Partnering With Despots And Failed Regimes: Rogue Banking As A Primary Violation Of International Law,
2014
University of San Diego
Partnering With Despots And Failed Regimes: Rogue Banking As A Primary Violation Of International Law, Joel Slawotsky
San Diego International Law Journal
Today, criminals can transfer enormous sums from a bank in nation A to an account in nation B with a mouse click. Allowing rogue banking to constitute an international law violation will enable direct actions against financial institutions for international law violations and raise the profile of those institutions that engage in the practice.
This Article does not propose that isolated incidents of providing financial services should be considered a violation of international law, but rather that rogue banking should be defined in the context of serial partnering with international law violators. Part II outlines the pervasive role global financial …
Partners Or Rivals In Reconciliation? The Ictr And Rwanda’S Gacaca Courts,
2014
University of San Diego
Partners Or Rivals In Reconciliation? The Ictr And Rwanda’S Gacaca Courts, Leo C. Nwoye
San Diego International Law Journal
A major question for post-conflict governments to consider is how best to shape reconciliation efforts. This Article examines two transitional justice mechanisms that were utilized in Rwanda’s post genocide era and assesses their contributions to reconciliation. The two principal approaches which emerged in the Rwandan context were the establishment of International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), via the international political community whilst grassroots efforts within Rwanda were channeled through the gacaca court system. While each of these systems, though unintended and incoherent hybrid justice strategies, possessed strengths and weaknesses, this legal pluralist structure nevertheless yielded positive reconciliation results.
The Article …
Non-State Law In The Hague Principles On Choice Of Law In International Contracts,
2014
Duke Law School
Non-State Law In The Hague Principles On Choice Of Law In International Contracts, Ralf Michaels
Faculty Scholarship
Article 3 of the Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Contracts is the first quasi-legislative text on choice of law to allow explicitly for the choice of non-state law also before state courts. This paper, forthcoming in a Festschrift, puts the provision into a broader context, discusses their drafting history and particular issues involved in their interpretation. It also provides a critical evaluation. Article 3 does not respond to an existing need, and its formulation, the fruit of a compromise between supporters and opponents of choosing non-state law, makes the provision unsuccessful for state courts and arbitrators alike.
The Domestic And International Enforcement Of The Oecd Anti-Bribery Convention,
2014
Duke Law School
The Domestic And International Enforcement Of The Oecd Anti-Bribery Convention, Rachel Brewster
Faculty Scholarship
International corruption law is a growing, if understudied, area of international economic law. This Article examines two aspects of governments' enforcement of the OECD's Anti-Bribery Convention. The first aspect is the member state's efforts to enforce its own national legislation prohibiting foreign corruption within its territory and with regards to its nationals doing business abroad. The OECD Treaty's obligation concerning member states' enforcement of their own national legislation is somewhat ambiguous. While the obligation to pass particular national legislation is quite clear and specific, the treaty does not specify what resources that a state must dedicate to internally enforcing these …
A State Preferences Account Of Customary International Law Adjudication,
2014
Duke Law School
A State Preferences Account Of Customary International Law Adjudication, Curtis A. Bradley
Faculty Scholarship
The standard account today of customary international law (CIL) is that it arises from the widespread and consistent practice of states followed out of a sense of legal obligation. Although commonly recited, this account is plagued by evidentiary, normative, and conceptual difficulties, and it has been subjected to increasing criticism in recent years. This paper posits a different account of CIL, considered from the perspective of international adjudication. A fundamental problem with much of the theorizing about CIL, the paper contends, is that it fails to identify which decisionmaker it has in mind. Instead, the discussion proceeds as if CIL …
Federalism, Treaty Implementation, And Political Process: Bond V. United States,
2014
Duke Law School
Federalism, Treaty Implementation, And Political Process: Bond V. United States, Curtis A. Bradley
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
From Contract To Legislation: The Logic Of Modern International Lawmaking,
2014
Duke Law School
From Contract To Legislation: The Logic Of Modern International Lawmaking, Timothy Meyer
Faculty Scholarship
The future of international lawmaking is in peril. Both trade and climate negotiations have failed to produce a multilateral agreement since the mid-1990s, while the U.N. Security Council has been unable to comprehensively respond to the humanitarian crisis in Syria. In response to multilateralism's retreat, many prominent commentators have called for international institutions to be given the power to bind holdout states-often rising or reluctant powers such as China and the United States-without their consent. In short, these proposals envision international law traveling the road taken by federal systems such as the United States and the European Union: from contractual …
The Effectiveness Of International Adjudicators,
2014
Duke Law School
The Effectiveness Of International Adjudicators, Laurence R. Helfer
Faculty Scholarship
