International Humanitarian Law Commons^™

A New "Administrative Law Approach" To Social Rights? Learnings From Environmental Litigation In Colombia, Maria Emilia Mamberti

American University International Law Review

Social rights are at present profusely recognized in international and domestic law. Latin American countries are frontrunners in the field, as virtually all constitutions in the region acknowledge social rights, often in ambitious manners. In many countries, courts have been active and creative in adjudicating social rights cases.

The increasing importance of social rights has led to copious debates in comparative law, which have initially focused on the convenience of constitutionalizing them, and on assessing their nature and core characteristics. With relevant exceptions, more current debates—largely revolving around the decisions of high courts from a handful of jurisdictions—have focused on …

Prologue, Claudio Grossman, Robert K. Goldman

American University International Law Review

We are pleased to write this prologue for the special issue of the American University International Law Review featuring the winning papers from the 2024 Human Rights Essay Award, sponsored by the Academy on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law of American University Washington College of Law.

"Esa Persona No Soy Yo": La Inteligencia Artificial Como Un Nuevo Instrumento De Violencia, Samantha Rodriguez Santillan

American University International Law Review

En 1943, cuando se inventó la primera computadora, se especularon muchísimas teorías, positivas y negativas, sobre cómo esta tecnología afectaría las relaciones humanas. Décadas después, el desarrollo de toda una nueva gama de productos y servicios creó un nuevo espacio que trajo consigo un infinito número de escenarios que lentamente se han regularizado.

Inteligencia Artificial Y Desinformación En Internet: Regulaciones (In)Compatibles Con Los Estándares De Protección Del Derecho A La Libertad De Expresión En El Derecho Internacional De Los Derechos Humanos, Trilce Gabriela Valdivia Aguilar

American University International Law Review

Durante los casi dos años de confinamiento debido a la pandemia por COVID-19, muchas de nuestras interacciones “en vivo” se trasladaron al mundo virtual. Asimismo, las redes sociales se convirtieron en una de nuestras principales fuentes de información y también en los medios más usados para comunicarnos y debatir con nuestros pares. Lamentablemente las mismas no estuvieron siempre sustentadas en información certera, sino más bien en información falsa, que circulaba en medio de viciosas burbujas donde nos era imposible conocer opiniones o pareceres contrarios a los nuestros.

Domestic Mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence Laws As Global Business And Human Rights Regulation, Zhuolun Li, Yu Xiang

American University International Law Review

The last decade has witnessed a paradigm shift in business and human rights (BHR) from soft law to hard law. Although the Global South has pushed for an international treaty, legislators in Europe turned their focus from international law to domestic mandatory human rights due diligence (mHRDD) laws with extraterritorial implications, enforcing localized human rights standards globally. This Article examines the impact of mHRDD legislation as global BHR regulation from a Third World Approaches to International Law perspective. The Article makes three contributions. First, it argues that the current divide between the Global North and South continues a historical struggle …

La Interculturalidad Como Estrategia Para Contribuir A La Igualdad Y No Discriminacion De Los Pueblos Originarios En El Derecho A La Educacion Superior: El Caso De Argentina, Julian Ariel Madrid Moreno

American University International Law Review

Argentina es un país que se ha comprometido a cumplir diferentes tratados internacionales de derechos humanos, sin embargo, desde hace muchos años, y con mayor intensidad en el presente, existe desigualdad y discriminación racial en la educación superior Argentina. En un reciente informe elaborado por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) demuestra que el mencionado país no está garantizando ni fomentando herramientas suficientes para que los pueblos originarios puedan acceder a la educación superior de manera igualitaria y sin discriminación, menoscabando gravemente sus derechos fundamentales.

Holding Out For Better Weather: Foreign Aid And The Principle Of Humanity In Armed Conflicts And Natural Disasters, Nicholas Schwartz

American University International Law Review

This Comment examines the doctrines of international humanitarian law and international disaster response law, two different sets of rules that govern the same situation: humanitarian concerns in the wake of a large-scale cataclysm. International humanitarian law is as old as history itself and has a stout body of law, both in terms of treaties and recognized customary international law. International disaster response law has only crystallized as a concept over the last two decades and is underdeveloped and largely unacknowledged.

Foreign aid, implored by the principle of humanity, is critical to assisting the plight of populations when a domestic government …

Through A Glass Darkly: How Securities Disclosures Give A Distorted View Of The Economy, Gerald F. Davis

Seattle University Law Review

Our understanding of the American economy often relies on stylized facts derived from mandatory disclosures by listed corporations. Data vendors like Standard & Poor’s vacuum up 10Ks and proxy statements into databases, and scholars distill these into tentative maps. This may have been adequate for a postwar economy centered on asset-heavy manufacturers, but it is increasingly out of step with an information-based economy. Companies listed on the stock market are fewer in number and less representative than they were, light in tangible assets and people, and heavy on IP. Basic facts such as what industry they are in are increasingly …

Foreword: The Geneva Conventions At 75: Need For Innovation, Michael P. Scharf, Annalie Buscarino

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Threshold Of Protection: Examining Non-Refoulement's Erosion In Contemporary Refugee Law Through The Eu-Turkey Agreement, Aya Osman

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis examines the contemporary relevance and practical implementation of the principle of non-refoulement as established in the 1951 Refugee Convention. While this fundamental principle of international refugee law prohibits the return of individuals to countries where they face persecution, torture, or human rights violations, its widespread violation by state parties raises critical questions about its continued effectiveness and the broader validity of the Convention's framework in today's global context. Through a methodological approach combining legal analysis and case studies of state practices, this paper investigates whether the 1951 framework remains valid and in effect when addressing refugee and immigration …

Eye-For-An-Eye: High Compensation Awards Against States As Undue Punishment, David M. Bigge, Jonathan M. White

American University International Law Review

In observing the past several years’ debates regarding reparations under international law, we are reminded of lessons we learned as children in Sunday School. The Jewish and Christian sacred texts address the principle of retributive justice reflected in the Biblical phrase “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” During the early rabbinic period, the great sages grappled with the import of this rule. Jesus famously rejected the rule in favor of mercy: “turn the other cheek.” The rabbis were not as interested in rejecting this rule in its entirety as ensuring that it yielded justice.

