The Private Law Critique Of International Investment Law,
2019
University of Michigan Law School
The Private Law Critique Of International Investment Law, Julian Arato
Articles
This Article argues that investment treaties subtly constrain how nations organize their internal systems of private law, including laws of property, contracts, corporations, and intellectual property. Problematically, the treaties do so on a one-size-fits-all basis, disregarding the wide variation in values reflected in these domestic legal institutions. Investor-state dispute settlement exacerbates this tension, further distorting national private law arrangements. This hidden aspect of the system produces inefficiency, unfairness, and distributional inequities that have eluded the regime's critics and apologists alike.
Fairness In Fcpa Enforcement: A Call For Self-Restraint And Transparency In Multijurisdictional Anti-Bribery Enforcement Actions,
2019
J.D. 2019, Roger Williams University School of Law
Fairness In Fcpa Enforcement: A Call For Self-Restraint And Transparency In Multijurisdictional Anti-Bribery Enforcement Actions, Jessie M. Reniere
Roger Williams University Law Review
No abstract provided.
An Asian View On The Ceta Investment Chapter,
2019
Singapore Management University
An Asian View On The Ceta Investment Chapter, Locknie Hsu
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
The Canada-EU Free Trade Agreement (CETA) has been completed and awaits ratification against a backdrop of global economic uncertainty. The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), which includes five Asian parties among its signatories, has lost the support of the United States and its fate is uncertain as well. The CETA is significant for Asian countries given that one of its parties -- the EU -- has signalled strongly that it wishes to negotiate a number of free trade agreements in the Asian region. The agreement offers valuable insight into the thinking of the EU in terms of investment protection guarantees, its …
The Legitimacy Of Economic Sanctions As Countermeasures For Wrongful Acts,
2019
Columbia Law School
The Legitimacy Of Economic Sanctions As Countermeasures For Wrongful Acts, Lori Fisler Damrosch
Faculty Scholarship
This essay offers an installment of what would have been a continuing conversation with David D. Caron, a close colleague in the field of international law, on themes that engaged both of us across multiple phases of our intersecting careers. The issues are fundamental ones for both the theory and the practice of international law, involving such core concerns as how international law can be enforced in an international system that is not yet adequately equipped with institutions to determine the existence and consequences of violations or to impose sanctions against violators; and how to ensure that self-help enforcement measures …
Sovereignty And Complex Interdependence: Some Surprising Indications Of Their Compatibility,
2019
Columbia Law School
Sovereignty And Complex Interdependence: Some Surprising Indications Of Their Compatibility, Charles F. Sabel
Faculty Scholarship
Even as democratic sovereignty and globalization are increasingly seen as incompatible in theory, this chapter argues that, in some important realms, they are proving compatible in practice. As tariffs have fallen to negligible levels, trade agreements among rich countries have come to focus on reconciling regulatory differences. In many sectors, novel forms of cooperation have emerged that allow trade partners deliberately to investigate and learn from one another’s practices, eventually recognizing the equivalence of regimes that are not strictly identical — and in the process extending domestic political oversight to relations among states while often heightening domestic accountability. The emergent …
Twin Crises In The Wto, And No Obvious Way Out,
2019
European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS)
Twin Crises In The Wto, And No Obvious Way Out, Bernard M. Hoekman, Petros C. Mavroidis
Faculty Scholarship
Pause for a moment. Assume that, by magic wand, the Trump Administration changes its attitude, and agrees to new appointments to the Appellate Body (AB). Have the WTO problems disappeared simply because a complete AB is now in place? Even if matters such as Rule 15 are addressed,1 the distinction between facts and law is clarified and a resolution is found to concerns regarding the AB overstepping of its mandate, we are left with the fact that new trade agreements are being routinely negotiated outside the confines of the WTO, leading enforcement to migrate elsewhere. Is the AB crisis simply …
Competition Enforcement, Trade And Global Governance: A Few Comments,
2019
Columbia Law School
Competition Enforcement, Trade And Global Governance: A Few Comments, Petros C. Mavroidis, Damien J. Neven
Faculty Scholarship
The debate on international antitrust has come from two perspectives. On the one hand, the trade community has emphasised the interface between trade policy and competition (policy and) enforcement. This interface, which was recognised from the outset of multilateral efforts to liberalise trade in what would become the GATT and eventually the WTO, focuses on the prospect that trade liberalisation through border instruments should not be undone by restrictive business practices (RBPs), placing a particular responsibility in this respect on competition enforcement. On the other hand, the antitrust community has emphasised the risk of inefficient enforcement when several jurisdictions can …
