Overcriminalization For Lack Of Better Options: A Celebration Of Bill Stuntz,
2012
Columbia Law School
Overcriminalization For Lack Of Better Options: A Celebration Of Bill Stuntz, Daniel C. Richman
Faculty Scholarship
The unity of Bill Stuntz's character – his profound integrity – makes it easy to move from a celebration of his friendship (which I’ve treasured since we first met back in 1985) to one of his scholarship, for creativity, wisdom, and humility are strengths not just of Bill himself but of his work. Even as his broad brush strokes have fundamentally advanced our understanding of the interplay between substantive criminal law, criminal procedure, and criminal justice institutions over time, Bill's work – like Bill himself – welcomes and endures sustained engagement. Humility is appropriate for me, too, as I offer …
Why Do Criminals Obey The Law? The Influence Of Legitimacy And Social Networks On Active Gun Offenders,
2012
Columbia Law School
Why Do Criminals Obey The Law? The Influence Of Legitimacy And Social Networks On Active Gun Offenders, Andrew V. Papachristos, Tracey L. Meares, Jeffery Fagan
Faculty Scholarship
Research on procedural justice and legitimacy suggests that compliance with the law is best secured not by mere threat offorce, but by fostering beliefs in the fairness of the legal systems and in the legitimacy of legal actors. To date, however, this research has been based on general population surveys and more banal types of law-violating behavior (such as unpaid parking tickets, excessive noise, etc.). Thus, while we know why the average citizen obeys the law, we do not have similar knowledge about populations most likely to commit serious violent crimes. This study fills that void by using a unique …
Predictive Policing And Reasonable Suspicion,
2012
American University Washington College of Law
Predictive Policing And Reasonable Suspicion, Andrew Ferguson
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Predictive policing is a new law enforcement strategy to reduce crime by predicting criminal activity before it happens. Using sophisticated computer algorithms to forecast future events from past crime patterns, predictive policing has become the centerpiece of a new smart-policing strategy in several major cities. The initial results have been strikingly successful in reducing crime.This article addresses the Fourth Amendment consequences of this police innovation, analyzing the effect of predictive policing on the concept of reasonable suspicion. This article examines predictive policing in the context of the larger constitutional framework of “prediction” and the Fourth Amendment. Many aspects of current …
Frye And Lafler: No Big Deal,
2012
Columbia Law School
Frye And Lafler: No Big Deal, Gerard E. Lynch
Faculty Scholarship
The only surprise about the Supreme Court’s recent decisions in Missouri v. Frye and Lafler v. Cooper is that there were four dissents. The decisions are straightforward recognitions that the defendants in those cases received unquestionably derelict representation, to their considerable prejudice. The decisions do not represent a novelty in the law, but rather continue the longstanding recognition by the courts that “plea bargaining” is an integral part of our criminal justice system – indeed, I have argued at length that it is our criminal justice system – and that minimal competence of defense lawyers in dealing with that process …
On The American Paradox Of Laissez Faire And Mass Incarceration,
2012
Columbia Law School
On The American Paradox Of Laissez Faire And Mass Incarceration, Bernard E. Harcourt
Faculty Scholarship
In The Illusion of Free Markets (Harvard 2011), Professor Bernard Harcourt analyzes the evolution of a distinctly American paradox: in the country that has done the most to promote the idea of a hands-off government, we run the single largest prison complex in the entire world. Harcourt traces this paradox back to the eighteenth century and demonstrates how the presumption of government incompetence in economic affairs has been coupled with that of government legitimacy in the realm of policing and punishing. Harcourt shows how these linked presumptions have fueled the expansion of the carceral sphere in the nineteenth and twentieth …
"Bad Juror" Lists And The Prosecutor's Duty To Disclose,
2012
American University Washington College of Law
"Bad Juror" Lists And The Prosecutor's Duty To Disclose, Ira Robbins
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
Prosecutors sometimes use what are known as "bad juror" lists to exclude particular citizens from jury service. Not only does this practice interfere with an open and fair jury-selection process, thus implicating a defendant's right to be tried by a jury of his or her peers, but it also violates potential jurors' rights to serve in this important capacity. But who is on these lists? And is a prosecutor required to disclose the lists to defense counsel? These questions have largely gone unnoticed by legal analysts. This Article addresses the prosecutor's duty to disclose bad-juror lists. It reviews the federal …
Fourteenth Amendment Originalism,
2012
Columbia Law School
Fourteenth Amendment Originalism, Jamal Greene
Faculty Scholarship
In Baze v. Rees, the Supreme Court rejected a death-row inmate's claim that a state's use of a lethal injection protocol that carried risks of severe pain from improper administration violated the Constitution. Justice Thomas wrote a remarkable concurring opinion, joined by Justice Scalia, in which he argued that the plurality opinion announcing the governing standard for claims of this sort was wrong, and should have hewed more closely to the original understanding of the Eighth Amendment. Justice Thomas wrote that "the Framers intended to prohibit torturous modes of punishment akin to those that formed the historical backdrop of …
Preventing Sex-Offender Recidivism Through Therapeutic Jurisprudence Approaches And Specialized Community Integration,
2012
New York Law School
Preventing Sex-Offender Recidivism Through Therapeutic Jurisprudence Approaches And Specialized Community Integration, Heather Cucolo, Michael L. Perlin
Articles & Chapters
The public’s panic about the fear of recidivism if adjudicated sex offenders are ever to be released to the community has not subsided, despite the growing amount of information and statistically-reliable data signifying a generally low risk of re-offense. The established case law upholding sex offender civil commitment and containment statutes has rejected challenges of unconstitutionality, and continues to be dominated by punitive undertones. We have come to learn that the tools used to assess offenders for risk and civil commitment are often inaccurate and that meaningful treatment for this population is often unavailable and ineffective. Yet, society continues to …
Reimagining Criminal Prosecution: Toward A Color-Conscious Professional Ethic For Prosecutors,
2012
New York Law School
Reimagining Criminal Prosecution: Toward A Color-Conscious Professional Ethic For Prosecutors, Justin Murray
Articles & Chapters
Prosecutors, like mostAmericans, view the criminal-justice system asfundamentally race neutral. They are aware that blacks are stopped, searched, arrested, and locked up in numbers that are vastly out of proportion to their fraction of the overall population. Yet, they generally assume that this outcome is justified because it reflects the sad reality that blacks commit a disproportionate share of crime in America. They are unable to detect the ways in which their own discretionary choices-and those of other actors in the criminal-justice system, such as legislators, police officers, and jurors-contribute to the staggering and disproportionate incarceration of black Americans. In …
Requiring Miranda Warnings For The Christmas Day Bomber And Other Terrorists,
2012
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Requiring Miranda Warnings For The Christmas Day Bomber And Other Terrorists, Malvina Halberstam
Articles
No abstract provided.
