Rescuing Trafficking From Ideological Capture: Prostitution Reform And Anti-Trafficking Law And Policy,
2010
American University Washington College of Law
Rescuing Trafficking From Ideological Capture: Prostitution Reform And Anti-Trafficking Law And Policy, Janie Chuang
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
In the decade since it became a priority on the United States' national agenda, the issue of human trafficking has spawned enduring controversy. New legal definitions of “trafficking” were codified in international and U.S. law in 2000, but what conduct qualifies as “trafficking” remains hotly contested. Despite shared moral outrage over the plight of trafficked persons, debates over whether trafficking encompasses voluntary prostitution continue to rend the anti-trafficking advocacy community - and are as intractable as debates over abortion and other similarly contentious social issues. Attempts to equate trafficking with slavery invite both disdain and favor: they are often rejected …
The Evictions At Nyamuma: Struggles Over Land And The Limits Of Human Rights Advocacy In Tanzania,
2010
Osgoode Hall Law School of York University
The Evictions At Nyamuma: Struggles Over Land And The Limits Of Human Rights Advocacy In Tanzania, Ruth Buchanan, Kerry Rittich, Helen Kijo-Bisimba
Articles & Book Chapters
The event which gave rise to the inquiry in this paper occurred in a village known as Remaining Nyamuma which was located on the border of the Ikorongo Game Reserve, immediately adjacent to the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania. Sometime in October of 2001, district officials informed the villagers by loudspeaker that they must leave the area and return to their original villages within four days. Two days after the notice period had ended, the District Commissioner himself set fire to a house belonging to one of the villagers, initiating a violent eviction of the villagers by the burning of …
Making Social Rights Conditional: Lessons From India,
2010
Columbia Law School
Making Social Rights Conditional: Lessons From India, Madhav Khosla
Faculty Scholarship
Recent years have witnessed important advancements in the discussion on social rights. The South African experience with social rights has revealed how such rights can be protected without providing for an individualized remedy. Comparative constitutional lawyers now debate the promise of the South African approach, and the possibility of weak-form judicial review in social rights cases. This article considers the Indian experience with social rights, and explains how it exhibits a new form of social rights adjudication. This is the adjudication of a conditional social right; an approach that displays a rare private law model of public law adjudication. This …
The United States And Human Rights Treaties: Race Relations, The Cold War, And Constitutionalism,
2010
Duke Law School
The United States And Human Rights Treaties: Race Relations, The Cold War, And Constitutionalism, Curtis A. Bradley
Faculty Scholarship
The United States prides itself on being a champion of human rights and pressures other countries to improve their human rights practices, and yet appears less willing than other nations to embrace international human rights treaties. Many commentators attribute this phenomenon to the particular historical context that existed in the late 1940s and early 1950s when human rights treaties were first being developed. These commentators especially emphasize the race relations of the time, noting that some conservatives resisted the developing human rights regime because they saw it as an effort by the federal government to extend its authority to address …
Foreign Sovereign Immunity, Individual Officials, And Human Rights Litigation,
2010
Duke Law School
Foreign Sovereign Immunity, Individual Officials, And Human Rights Litigation, Curtis A. Bradley, Jack L. Goldsmith
Faculty Scholarship
For thirty years, international human rights litigation in U.S. courts has developed with little attention to a lurking doctrinal objection to the entire enterprise. The paradigm international human rights case involves a suit against a foreign government official for alleged abuses committed abroad under color of state law. A potentially dispositive objection to this litigation is foreign sovereign immunity. The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) creates presumptive immunity for foreign states and has no exception that would cover human rights cases. Many courts have assumed that the FSIA has no relevance to human rights suits as long as they are …
Foreign Sovereign Immunity And Domestic Officer Suits,
2010
Duke Law School
Foreign Sovereign Immunity And Domestic Officer Suits, Curtis A. Bradley, Jack L. Goldsmith
Faculty Scholarship
Under international law, official-capacity suits brought against a foreign state’s officers are treated as suits against the state itself and thus as subject to the state’s immunity, even in suits alleging human rights abuses. This immunity regime differs from the immunity regime that applies in the United States in suits brought against state and federal officials for violations of federal law. Despite the federal government’s sovereign immunity and the immunity of state governments under Eleventh Amendment jurisprudence, courts often allow suits against federal and state officers for their official actions. This essay attempts to explain why the immunity rules differ …
Human Rights And Intellectual Property: Mapping The Global Interface,
2010
Duke Law School
Human Rights And Intellectual Property: Mapping The Global Interface, Laurence R. Helfer, Graeme W. Austin
Faculty Scholarship
Human Rights and Intellectual Property: Mapping the Global Interface explores the intersections between intellectual property and human rights law and policy. The relationship between these two fields has captured the attention of governments, policymakers, and activist communities in a diverse array of international and domestic political and judicial venues. These actors often raise human rights arguments as counterweights to the expansion of intellectual property in areas including freedom of expression, public health, education, privacy, agriculture, and the rights of indigenous peoples. At the same time, the creators and owners of intellectual property are asserting a human rights justification for the …
Enhancing Enforcement Of Economic, Social, And Cultural Rights Using Indicators: A Focus On The Right To Education In The Icescr,