Burning Down The House? The Appellate Body In The Centre Of The Wto Crisis,
2019
European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS)
Burning Down The House? The Appellate Body In The Centre Of The Wto Crisis, Bernard Hoekman, Petros C. Mavroidis
Faculty Scholarship
In December 2019 the WTO Appellate Body (AB) will cease to operate unless the United States stops blocking new appointments. The US argues the AB has exceeded its mandate and has indicated it wants to ensure that the AB performs the role originally assigned to it in 1995. This paper discusses the Uruguay round negotiating history with the view to establish what “going back to 1995” entails. It concludes that this should not be difficult assuming a willingness of the WTO membership to seriously consider the US concerns and acceptance by the US of a commitment by the membership to …
Wto Dispute Settlement: Can We Go Back Again?,
2019
Duke Law School
Wto Dispute Settlement: Can We Go Back Again?, Rachel Brewster
Faculty Scholarship
The world's twenty-year experiment with a rule-based international trading order is most likely ending. Trade wars are raging again for the first time in two decades as World Trade Organization (WTO) members unilaterally impose and counterimpose sanctions. In Geneva, the WTO Appellate Body, whose existence is essential to the functioning of the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), is on a trajectory to shut down in December 2020. For all the fireworks, however, many commentators retain an optimism that the recent events will be a passing phase and that the world will return to a more law-oriented trading system after the …
The Law And Politics Of Socially Inclusive Trade,
2019
Duke Law School
The Law And Politics Of Socially Inclusive Trade, Timothy Meyer
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Trade Openness And Antitrust Law,
2019
Columbia Law School
Trade Openness And Antitrust Law, Anu Bradford, Adam S. Chilton
Faculty Scholarship
Openness to international trade and adoption of antitrust laws can both curb anti-competitive behavior. But scholars have long debated the relationship between the two. Some argue that greater trade openness makes antitrust unnecessary, while others contend that antitrust laws are still needed to realize the benefits of trade liberalization. Data limitations have made this debate largely theoretical to date. We study the relationship between trade and antitrust empirically using new data on antitrust laws and enforcement activities. We find that trade openness and stringency of antitrust laws are positively correlated from 1950 to 2010 overall, but the positive correlation disappears …
Greening The Wto: Ega, Tariff Concessions And Policy Likeness,
2019
Columbia Law School
Greening The Wto: Ega, Tariff Concessions And Policy Likeness, Petros C. Mavroidis, Damien J. Neven
Faculty Scholarship
This paper considers the APEC and EGA agreements which grant tariff concession through HS classifications beyond the six digit level ("ex outs") in favour of "green" goods and discuss how these initiatives fit into the WTO legal regime. Even if the practical significance of the APEC agreement should not be overestimated as it involves modest tariff concessions over a subset of goods which are not heavily traded, these agreements involve a paradigm shift to the extent that they use tariffs concessions negotiated on a plurilateral basis as a policy instrument to meet public policy concern, instead of making market access …
Open Plurilateral Agreements, International Regulatory Cooperation And The Wto,
2019
Columbia Law School
Open Plurilateral Agreements, International Regulatory Cooperation And The Wto, Charles F. Sabel, Bernard Hoekman
Faculty Scholarship
Sustained high growth in many developing countries (‘the rise of the rest’) combined with long-standing WTO working practices hampers the ability of the WTO to perform its routine functions and paralyzes efforts to adapt to new circumstances. Preferential trade agreements have taken up some of the slack in addressing differences in domestic regulation of product safety, environmental and social conditions, but are exclusionary and inefficient from a global perspective. In this paper, we argue that a new type of agreement based on open plurilateral cooperation offers better prospects for groups of countries to explore and develop their potential common interests …
Trends In Fashion Law: Striking The Proper Balance Between Protecting The Art Form And Sustaining A Thriving Online Market,
2018
Pepperdine University
Trends In Fashion Law: Striking The Proper Balance Between Protecting The Art Form And Sustaining A Thriving Online Market, Elisabeth Johnson
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
Implementing A Portable Reciprocity Passport To Crowdfund Real Estate Across Borders,
2018
Pepperdine University
Implementing A Portable Reciprocity Passport To Crowdfund Real Estate Across Borders, Raymond Tran
The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law
No abstract provided.