This chapter, in the Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication, provides an overview of the burgeoning literature on the effectiveness of international courts and tribunals (ICs). It considers four dimensions of effectiveness that have engendered debates among scholars or received insufficient scrutiny. The first dimension, case-specific effectiveness, evaluates whether the litigants to a specific dispute change their behavior following an IC ruling, an issue closely linked to compliance with IC judgments. The second variant, erga omnes effectiveness, assesses whether IC decisions have systemic precedential effects that influence the behavior of all states subject to a tribunal’s jurisdiction. The third approach, embeddedness …
Kiobel's Broader Significance: Implications For International Legal Theory,
2014
Indiana University Maurer School of Law
Kiobel's Broader Significance: Implications For International Legal Theory, Austen L. Parrish
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
The Limits Of Legality: Assessing Recent International Interventions In Civil Conflicts In The Middle-East,
2014
Indiana University Maurer School of Law
The Limits Of Legality: Assessing Recent International Interventions In Civil Conflicts In The Middle-East, Feisal Amin Istrabadi
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
The Story Of Jewish Polygamy,
2014
Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center
The Story Of Jewish Polygamy, Mark Goldfeder
Scholarly Works
This Article examines the intersection of law, religion, and culture in the evolution of polygamy in the Jewish tradition. It traces the development of Jewish thought on polygamy over time by assembling and analyzing relevant discussions, arguments, decisions, and biblical interpretations from the time of the Hebrew Bible passages, when plural marriage was an accepted part of Jewish society, to the early Middle Ages when the practice was formally and conclusively rejected. In doing so, the Article attempts to untangle the various influences-both practical and doctrinal, internal and external-on the evolution of marriage law in Jewish communities. These findings highlight …
How Trade Law Changed: Why It Should Change Again,
2014
Touro Law Center
How Trade Law Changed: Why It Should Change Again, John Linarelli
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Diplomacy And Its Others: The Case Of Comfort Women,
2014
Saint Louis University School of Law
Diplomacy And Its Others: The Case Of Comfort Women, Monica E. Eppinger, Karen Knop, Annelise Riles
All Faculty Scholarship
The “Comfort Women incident,” now at least several decades old, troubles the familiar view of law as a funnel for politics. Viewed as a funnel, the wide range of legal, political, cultural, and diplomatic efforts to seek or resist redress for the system of sexual slavery institutionalized by the Japanese military during the Second World War would be assessed as ultimately pushing in the same direction: toward vindicating human rights. We see in the Comfort Women incident a far more chaotic interaction of law and politics. As critical legal feminist, we are concerned with finding a truthful and ethical way …
An 'I Do' I Choose: How The Fight For Marriage Access Supports A Per Se Finding Of Persecution For Asylum Cases Based On Forced Marriage,
2014
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law
An 'I Do' I Choose: How The Fight For Marriage Access Supports A Per Se Finding Of Persecution For Asylum Cases Based On Forced Marriage, Natalie Nanasi
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
There is something special about marriage. The U.S. Supreme Court, in striking down anti-miscegenation laws, restrictions on the right to marry for disadvantaged groups, and most recently, the Defense of Marriage Act, has long recognized the marital union to be "sacred" and "fundamental to…existence." Yet this analysis is dramatically different when courts consider asylum law, where a woman who is seeking refuge in the United States to protect her from a forced marriage abroad will likely be denied protection because the harm she fears is not considered to be a "persecutory" act. She may therefore be forced to spend a …
What Is Extraterritorial Jurisdiction?,
2014
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law
What Is Extraterritorial Jurisdiction?, Anthony J. Colangelo
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
The phenomenon of extraterritorial jurisdiction, or the exercise of legal power beyond territorial borders, presents lawyers, courts, and scholars with analytical onions comprising layers of national and international legal issues; as each layer peels away, more issues are revealed. U.S. courts, including the Supreme Court, have increasingly been wrestling this conceptual and doctrinal Hydra. Any legal analysis of extraterritorial jurisdiction leans heavily on the answers to two key definitional questions: What do we mean by “extraterritorial”? And, what do we mean by “jurisdiction”? Because the answer to the first question is often conditional on the answer to the second, the …
The Janus Moon Rising - Why 2014 Heralds United States' Detention Policy On A Collision Course...With Itself,
2014
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law
The Janus Moon Rising - Why 2014 Heralds United States' Detention Policy On A Collision Course...With Itself, Chris Jenks
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
2014 will serve as a test of the United States’ claims that its detention policy is consistent with the law of armed conflict (LOAC). If, as President Obama has repeatedly stated, U.S. involvement in the armed conflict in Afghanistan will end this year, then any LOAC based detention of belligerents linked solely to that conflict ends as well. That should mean the release or transfer of members of the Taliban currently detained at Guantanamo. It won’t.
