Environmental Law Commons^™

Constrained Regulatory Exit In Energy Law, Jim Rossi

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

In recent years, the federal government’s efforts to open up competitive electricity markets have transformed how we think about the regulation of energy. In many respects, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s (FERC) broad “deregulatory” efforts, which commenced in the 1990s, might appear to be a case of paradigmatic regulatory exit as defined by J.B. Ruhl and Jim Salzman. But our case study of FERC’s restructuring of wholesale electricity markets reveals some important institutional features that make exit in federalism contexts, and under federal statutory duties, a rich and difficult problem. In the context of energy, exit from one regulatory sphere …

Keynote: Motivating Private Climate Governance: The Role Of The Efficiency Gap, Michael P. Vandenbergh

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

In response to the shrinking federal role in environmental protection, many policy advocates have focused on the role of states and cities, but this symposium focuses on another important source of sustainability initiatives: the private sector, including corporations, households, civic and cultural organizations, religious organizations, private hospitals, colleges and universities, and other organizations. States, cities, and local governments are increasingly important, but the limited geographic reach of subnational governments and widespread concerns about the size and intrusiveness of the public sector constrain their ability to address many environmental problems. Private governance initiatives offer an opportunity to bypass concerns about big …

Free Trade, Fair Trade, And Selective Enforcement, Timothy Meyer

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

The 2016 presidential election was one of the most divisive in recent memory, but it produced a surprising bipartisan consensus. Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and Bernie Sanders all agreed that U.S. trade agreements should be, but are not, “fair.” Although only achieving broad consensus recently, the critique that U.S. trade agreements are unfair has been around for decades. Since 1992, much of this fairness critique has focused on ensuring that trade liberalization does not undermine non-commercial values, such as environmental protection and labor conditions. Beginning with the negotiation and ratification of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the …

Rewired Infrastructure Post-Paris, Steven Ferrey

Suffolk University Law School Faculty Works

The Trump Administration announced in 2017 that it is withdrawing the U.S. from the international Paris Agreement regarding climate change which went into full effect in 2016. More than half the states sued the EPA when it promulgated the Clean Power Plan (CPP) to reduce power sector carbon emissions by 32 percent by 2030; thereafter, the Supreme Court stayed enforcement of the regulation, pending eventual review on the merits. The Trump Administration began efforts to repeal the Obama Administration CPP which was designed to satisfy the U.S. Paris Agreement commitments to curb CO2 emissions from burning coal to generate electric …

Water Supply Planning In Virginia: The Future Of Groundwater And Surface Water, Jonathon Lubrano, Jeffrey Moore

Virginia Coastal Policy Center

This paper begins by exploring the current state of water resources planning and permitting. Then, considers current water demand in Virginia, as well as future challenges. Next is an examination of management structures from other states and a discussion of potential solutions to the water scarcity issue, including wastewater purification, the Hampton Roads Sanitation District’s (HRSD) Sustainable Water Initiative For Tomorrow (SWIFT) project, and desalination. The paper concludes with various next steps and policy recommendations that the Commonwealth should consider as dwindling water resources could hamper economic growth and threaten drought conditions, such as regional planning to achieve the optimal …

Increasing Living Shoreline Implementation In Virginia: Legal And Policy Recommendations, Christopher Antoine

Virginia Coastal Policy Center

When living shorelines are correctly implemented, they can provide a number of benefits to landowners, localities, and the state. Based on that knowledge, in 2011, the Virginia General Assembly codified a preference for the use of living shorelines in tidal shoreline stabilization projects to facilitate a greater realization of those benefits. Despite the statutory preference, much of Virginia’s tidal shoreline may not be realizing the benefits associated with living shorelines. A recent report from the Center for Coastal Resources Management (CCRM) at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science indicated that, in a sample of coastal Virginia localities from 2014-2016, as …

International Law And Policy Considerations For Shipping's Contribution To Climate Change Mitigation, Aldo Chircop, Meinhard Doelle, Ryan Gauvin

Reports & Public Policy Documents

This report investigates the international law and policy challenges to the determination of the international shipping industry's contribution to climate change mitigation efforts through the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a specialized agency of the United Nations and the competent intergovernmental organization with respect to shipping in international law. The report sets out the international legal framework that serves as context for the IMO efforts, the challenge of regulating greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping and the process and issues in determining the industry's 'fair share' of mitigation efforts and potential legal pathways. The report concludes with general, policy and legal …

Micro-Housing: Seattle’S Contradictory Approach To Affordable, Sustainable Housing, Nick Quijas

Seattle Journal of Environmental Law

Seattle, along with many other cities, is facing a housing crisis the likes of which it hasn't seen in at least half a century. A lack of affordable housing is exacerbating a homelessness crisis, and is arguably contributing to sprawl. In the face of all of this, Seattle has allowed one of the densest housing options to become economically unfeasible to build at an affordable rate.