Review Of Double Taxation And The League Of Nations,
2018
University of Michigan
Review Of Double Taxation And The League Of Nations, Reuven S. Avi-Yonah
Reviews
Should we continue adapting the OECD Model to address tax challenges arising from digitalization of the economy or has the time come for radical reform? Sunita Jogarajan asked that question in her last study of the League of Nations' work on double taxation in the 1920s. The historical analysis provided in her book seems to suggest that the international tax regime will continue to inevitably evolve and the OECD Model can adapt. Her extensive archival research, conducted at the League of Nations Archives, the United Kingdom National Archives (London) and the Seligman Archives, Columbia University (New York), clearly demonstrates that …
Bringing The European Eel Back From The Brink: The Need For A New Agreement Under The Convention On Migratory Species,
2018
Lewis & Clark Law School
Bringing The European Eel Back From The Brink: The Need For A New Agreement Under The Convention On Migratory Species, Chris Wold
Pace Environmental Law Review
The European eel is considered “Critically Endangered.” Its population has been declining due to overutilization, barriers to migration such as dams, pollution, and climate change. The international community has responded by including the European eel in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (“CITES”) to regulate international trade and Appendix II of the Convention on Migratory Species (“CMS”) to help improve the species conservation status. The EU has taken regional action to prohibit imports into and exports from EU Member States, although intra-EU trade is permissible. Despite these actions, the eel’s conservation status might not be …
Super Unleaded Malbec? A Case Study In Flawed International Standard Setting At The Codex Alimentarius,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Super Unleaded Malbec? A Case Study In Flawed International Standard Setting At The Codex Alimentarius, Justin Schwegel
Journal of Food Law & Policy
The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) provides rules on the adoption and enforcement of SPS measures. It also presumes that food safety regulations adopted by WTO Members that conform to relevant international standards are consistent with the SPS Agreement. The relevant international standard setting body for food safety is the Codex Alimentarius Commission, which conducts most of its food safety risk management work through subsidiary bodies such as the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Food (CCCF). CCCF establishes maximum limits for food contaminants and codes of practice for reducing food …
Defining 'Diversity' In Corporate Governance: A Global Survey,
2018
Notre Dame Law School
Defining 'Diversity' In Corporate Governance: A Global Survey, Askhaya Kamalnath
Journal of Legislation
This Article explores the connotation of the term “diversity” in the corporate governance sphere and the utility of such a connotation. To explore what the term has come to mean, this Article conducts a comparative analysis of how the term is used in the corporate governance context in the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada, India, and Malaysia. Based on this analysis, this Article argues that the push for “diversity” (in the way it has come to be understood) on company boards needs to be re-examined and recommends that the SEC needs to define the term in accordance with its policy goals.
The Impact Of The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement On Australia's Education Exports To China: A Legal And Economic Assessment,
2018
Singapore Management University
The Impact Of The China-Australia Free Trade Agreement On Australia's Education Exports To China: A Legal And Economic Assessment, Junfang Xi, Weihuan Zhou, Heng Wang
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
As a landmark achievement in the development of the China-Australia bilateral economic relations, the China-Australia Free Trade Agreement (“ChAFTA”) achieves a higher level of liberalisation in education services compared with China's commitments under the World Trade Organisation and its other free trade agreements. However, the ChAFTA fails to relax the major regulatory barriers in China, which will remain the key obstacles to Australia's education services exports to China. Through a preliminary study and a regression analysis of the impacts of the ChAFTA on Australia's education exports to China based on available data, we show that the ChAFTA did not play …