El Derecho A La Privacidad Del Pensamiento: Neurotechnología En El Sistema Interamericano De Derechos Humanos, Javier Alejandro Diaz Briceno

American University International Law Review

La historia de la tecnofobia y el ludismo nos enseña que superar el miedo a lo nuevo implica reflexionar sobre cómo enfrentamos las innovaciones pasadas. Mirando hacia atrás, podemos identificar que invenciones o descubrimientos—ahora esenciales—enfrentaron resistencia inicial antes de ser aceptadas de forma general. Por mencionar algunas: los teléfonos, la electricidad, las vacunas, los elevadores, aviones, automóviles, las computadoras y más.

Cyberbullying As A Contemporary Human Rights Violation Of Youth In Digital Media: A Study Of India, Brazil, And South Africa, Laura Ferla Tuma

American University International Law Review

The COVID-19 pandemic facilitated a technological migration not only among adults but also among children and adolescents. Digital media became the alternative for young individuals to maintain their activities, especially school-related ones. They shared virtual classrooms, used the internet for entertainment, and were forced to socialize exclusively in digital environments for months. Connected time increased, and the world witnessed a new phenomenon: hyperconnectivity.

White Paper On The Need To Strengthen International Humanitarian Law To Address The Challenges Of 21st Century Warfare, Cleveland Experts Meeting

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

"On the seventy-fifth anniversary of the Geneva Conventions, thirty leading experts in the field of IHL from around the world gathered at Case Western Reserve University School of Law in Cleveland, Ohio, on September 26, 2024, to discuss whether there is a need to strengthen IHL to address the challenges of 21st century warfare, and how that could best be accomplished. The experts participated in three follow-up meetings over Zoom on October 31, November 7, and November 14, 2024. The participating experts are listed at the end of this document. The experts participated in their personal capacity; the views expressed …

The Geneva Conventions At 75: Need For Innovation (Keynote Address), John Bellinger

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

The Feminicide Epidemic In Brazil: An Analysis Considering The Convention Of Belém Do Pará And The Rome Statute, Suzana Coelho Da Silva

Human Rights Brief

Gender-based violence against women is an issue little discussed both in academia and in various sectors of society. Men in positions of power block any attempts by women to be observed in places of influence and visibility, reflecting a patriarchal society that sees women as inferior, fragile beings incapable of exercising functions that requires intelligence, strength, and rationality.

Humanitarian Interventions On The Crossroads Of Legality And Legitimacy, Asya Gasparyan

Human Rights Brief

In an era marked by persistent geopolitical conflicts and recurring human rights crises, the discourse surrounding humanitarian interventions (“HI”) and the role of the United Nations in this complex arena is of paramount importance. The pressing need to address mass atrocities, including ethnic conflicts and political unrest, highlights the legal and moral dilemmas associated with humanitarian interventions.

How Pretrial Detention Deprives A Child’S Access To Education: The Convention On The Rights Of The Child And The Juvenile Justice Reform Act, Abby Groetsch

Human Rights Brief

Although the United States (“U.S.”) has not ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which specifically outlines the rights of juvenile defendants, the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments provides implicit rights for children accused of criminal acts. In 1967, the Supreme Court decided In re Gault, definitively establishing that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment applied to juvenile defendants. The Supreme Court has also stated that children should be treated differently than adults, outlining different sentencing requirements for crimes committed while a person is under the age of eighteen.

Upholding The Absolute Prohibition Of Torture: Afchpr On Detention In Tanzania, Aly Orvis

Human Rights Brief

On September 3, 2024, the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR) rendered its decision in Habyalimana Augustino and Muburu Abdulkarim v. United Republic of Tanzania. The case involved two Burundian nationals who, as refugees in Tanzania, were implicated in a murder-for-hire scheme. This scheme was allegedly orchestrated by Mama Mboya—the wife of a high ranking commanding officer who suspected the victim of having an affair with her husband. Convicted in 2007, the applicants were sentenced to death by hanging. In their petition to the AfCHPR, they argued that they had been subjected to torture and inhumane conditions at …

Double Standards In The Drug Trade: How European Nations Escape Sanctions While Senegal May Bear The Burden, Erin Soro

American University International Law Review

The focus of international drug control policies on sanctioning transit countries like Senegal for drug trafficking overlooks the significant role played by drug-consuming nations such as France and Spain. Despite a notable decrease in local drug consumption due to democratic progress and strong religious roots, Senegal remains a major transit hub for narcotics destined for Europe. This Comment argues that drug-consuming countries are equally culpable under international law and should face comparable sanctions to effectively address the global drug trade. This Comment highlights the imbalance in sanction implementation and advocates for a more equitable approach, recommending minimal sanctions for Senegal …