2010
Cornell Law School
Enhancing Enforcement Of Economic, Social, And Cultural Rights Using Indicators: A Focus On The Right To Education In The Icescr, Sital Kalantry, Jocelyn E. Getgen, Steven A. Koh
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
Nearly fifteen years ago, Audrey Chapman emphasized the importance of ascertaining violations of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) as a means to enhance its enforcement. Today, this violations approach is even more salient given the recent adoption of the Optional Protocol to the ICESCR. This article focuses on the right to education in the ICESCR to illustrate how indicators can be employed to ascertain treaty compliance and violations. Indicators are important to enforcing economic, social, and cultural rights because they assist in measuring progressive realization. The methodology that we propose calls for: 1) analyzing the …
A Behavioral Approach To Human Rights,
2010
University of Kentucky College of Law
A Behavioral Approach To Human Rights, Andrew K. Woods
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
For the last sixty years, scholars and practitioners of international human rights have paid insufficient attention to the ground level social contexts in which human rights norms are imbued with or deprived of social meaning. During the same time period, social science insights have shown that social conditions can have a significant impact on human behavior. This Article is the first to investigate the far-ranging implications of behavioralism—especially behavioral insights about social influence—for the international human rights regime. It explores design implications for three broad components of the regime: the content, adjudication, and implementation of human rights. In addition, the …
Introduction: Gats And Human Rights,
2010
Loyola University Chicago, School of Law
Introduction: Gats And Human Rights, James T. Gathii
Faculty Publications & Other Works
No abstract provided.
Citizenship Privilege Or The Right To Religious Freedom: The Blackmailing Of France's Islamic Women,
2010
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Citizenship Privilege Or The Right To Religious Freedom: The Blackmailing Of France's Islamic Women, Yael Barbibay
Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law
The note examines the tension between France's commitment to laïcité and the rights of Islamic immigrants, particularly women, to religious freedom and cultural identity. It critiques the denial of citizenship to Faiza Mabchour, arguing that such decisions reflect a broader effort to suppress Islamic practices and undermine pluralism. The analysis contends that France's rigid application of laïcité violates international human rights norms, particularly the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). The article advocates for a more inclusive approach to citizenship that balances secularism with religious freedom and cultural diversity.
Embedded International Law And The Constitution Abroad,
2010
Columbia Law School
Embedded International Law And The Constitution Abroad, Sarah H. Cleveland
Faculty Scholarship
This Essay explores the role of "embedded" international law in U.S. constitutional interpretation, in the context of extraterritorial application of the Constitution. Traditional U.S. understandings of the Constitution's application abroad were informed by nineteenth-century international law principles of jurisdiction, which largely limited the authority of a sovereign state to its geographic territory. Both international law and constitutional law since have developed significantly away from strictly territorial understandings of governmental authority, however. Modern international law principles of jurisdiction and state responsibility now recognize that states legitimately may exercise power in a number of extraterritorial contexts, and that legal obligations may apply …
Reimagining Human Rights Law: Toward Global Regulation Of Transnational Corporations,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law
Reimagining Human Rights Law: Toward Global Regulation Of Transnational Corporations, Rachel J. Anderson
Scholarly Works
This article takes a new look at a perennial question of human rights: how to prevent corporate-related human rights abuses and provide remedies for victims. It argues that transnational corporations require specialized and targeted regulations and laws, and that the conflation of human rights law and international human rights law should be reversed to allow the advancement of other forms of human rights law. It makes two proposals. First, reimagine human rights law and international human rights law as separate categories. Specifically, classify international human rights law as a sub-category of human rights law. This distinction highlights the need to …
Holding The World Bank Accountable For The Leakage Of Funds From Africa's Health Sector,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law
Holding The World Bank Accountable For The Leakage Of Funds From Africa's Health Sector, Fatma E. Marouf
Scholarly Works
This article explores the accountability of international financial institutions (IFIs), such as the World Bank, for human rights violations related to the massive leakage of funds from sub-Saharan Africa’s health sector. The article begins by summarizing the quantitative results of Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys performed in six African countries, all showing disturbingly high levels of leakage in the health sector. It then addresses the inadequacy of good governance and anticorruption programs in remedying this problem. After explaining how the World Bank’s Inspection Panel may serve as an accountability mechanism for addressing the leakage of funds, discussing violations of specific Bank …
Promoting Distributional Equality For Women: Some Thoughts On Gender And Global Corporate Citizenship In Foreign Direct Investment,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law
Promoting Distributional Equality For Women: Some Thoughts On Gender And Global Corporate Citizenship In Foreign Direct Investment, Rachel J. Anderson
Scholarly Works
This essay applies a legal theory of global corporate citizenship to the question of women’s distributional equality in foreign direct investment. It proposes ways that a legal theory of mandatory global corporate citizenship can expand the ways we think about regulating transnational corporations and promoting gender equality.
