European Law Commons^™

Reforming Surveillance Law: The Swiss Model., Susan Freiwald, Sylvain Méille

Susan Freiwald

As implemented over the past twenty-seven years, the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (“ECPA”), which regulates electronic surveillance by law enforcement agents, has become incomplete, confusing, and ineffective. In contrast, a new Swiss law, CrimPC, regulates law enforcement surveillance in a more comprehensive, uniform, and effective manner. This Article compares the two approaches and argues that recent proposals to reform ECPA in a piecemeal fashion will not suffice. Instead, Swiss CrimPC presents a model for more fundamental reform of U.S. law.

This Article is the first to analyze the Swiss law with international eyes and demonstrate its advantages over the U.S. …

Understanding Law As Normative Patterns In A Normative Field, Ann Numhauser-Henning

Ann Numhauser-Henning

This book explores the normative and legal evolution of the Social Dimension of the EU - labour law, social security law and family law - in both the EU and its Member States, during the last decade. It does this from a wide range of theoretical and legal-substantive perspectives. The past decade has witnessed the entering into force of the Lisbon Treaty and its emphasis on fundamental rights, a new coordination regulation within the field of social security (Regulation 883/2004/EC), and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the so-called Laval Quartet. Furthermore structural …

Normative Patterns And Legal Developments In The Social Dimension Of The Eu, Ann Numhauser-Henning, Mia Rönnmar

Ann Numhauser-Henning

This book explores the normative and legal evolution of the Social Dimension of the EU - labour law, social security law and family law - in both the EU and its Member States, during the last decade. It does this from a wide range of theoretical and legal-substantive perspectives. The past decade has witnessed the entering into force of the Lisbon Treaty and its emphasis on fundamental rights, a new coordination regulation within the field of social security (Regulation 883/2004/EC), and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the so-called Laval Quartet. Furthermore structural …

Introduction, Ann Numhauser-Henning

Ann Numhauser-Henning

This book explores the normative and legal evolution of the Social Dimension of the EU - labour law, social security law and family law - in both the EU and its Member States, during the last decade. It does this from a wide range of theoretical and legal-substantive perspectives. The past decade has witnessed the entering into force of the Lisbon Treaty and its emphasis on fundamental rights, a new coordination regulation within the field of social security (Regulation 883/2004/EC), and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the so-called Laval Quartet. Furthermore structural …

The Right To Effective Remedies And Procedural Guarantees For People In Need Of International Protection, Eleni Karageorgiou

Eleni Karageorgiou

The Eu Ban On Age-Discrimination And Older Workers: Potentials And Pitfalls, Ann Numhauser-Henning

Ann Numhauser-Henning

No abstract provided.

Compulsory Retirement And Age Discrimination - The Swedish Hörnfeldt Case Put In Perspective, Ann Numhauser-Henning, Mia Rönnar

Ann Numhauser-Henning

No abstract provided.

Using Sustainability Criteria For Biofuels In A Legal Context - An Analysis Based On The Eu Policy For Transport Biofuels, Evgenia Pavlovskaia

Evgenia Pavlovskaia

Sustainable quality of biofuels and their production methods should be seen as a part of the wider concept “sustainability”. Sustainability of biofuels should be measured in relation to resources and possibilities that the Earth can supply us with. This presentation focuses on sustainability criteria in their function to promote sustainability in a legal context, followed by the analysis of the binding EU regulations for transport biofuels as an example. Two main issues are examined: - the concept of sustainability criteria, special features of their use in law and aspects relevant for their practical implementation, and - the issue of control …

The Principles Of Constitutional Government In The European Union, Giorgi Alasania

Giorgi Alasania

Principles And Rules In The Emerging European Contract Law: From The Pecl To The Cesl, And Beyond, Pietro Sirena

Pietro Sirena

Legal principles play an important role in any system of law. Following the ECJ, the Treaties of the European Union have embraced the concept of "principles of law", mainly as a means to guarantee individual and human rights in public and constitutional law. More recently, however, the ECJ has come to recognize as "general principles" private law and contract law norms and values. Furthermore, the notion of "principles" has played a key-role in impressive unification works which are aimed at promoting harmonization of national laws in Europe, such as the PECL and the DCFR. The proposed CESL also opens with …

Civil Asset Recovery: The American Experience, Stefan D. Cassella

Stefan D Cassella

The article traces the American experience with the civil, or non-conviction-based, forfeiture of the proceeds and instruments of crime, with an eye toward how that experience might inform the drafting of similar legislation in the non-common law countries of the European Union.