The Adoption Of Children In Judaism And In Israel; A Conceptual And Practical Review,
2014
Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center
The Adoption Of Children In Judaism And In Israel; A Conceptual And Practical Review, Mark Goldfeder
Scholarly Works
Religion has played a fairly significant role in the history of adoption law, both in the U.S. and internationally. Although there are plenty of questions raised by religion in the context of adoption, one particular issue revolves around whether or not religion should factor into a "best interests of the child" placement determination. Whether or not it should factor into the determination, in practice religion often plays a part in the legal determination of which home will provide the best and most supportive environment for an adopted child. While much has been written about the legal aspect of putting a …
The Turn To Corporate Criminal Liability For International Crimes: Transcending The Alien Tort Statute,
2014
Allard School of Law at the University of British Columbia
The Turn To Corporate Criminal Liability For International Crimes: Transcending The Alien Tort Statute, James G. Stewart
All Faculty Publications
In November 2013, Swiss authorities announced a criminal investigation into one of the world’s largest gold refineries on the basis that the company committed a war crime. The Swiss investigation comes a matter of months after the US Supreme Court decided in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. that allegations like these could not give rise to civil liability under the aegis of the Alien Tort Statute (“ATS”). Intriguingly, however, the Swiss case is founded on a much earlier American precedent. In 1909, the U.S. Supreme Court approved the novel practice of prosecuting companies. Unlike the Court’s position in Kiobel …
Moral Touchstone, Not General Deterrence: The Role Of International Criminal Justice In Fostering Compliance With International Humanitarian Law,
2014
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law
Moral Touchstone, Not General Deterrence: The Role Of International Criminal Justice In Fostering Compliance With International Humanitarian Law, Chris Jenks
Faculty Journal Articles and Book Chapters
This article contends that international criminal justice provides minimal general deterrence of future violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). Arguments that international courts and tribunals deter future violations – and that such deterrence is a primary objective – assume an internally inconsistent burden that the processes cannot bear, in essence setting international criminal justice up for failure. Moreover, the inherently limited number of proceedings, the length of time required, the dense opinions generated, the relatively light sentences and the robust confinement conditions all erode whatever limited general deterrence international criminal justice might otherwise provide. Bluntly stated, thousands of pages of …
Beyond One Voice,
2014
BYU Law
Beyond One Voice, David H. Moore
Faculty Scholarship
The one-voice doctrine, a mainstay of U.S. foreign relations jurisprudence, maintains that in its external relations the United States must be able to speak with one voice. The doctrine has been used to answer critical questions about the foreign affairs powers of the President, Congress, the courts, and U.S. states. Notwithstanding its prominence, the one-voice doctrine has received relatively little sustained attention. This Article offers the first comprehensive assessment of the doctrine. The assessment proves fatal.
Despite broad use and value in certain contexts, the one-voice doctrine is fundamentally flawed. The doctrine not only is used to address divergent questions …
