Environmental Law Commons^™

Restating Environmental Law, Joel A. Mintz

Faculty Scholarship

Although environmental law springs from deep roots in centuries of common law, during the last forty years in particular it has grown into a well-established and important legal field in the United States with enormous practical consequences. Maturity, however, has also made it notoriously complex, and environmental law’s overlapping statutory schemes and inconsistent federal and state programs have sparked recurring conflict, controversy, and criticism.

The Struggle Over The Columbia River Gorge: Establishing And Governing The Country's Largest Scenic Area, Michael C. Blumm, Nathan J. Baker

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

This review first considers the historical conditions that coalesced in the late 1970s into the movement calling for federal protection of the Gorge. It then discusses the unlikely and convoluted scenario in which Congress passed and President Ronald Reagan signed into law the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Act in 1986.14 The review then turns to the institutions responsible for implementing the statute: the bi-state Columbia River Gorge Commission; the U.S. Forest Service; six county governments; those agencies’ chief watchdog, the persistent and influential Friends of the Columbia Gorge; and the state legislatures, which control the Commission’s budgets. It …

Washington Environmental Law In Review, Robert Sykes

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

This annual publication from the Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy provides a summary of recent developments in Washington State environmental law. This Year in Review summarizes laws passed during the 2013-2014 legislative session and environmental case law decided the Washington State Supreme Court from late 2013 to late 2014. The court and legislature addressed several important environmental issues this year, including timber and water rights, renewable energy, air quality, and agency reporting requirements. The author reviewed these developments in Washington environmental law and summarized those determined to be most significant. All agencies referred to are Washington agencies. The …

Making 'Conservation' Work For The 21st Century: Enabling Resilient Place, Jerrold A. Long

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

During the New Deal, as part of a larger effort implementing Progressive-Era “conservation” regimes, the federal government authorized the structurally-invasive Flood Control Act of 1936. At the same time, the Standard State Soil Conservation Districts Law promoted the creation of local, place-based efforts to protect or restore locally-valued resources. “Conservation” thus came to signify both the invasive, structural, engineering approach of mid-20th Century flood control, and the local, more responsive and flexible nature of soil conservation districts. But our understandings of our place in the natural world have changed subtly but significantly over the past century. Any legitimate natural resource …

Wilderness: Good For Alaska. Legal And Economic Perspectives On Alaska's Wilderness, E. Barrett Ristroph, Anwar Hussain

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

This article addresses the legal framework for Wilderness in Alaska, which has more land within the National Wilderness Preservation System than any other state, as well as the economic impacts and valuation of wildlands. Wilderness management in Alaska is subject to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, which aims to ensure that rural Alaskans can use wildlife resources to sustain customary and traditional ways of life. The values of Wilderness range from direct economic benefits and revenue generated from recreation to passive values that are measured by the public’s willingness to pay for preservation. While there are challenges to …

The Failure Of Washington's Fish Consumption Rate: How It Affects Residents, The Economy, And The Environmental Protection Agency, Jenna Zwang

Washington Journal of Environmental Law & Policy

Washington’s fish consumption rate has remained unchanged since the 1980s, and now environmental groups are calling foul. While abiding by the State’s current rate, which is one of the lowest consumption rates in the nation, Washington industries are able to dump higher levels of carcinogenic materials into local waterways. However, the health risks that these toxic chemicals pose to Washington residents may pose liability issues for the state if the rate is not effectively changed. Washington has begun looking towards neighboring Oregon as a model for reframing the fish consumption rate discussion, but their proposal does not go far enough.

Clogging The Pipeline: Exploring The D.C. Circuit's Improper Segmentation Analysis In Delaware Riverkeeper Network V. Ferc, Mary-Kaitlin E. Rigney

American University Law Review

Technological advancement in drilling techniques, primarily hydraulic fracturing, has provided access to previously unreachable natural gas reserves. Much of this increase in natural gas production is derived from the Marcellus Shale, a shale formation that spans Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and New York. This surge in natural gas production has prompted natural gas pipeline companies to upgrade their pipeline networks. Pipeline companies must apply for certificates of public convenience and necessity from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and, if approved, perform an environmental evaluation, as required by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). In examining the environmental impacts of …

Illinois’S Hydraulic Fracturing Regulatory Act: A Successful Compromise, 49 J. Marshall L. Rev. 315 (2015), Jennifer Cassel

UIC Law Review

This article briefly discusses the history of legislative action and negotiations that led up to the negotiation and promulgation of the Illinois Hydraulic Fracturing Regulatory Act (the Act) in June 2013. It also summarizes and discusses numerous provisions in the Act that were of particular interest to environmental groups engaged in negotiating the Act, as well as the Act’s implementing regulations finalized in November 2014. Finally, it provides a brief discussion of the status of fracking activity in Illinois right now and a forecast for the near future.