Refugee Credibility Assessment And The “Religious Imposter” Problem,
2010
University of Nevada, Las Vegas -- William S. Boyd School of Law
Refugee Credibility Assessment And The “Religious Imposter” Problem, Michael Kagan
Scholarly Works
Credibility assessment in refugee status determination (RSD) poses unique challenges when the outcome of asylum applications turns on the question of whether an asylum seeker is actually a member of a persecuted religious minority. These cases require secular adjudicators to delve into matters of religious identity and faith that are, by their nature, subjective and beyond the realm of objective analysis. This Article explores practical means of addressing this challenge through a case study of the RSD interviews of Eritrean asylum seekers in Egypt who based their refugee claims on Pentecostal religious associations. Analysis of the interview methods used in …
A Dark Descent Into Reality: Making The Case For An Objective Definition Of Torture,
2010
Washington and Lee University School of Law
A Dark Descent Into Reality: Making The Case For An Objective Definition Of Torture, Michael W. Lewis
Washington and Lee Law Review
The definition of torture is broken. The malleability of the term "severe pain or suffering" at the heart of the definition has created a situation in which the world agrees on the words but cannot agree on their meaning. The "V know it when I see it" nature of the discussion of torture makes it clear that the definition is largely left to the eye of the beholder. This is particularly problematic when international Law's reliance on self-enforcement is considered After discussing current misconceptions about intelligence gathering and coercion that are common to all sides of the torture debate, this …
No Shortcuts On Human Rights: Bail And The International Criminal Trial,
2010
Willamette University, College of Law
No Shortcuts On Human Rights: Bail And The International Criminal Trial, Caroline L. Davidson
American University Law Review
No abstract provided.
Torture And The Interrogation Of Detainees,
2010
Campbell University School of Law
Torture And The Interrogation Of Detainees, James P. Terry
Campbell Law Review
Following the September 11, 2001, attack on the United States by al Qaeda, the United States captured a number of "high value" detainees who were believed to have knowledge of imminent terrorist threats against our nation and its allies. CIA operatives, who understood that the use of torture is unlawful under both international and domestic law, and above all, is abhorrent to American values, interrogated the high value detainees. The United States rejects torture as a means to garner information - a fact reflected in our domestic criminal law, but also by the country's signature on the United Nations Convention …
Culture-Based Crimes Against Women In Societies Absorbing Immigrants - Rejecting The "Mistake Of Law" Defense And Imposing Harsher Sentencing,
2010
Michigan State University College of Law
Culture-Based Crimes Against Women In Societies Absorbing Immigrants - Rejecting The "Mistake Of Law" Defense And Imposing Harsher Sentencing, Gabriel Hallevy
Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice
The article argues that the mistake of law defense is irrelevant in cases of culture-based crimes against women, particularly honor killings, committed by immigrants in Western societies. It asserts that such crimes, often justified by cultural preservation, warrant harsher sentencing rather than leniency due to cultural ignorance. The analysis distinguishes between first-generation immigrants and refugees, emphasizing that refugees should not receive special treatment in legal accountability. The article advocates for stricter legal measures to address these crimes and minimize their occurrence.