Prosecutors And Professional Regulation,
2012
Fordham University School of Law
Prosecutors And Professional Regulation, Bruce A. Green
Faculty Scholarship
Prosecutors often express mistrust of professional regulators, their rules and their processes. This may have been more understandable twenty years ago, when prosecutors perceived that the organized bar had been captured by defense lawyers seeking to use professional regulation as a means of imposing limits on criminal investigative authority that the law did not otherwise recognize. Although that criticism no longer has much basis in reality, it has persisted in the rhetoric prosecutors employ in advocacy regarding their professional conduct. This article explores prosecutors’ public attitude toward professional regulation, beginning with a brief account of their responses two decades ago, …
The Micro And Macro Causes Of Prison Growth,
2012
Fordham University School of Law
The Micro And Macro Causes Of Prison Growth, John F. Pfaff
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Peacemaking & Provocation: A Response To Professor Tracey Jean Boisseau,
2012
Touro Law Center
Peacemaking & Provocation: A Response To Professor Tracey Jean Boisseau, Dan Subotnik
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Defense Counsel In Ensuring A Fair Justice System,
2012
Touro Law Center
The Role Of Defense Counsel In Ensuring A Fair Justice System, Richard Klein
Scholarly Works
Supreme Court decisions are replete with statements about how crucial it is to have a defense attorney represent the person who is accused of crime. Defense counsel may accurately be considered law enforcers. While representing a lone individual against all the power of the state, counsel must “police the police” to determine if there has been an unconstitutional search, a coerced confession, an unlawfully suggestive lineup, or the fabrication of testimony. Defense counsel must attempt to ensure that the prosecutor is adhering to the professional requirement not merely to convict, but to do justice and comply with his obligations to …
Summary Of State V. Dist. Ct., 127 Nev. Adv. Op. 84,
2011
Nevada Law Journal
Summary Of State V. Dist. Ct., 127 Nev. Adv. Op. 84, Michelle Newman
Nevada Supreme Court Summaries
The Court considered the State’s petition for a writ of mandamus challenging the district court’s exclusion of blood alcohol test results obtained by retrograde extrapolation from the prosecution of defendant for driving under the influence.
Summary Of Rogers V. State, 127 Nev. Adv. Op. No. 88,
2011
Nevada Law Journal
Summary Of Rogers V. State, 127 Nev. Adv. Op. No. 88, Amanda Ireland
Nevada Supreme Court Summaries
An appeal from a district court denial of a petition for a writ of habeas corpus, with consideration of the scope and applicability of Graham v. Florida to a term-of-years sentence.
Summary Of Toston V. State, 127 Nev. Adv. Op. 87,
2011
Nevada Law Journal
Summary Of Toston V. State, 127 Nev. Adv. Op. 87, Kendra Kisling
Nevada Supreme Court Summaries
The Court considered an appeal of a district court order denying a writ of habeas corpus.
Alvarado Revisited: A Missing Element In Alaska’S Quest To Provide Impartial Juries For Rural Alaskans,
2011
Duke Law
Alvarado Revisited: A Missing Element In Alaska’S Quest To Provide Impartial Juries For Rural Alaskans, Jeff D. May
Alaska Law Review
In Alvarado v. State, the Alaska Supreme Court declared that an impartial jury is a cross section of the community and that the community where the events at issue transpired must be represented in the jury. This decision spurred changes to jury selection procedures and the creation of Criminal Rule 18, an effort to ensure defendants from remote villages are judged by a jury representative of these rural areas. The Alaska Court of Appeals recently addressed an issue of first impression regarding the application of Criminal Rule 18. In Joseph v. State, the defendant was convicted of murdering his …
Aedpa's Ratchet: Invoking The Miranda Right To Counsel After The Antiterrorism And Effective Death Penalty Act,
2011
University of Washington School of Law
Aedpa's Ratchet: Invoking The Miranda Right To Counsel After The Antiterrorism And Effective Death Penalty Act, David Rubenstein
Washington Law Review
In Davis v. United States, the United States Supreme Court established a high standard to invoke the Miranda right to counsel, holding that a suspect must make a clear and unequivocal request for an attorney. Two years later, Congress passed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), which created a highly deferential standard of review for state court judgments challenged under federal habeas corpus jurisdiction. Generally, a state prisoner challenging the alleged deprivation of his Miranda right to counsel may obtain federal court relief under AEDPA only if his conviction in state court was based on an “objectively …
A Mosaic Shield: Maynard, The Fourth Amendment, And Privacy Rights In The Digital Age,
2011
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
A Mosaic Shield: Maynard, The Fourth Amendment, And Privacy Rights In The Digital Age, Erin Smith Dennis
Cardozo Law Review
No abstract provided.