La Mise En Oeuvre De La Directive 2005/29/Ce Sur Les Pratiques Commerciales Déloyales : Les Consommateurs Vulnerables Sont-Ils Suffisamment Protégés?, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

Directive 2005/29/EC approximates the laws of the Member States on unfair commercial practices, including unfair advertising, which directly harm consumers' economic interests and thereby indirectly harm the economic interests of legitimate competitors. In order to ease the application and interpretation of this Directive, the European Commission has published the following documents: the Communication to the European Parliament, the Council and the European Economic and Social Committee “On the application of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive: Achieving a high level of consumer protection - Building trust in the Internal Market”; and the First Report on the application of Directive 2005/29/EC of …

Los Estados Miembros De La Ue Como Gestores De Los Controles Oficiales Relativos A La Seguridad De Los Alimentos, La Salud Y El Bienestar De Los Animales Y La Fitosanidad, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

Article 44 (4) and (6) of Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004 requires the Commission to establish, and submit to the European Parliament and Council, an annual report on the overall operation of controls in the Member States in the light of: (a) the annual reports submitted by the national authorities on their control activities; (b) Commission controls carried out in the Member States; and (c) any other relevant information. The Report on the overall operation of official controls in the Member States on food safety, animal health and animal welfare, and plant health [COM(2013)681] is the third such report submitted by …

"La Directiva 1999/44/Ce Sobre La Venta Y Las Garantías De Los Bienes De Consumo Y La Polémica Aplicación De La Armonización Mínima En El Ámbito Del Derecho Del Consumo", Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

En este artículo se analiza de qué modo el legislador comunitario ha regulado determinados aspectos de la venta y las garantías de los bienes de consumo y se propone cómo podría modificarse dicha regulación para proteger más eficazmente al consumidor.

The European Commission Proposal To Simplify, Rationalise And Standardise Food Controls, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

The European Commission Proposal to Simplify, Rationalise and Standardise Food Controls: Towards a New Concept of “Food Law” in the EU? There is no doubt that ensuring a high level of health for humans is a leading objective of the European Union (EU): This was set by the Treaty, has been declared unequivocally by the Community legislator and has been repeatedly confirmed by the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU).

"El Tjue Aporta Una Nueva Precisión Sobre El Concepto ‘Declaración De Reducción Del Riesgo De Enfermedad’ En El Etiquetado Alimentario: La Sentencia 'Green – Swan' De 18 De Julio De 2013", Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

El Reglamento (UE) nº 1924/2006 armoniza las disposiciones legales, reglamentarias y administrativas de los Estados miembros referentes a las declaraciones nutricionales y las relativas a la salud a fin de garantizar el funcionamiento eficaz del mercado interior y, al mismo tiempo, tiende a proporcionar un alto nivel de protección del consumidor. En 2012, el 'Nejvyšší správní soud' (Tribunal Supremo Administrativo de la República Checa) remitió al TJUE un petición de decisión prejudicial referente a la interpretación de varios artículos de dicha normativa comunitaria. El órgano jurisdiccional remitente preguntaba, en particular, si el artículo 2, apartado 2, número 6, del citado …

"La Directiva Ue Sobre Las Prácticas Comerciales Desleales: Una Cosa Es Predicar Y Otra Dar Trigo...", Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

No abstract provided.

“La Nueva Regulación Del Etiquetado De Los Alimentos En La Ue: ¿Estamos Preparados Para El Día 'D', El 13 De Diciembre De 2014?”, Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

El Reglamento (UE) n° 1169/2011 del Parlamento Europeo y el Consejo modifica las disposiciones actualmente aplicables en la Unión, a fin asegurar que los consumidores pueden decidir bien orientados a la hora de elegir los productos alimenticios que consumen y que tal utilización sea segura, a la vez que se garantiza la libre circulación de los alimentos legalmente producidos y comercializados. Dicho Reglamento entró en vigor el 12 de diciembre de 2011 y se aplicará a más tardar el 13 de diciembre de 2014. Siguiendo una práctica ya habitual, la DG SANCO ha publicado un documento (“Questions and Answers on …

"¿Resultan Comprensibles Para Los Consumidores Las Declaraciones Relativas A La Salud Que, En Virtud Del Reglamento (Ue) Nº 1924/2006, Pueden Figurar En Las Etiquetas De Los Alimentos?", Luis González Vaqué

Luis González Vaqué

El Reglamento (CE) nº 1924/2006 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo relativo a las declaraciones nutricionales y de propiedades saludables en los alimentos establece reglas armonizadas sobre la utilización de dichas declaraciones. De este modo contribuye a alcanzar un alto nivel de protección de los consumidores. Su objetivo es lograr que las alegaciones que figuren en el etiquetado de los alimentos comercializados en la UE sean claras, precisas y fundamentadas a fin de que los consumidores puedan tomar adecuadamente decisiones disponiendo de una información efectiva.

Comparative Antitrust Federalism: Review Of Cengiz, Antitrust Federalism In The Eu And The Us, Herbert J. Hovenkamp

All Faculty Scholarship

This brief essay reviews Firat Cengiz’s book Antitrust Federalism in the EU and the US (2012), which compares the role of federalism in the competition law of the European Union and the United States. Both of these systems are “federal,” of course, because both have individual nation-states (Europe) or states (US) with their own individual competition provisions, but also an overarching competition law that applies to the entire group. This requires a certain amount of cooperation with respect to both territorial reach and substantive coverage.

Cengiz distinguishes among “markets,” “hierarchies,” and “networks” as forms of federalism. Markets are the least …