Corruption: Should China Join?, Paul D. Carrington
Faculty Scholarship
Global concerns over the corruption of weak governments by firms engaged in transnational business are the source of an international movement that emerged in 1997. Special concern is presently directed at the weakness of enforcement of laws enacted in recent times to deter corrupt business practices in international trade that were enacted in response to that movement. One cause of weakness in law enforcement is the failure of China to share actively in those concerns and the efforts to address them. This essay will briefly record steps taken in other nations to address the concerns and the limited effectiveness of …
Toward Internationally Regulated Goods: Controlling The Trade In Small Arms And Light Weapons,
2010
Visiting Professor, Cornell Law School
Toward Internationally Regulated Goods: Controlling The Trade In Small Arms And Light Weapons, Asif Efrat
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Contrary to the general trend of trade liberalization, specific goods—such as small arms, drugs, and antiquities—have come under increasing international control in recent decades through a set of international regulatory agreements. This article offers a theoretical framework of government preferences on the international regulation of these goods. Departing from conventional models of trade policy, the theoretical framework introduces negative externalities, rather than protection, as the motivation for restricting trade; it also takes moral concerns into account. I test this framework empirically through an original survey of government views on international small-arms regulation. Based on interviewing officials from 118 countries, the …
Globalization And The Border: Trade, Labor, Migration, And Agricultural Production In Mexico,
2010
Cornell Law School
Globalization And The Border: Trade, Labor, Migration, And Agricultural Production In Mexico, Chantal Thomas
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
The debate over immigration policy in the United States has reached a crescendo in recent years, with particular concern over illegal workers and their impact on social well-being in this country. Yet in the prevailing analysis of this issue, the relationship between immigration and contemporary international trade policy is often overlooked. In particular, few commentators recognize or understand that a significant part of the surge in illegal labor from Mexico--the source of the majority of undocumented workers in the United States—stems from reforms that Mexico undertook in cooperation with the United States to liberalize trade flows across the Mexico-United States …
Reforming Fairness: The Need For Legal Pragmatism In The Wto Dispute Settlement Process,
2010
University of Richmond School of Law
Reforming Fairness: The Need For Legal Pragmatism In The Wto Dispute Settlement Process, Webb Mcarthur
Richmond Journal of Global Law & Business
The World Trade Organization (“WTO”) dispute settlement system is intended to be the central pillar of the international trade system by which trade disputes involving WTO member states are adjudicated, whether regarding trade in goods, services, or in intellectual property rights. However, an innocuous statement such as this, when closely considered, indicates potential problems for the system. The WTO is an international treaty-based organization, established in 1994 by 123 countries in Marrakesh, Morocco. In addition to settling disputes in international trade, the WTO is also a negotiating forum and a set of rules. The organization is more than a “table” …
The Under-Appreciated Jurisprudence Of African Regional Trade Judiciaries,
2010
Loyola University Chicago, School of Law
The Under-Appreciated Jurisprudence Of African Regional Trade Judiciaries, James T. Gathii
Faculty Publications & Other Works
No abstract provided.
African Regional Trade Agreements As Flexible Legal Regimes,
2010
Loyola University Chicago, School of Law
African Regional Trade Agreements As Flexible Legal Regimes, James T. Gathii
Faculty Publications & Other Works
No abstract provided.
Unwitting Sanctions: Understanding Anti-Bribery Legislation As Economic Sanctions Against Emerging Markets,,
2010
University of Richmond
Unwitting Sanctions: Understanding Anti-Bribery Legislation As Economic Sanctions Against Emerging Markets,, Andrew B. Spalding
Law Faculty Publications
Although the purpose of international anti-bribery legislation, particularly the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), is to deter bribery, empirical evidence demonstrates a problematic collateral effect. In countries where bribery is perceived to be relatively common, the present enforcement regime goes beyond the deterrence of bribery, and ultimately deters investment. Drawing on literature from political science and economics, this Article argues that anti-bribery legislation, as presently enforced, functions as de facto economic sanctions. A detailed analysis of the history of FCP A enforcement shows that these sanctions most often occur in emerging markets, where historic opportunities for economic and social …
Class Actions In The European Union?: Importing Lessons Learned From The United States' Experience Into European Community Competition Law,
2010
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Class Actions In The European Union?: Importing Lessons Learned From The United States' Experience Into European Community Competition Law, Tiffany Chieu
Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law
The note argues that the European Union (EU) needs to establish an effective collective redress mechanism to address the challenges faced by victims of anticompetitive practices, who currently struggle to obtain adequate compensation. While the European Commission has proposed opt-in collective redress and representative actions, the note contends that an opt-out mechanism, akin to the U.S. class action system, would better deter wrongdoing and enhance compensation without fostering excessive litigation. The EU can draw lessons from the U.S. experience but must tailor its approach to avoid the pitfalls of a litigious culture.
Obama's First Trade War: The Us-Mexico Cross-Border Trucking Dispute And The Implications Of Strategic Cross-Sector Retaliation On U.S. Compliance Under Nafta,
2010
University of Richmond
Obama's First Trade War: The Us-Mexico Cross-Border Trucking Dispute And The Implications Of Strategic Cross-Sector Retaliation On U.S. Compliance Under Nafta, Bryan J. Soukup
Law Student Publications
Mexico's recent decision to employ strategic cross-sector retaliation against the US in response to the US suspension of the 2007 Cross-Border Trucking Development pilot program is a significant development in NAFTA relations. Never before has a NAFTA member imposed sanctions in this way to pressure a fellow member to comply with its NAFTA obligations. To date, this remedy has been utilized only in two WTO cases. In both these asymmetric disputes, the larger stat either withdrew the offending trade measure or modified its commitments to avoid the political fallout of targeted sanctions back home in unrelated industry sectors. The WTO's …