The Role Of Natural Gas In The Clean Power Plan, 49 J. Marshall L. Rev. 325 (2015), Lincoln Davies, Victoria Luman

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Fracking: The Unconventional Energy Response To Climate Change: Implications For The Real Estate Industry, 49 J. Marshall L. Rev. 449 (2015), Celeste Hammond

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Underbalanced Drilling: Can It Solve The Economic, Environmental And Regulatory Taking Problems Associated With Fracking? 49 J. Marshall L. Rev. 511 (2015), Richard Roddewig, W. James Hughes

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Insufficiency Of The Musical Instrument Passport Program Under Cites And The Lacey Act: The Need For A Centralized Wood Title Certification System For Manufactured Wood Products And Wooden Musical Instruments, 48 J. Marshall L. Rev. 495 (2015), Joseph Furlett

UIC Law Review

This comment begins with overviews of the Lacey Act, the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA). The purpose of this background information is to provide context for the recent creation of a “passport” system for musical instruments to protect them from confiscation based on violations of CITES and the Lacey Act. This comment will then analyze the inherent flaws in the current passport system and describe the difficulties facing corporations and individual consumers as they try to navigate current laws that affect musical instruments. This …

Cleaning Up Jurisdiction: Divining Congressional Intent Of Clean Air Act Section 307(B), Kevin O. Leske

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

A Primer: Air And Water Environmental Quality Standards In The United State, Jason J. Czarnezki, Siu Tip Lam, Nadia B. Ahmad

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Lived Experiences Of Limited English Proficiency, Spanish-Speaking Male Ex-Offenders, Paula Nery Sanchez

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Spanish-speaking men in the United States with limited English proficiency following their release from prison. The study specifically examined the experiences of these men in their efforts to access health care treatment, housing, education, and employment in Central Pennsylvania. An empirical, phenomenological research design was employed that used self-stigma, critical race, and self-determination theories for in-depth interviews with 8 men who spent 5 to 24 years in prison. A tiered coding method was used to generate 6 interconnected themes that tell the story of these men's lives: …

Correlations Between Childhood Obesity And Obesogenic Environmental Variables Within Durham County, North Carolina, Eureka Capri Daye

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The application of geographic information systems was used to map obesogenic conditions by zip code tabulation areas in Durham County, North Carolina and evaluated associations between those conditions and the understudied area of early childhood obesity. Of the thirty one percent of the children in Durham County, North Carolina who were considered obese in 2010, four hundred and thirty three (1:5) 2 - 4 year old children who received supplemental nutrition services for women, infants and children were obese with BMI levels greater or equal to the 95th percentile and were used as the criterion variable in the study (N=433). …

Land Use And Climate Change Bubbles: Resilience, Retreat, And Due Diligence, John R. Nolon

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This Article examines events on the ground in several localities where climate change is lowering property values and analyzes how those changes in value can be reckoned with by regulators. It merges practices and principles of real estate transactions and finance with those of land use and environmental regulation.

Climate change is a planetary phenomenon whose environmental implications are far-reaching. Reports on climate change consequences increasingly focus on what is happening locally and presently, while speculation continues about long-term global consequences. In numerous communities, property values are declining because of repeated flooding, continued threats of storm surges, sustained high temperatures, …

New York City Rules! Regulatory Models For Environmental And Public Health, Jason J. Czarnezki

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

Scholars have become increasingly interested in facilitating improvement in environmental and public health at the local level. Over the last few years, former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and the New York City Council have proposed and adopted numerous environmental and public health initiatives, providing a useful case study for analyzing the development and success (or failure) of various regulatory tools, and offering larger lessons about regulation that can be extrapolated to other substantive areas. This Article, first, seeks to categorize and evaluate these “New York Rules,” creating a new taxonomy to understand different types of regulation. These “New …

Regulating Farming: Balancing Food Safety And Environmental Protection In A Cooperative Governance Regime, Margot J. Pollans

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

After providing a brief overview of regulation in each area, Part I of this Article identifies three types of discordance between produce safety and environmental protection on farms. First, because of limited resources, farmers will have to choose between implementing food safety practices and implementing environmental practices. Second, indirect trade-offs between the two regulatory goals result in damaging collateral consequences for the environment. Food safety regulation may exacerbate a range of existing environmental harms. Third, there is at least one direct clash that may make compliance with food safety law incompatible with participation in certain environmental programs. Part I also …

Plain Meaning, Precedent, And Metaphysics: Interpreting The “Navigable Waters” Element Of The Federal Water Pollution Offense, Jeffrey G. Miller

Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications

This Article, the third in a series of five, examines the meaning of “navigable waters” under the Clean Water Act. It traces the traditional judicial interpretation of navigable waters and how Congress and EPA attempted to extend its meaning, then examines how the term has been applied in the context of tributaries and wetlands, isolated waters, groundwater, and EPA’s unitary theory of navigable waters. The author then analyzes EPA and the Corps’ 2014 proposed amendments to the definition of “waters of the United States,” and concludes that those amendments may resolve much of the interpretive crisis.