Addressing The Prior Appropriation Doctrine In The Shadow Of Climate Change And The Paris Climate Agreement, Kait Schilling

Seattle Journal of Environmental Law

Climate change is the new lens through which the world needs to view water. Such a viewpoint is prudent, as the western United States is in a state of water scarcity that requires a reevaluation of how fresh water resources are being used. Western states have entrenched themselves in a system of prior appropriation that ensures senior water users retain priority over, and protection from the impacts of, new water users. Unfortunately, allocating new water rights under prior appropriation has become difficult as streams are increasingly fully appropriated with no new water rights allocations available. Climate change is exacerbating this …

Freshwater Reservoirs: Global Warming’S Best Kept Secret, Beau Baily

Seattle Journal of Environmental Law

Fresh water reservoir construction involves the decomposition of plants that were previously able to absorb greenhouse gas and prevent its release into the atmosphere. With these plants no longer able to absorb greenhouse gas, it is released into the atmosphere, making freshwater reservoirs a source of global warming. Due to an increasing demand for clean energy, countries are planning and constructing dams at unprecedented rates. With dams come reservoirs. While hydroelectric energy is clean energy, the methods used to harness that clean energy create environmental problems that contribute to global warming. Ironically, this hydroelectric boom could do more harm than …

The Controversy Over Permit-Exempt Wells In Washington, Jean O. Melious

Seattle Journal of Environmental Law

In a groundbreaking 2016 decision commonly referred to as the Hirst decision, the Washington State Supreme Court recognized the interrelationship between land use and water use. The Court held that the state’s Growth Management Act required local governments to protect water resources through measures ensuring that new development would not deprive senior water users of their water rights. The decision focused on development relying on permit-exempt wells. Permit-exempt wells reflect a pioneer mentality that encourages dispersed development by allowing rural property owners and developers to appropriate water without obtaining a permit. Permit-exempt wells are subject to the state law of …

Setting The Table For An International Environmental Agreement: A Beginner's Guide To Negotiating Mandates, Susan Biniaz

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

You may be an experienced negotiator of international environmental agreements. Or you may be new to the field and excited to negotiate your very first one. In both cases, you know your precedents, helped craft your government’s positions, and are anxious to get started. But wait … before you negotiate the agreement, you will need to navigate the mandate.

A mandate launches the negotiation of an international environmental instrument and sets forth its terms of reference, both procedural (such as where and when it will take place) and substantive (such as what the instrument should address). It is generally issued …

Climate Change Impacts On The Bulk Power System: Assessing Vulnerabilities And Planning For Resilience, Justin Gundlach, Romany M. Webb

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

As the scale, speed, and implications of climate change come into focus, stakeholders in the electricity sector are finding it increasingly difficult to turn a blind eye. However, many have opted to attend to climate impacts in a piecemeal fashion, often merely responding to particular extreme events – or types of extreme events, such as coastal storms or floods – and failing to consider the larger phenomenon. This is true of the bulk power system (BPS) in regions overseen by Independent System Operators and Regional Transmission Organizations (collectively, ISO/RTOs), none of which have comprehensively assessed their systems’ vulnerabilities to climate …

Expertise Scientifique Et Lien De Causalité Dans Le Cadre Du Contentieux Climatique: Le Point De Vue De La Doctrine Américaine, Michael Burger

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

Au cours des dernières années, il y a eu une augmentation remarquable du nombre d’actions judiciaires visant à demander aux Gouvernements et aux acteurs privés de rendre des comptes de leur inaction face aux changements climatiques. La « science de l’attribution » du changement climatique – c’est-à-dire la capacité de détecter les changements environnementaux et de les attribuer à l’augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre – joue un rôle central dans bon nombre de ces actions : elle permet en effet de fonder à la fois l’attribution d’événements extrêmes au changement climatique et d’émissions de gaz à …

Environmental Law, Eleventh Circuit Survey, Travis M. Trimble

Scholarly Works

In 2017, district courts decided several issues that the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit had never addressed. The United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia concluded that the Clean Water Act's (CWA) prohibition on the discharge of pollutants into waters of the United States without a permit extended to discharges into groundwater with a "direct hydrological connection" to surface waters within the Act's scope. The court also concluded that a state-permitted land application system, whereby wastewater is sprayed onto fields as means of treatment and disposal, constituted a "point source" within the meaning …

Making Existing Homes Greener, James Smith

Scholarly Works

The environmental movement that has taken hold in the last half-century includes the objective of reducing the adverse impacts buildings have on the natural environment. In the United States, this has manifested itself in changes in the design and construction of buildings. Modern buildings-those built recently-perform better with respect to some, but not all, environmental criteria than older buildings. The most prominent characteristic is the efficiency of energy use for heating, cooling, and appliances.

Even when the combination of building codes and voluntary standards work effectively to promote the construction of new green homes, they cannot provide a solution with …

Alternative Spring Break 2018 Report, Roger Williams University School Of Law

School of Law Conferences, Lectures & Events

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Property Law Tools For Soil Protection, Jessica Owley

Contributions to Books

Published in International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2017, Harald Ginzky, Elizabeth Dooley, Irene L. Heuser, Emmanuel Kasimbazi, Till Markus & Tianbao Qin, eds.

Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.

The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book’s Creative …

Environmental Principles In U.S. And Canadian Law, Errol E. Meidinger, Daniel Spitzer, Charles Malcomb

Contributions to Books

Published as Chapter 29 in Principles of Environmental Law, Ludwig Krämer & Emanuela Orlando, eds.

Taking The Public Out Of Public Lands: Shifts In Coal-Extraction Policies In The Trump Administration, Jessica Owley

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.