Criminal Law Commons^™

Making Criminal Penalties Collar-Blind On The Federal Level, Claire Osborn-Wright

Cleveland State Law Review

This paper is intended to be the first in a series of papers that addresses whether lower income individuals suffer all of the following at much higher rates than their percentage of the population would suggest should be the case: (1) police stops for questioning; (2) arrests; (3) prosecutions; (4) convictions; and (5) lengthy post-conviction incarcerations. In particular, this first paper addresses the question of whether prison sentences imposed for “blue-collar crimes” are significantly longer than prison sentences imposed for “white-collar crimes.” In general, “blue-collar crimes” refer to crimes that are committed by individuals who possess blue-collar professions and “white-collar …

Digital Evidence As A Means Of Proof In Criminal Proceedings In The Uae, Dr.Khaled Ramadan Soltan

Faculty Peer-Reviewed Papers | بحوث هيئة التدريس المحكمة

This paper addresses key issues related to the admissibility of digital evidence—a pivotal concern in modern legal proceedings. The use of such evidence is fraught with challenges, particularly due to the rapid technological changes and heightened concerns surrounding electronic data privacy. In the criminal justice system, these challenges can impact the admissibility of evidence, its presentation in trial, and the charging and resolution of cases.

This study examines the difficulties of admitting digital proof before the UAE judiciary. Considering the trend towards the digital world as an alternative to the tangible world, interest is increasing in the extent of the …

Evicted From The Outside, Colleen Cosgriff

Maine Law Review

In recent years, Maine has seen an increase in the number of people experiencing homelessness who are living outdoors. People living in these circumstances often shelter together in groups of tents or other temporary structures commonly referred to as “encampments.”As municipalities across Maine struggled with how best to respond to the increase in encampments across the state, the United States Supreme Court decided City of Grants Pass v. Johnson, a case originating in Grants Pass, Oregon. Grants Pass wanted to issue civil and criminal fines to people for sleeping outdoors, even when no alternative shelter was available. The city ultimately …

The Proactive Approach Of Artificial Intelligence In Monitoring And Analyzing Illegal Money Laundering Operations In The Virtual World, Ammar Yasser El-Bably

Journal of Police and Legal Sciences

The research dealt with the proactive method of artificial intelligence in monitoring and analyzing non-suspicious operations of money laundering in the virtual world, especially the Internet and dark web, where it dealt with the risks created for those networks and their exploitation for the benefit of terrorist and criminal organizations, money laundering, the purchase of weapons and drugs, human trafficking and financial fraud, where Internet users around the world reached 5 billion users, and the volume of money laundering crimes became 2.8 Trillion dollars, according to United Nations and International Monetary Fund statistics 2023 AI applications where algorithms, machine learning, …

Legislative And Security Confrontation Of Crimes Artificial Intelligence In The State Of Kuwait (An Analytical Study), Rashid Mohammed Al Marri

Journal of Police and Legal Sciences

The study aimed to demonstrate the mechanisms of legislative and security confrontation of artificial intelligence crimes. The use of technologies associated with artificial intelligence may go beyond the imposed limits, whether by exploiting it through its program developers & specialists to commit crimes in the cyber field, or it may be with the growing capabilities of artificial intelligence to make decisions in the field. Many behaviors occur automatically. Our research also aims to study the criminal responsibility for these crimes, & determine it in order to hold the real perpetrator accountable in accordance with the legal rules in force to …

The Role Of The Saudi Family As One Of The Social Control Institutions In Reducing Crime From The Point Of View Of Workers In Police Departments In The Capital, Riyadh, Jafar Mohammed Shaflout

Journal of Police and Legal Sciences

The study aimed to identify the role of the Saudi family in reducing crime from the point of view of workers in police departments in the capital, Riyadh. The descriptive analytical approach was used for its suitability to the purposes of the study. The research sample consisted of (352) individuals working in community police, who were selected by simple random method with percent of (0.00071) from the study community, which consists of (500) thousand individuals working in Saudi Public Security. The research relied on the questionnaire as a tool for collecting data, the validity and reliability of which were verified. …

Brief Of Law Professors As Amici Curiae In Support Of Plaintiff-Appellees, Ira P. Robbins

Amicus Briefs & Court Filings

INTRODUCTION: The Executive Order at issue in these appeals targets a small and uniquely vulnerable minority of transgender women—those currently housed in federal women’s prisons—by commanding the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to transfer them immediately to men’s facilities. Amici file in support of Plaintiffs-Appellees (hereinafter “Plaintiffs”), to address two procedural arguments made by Defendants-Appellants (“the government”). First, Congress has not eliminated federal court jurisdiction to decide Plaintiffs’ challenge to the transfer provisions of the Executive Order. Second, the government overreads the Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA); Plaintiffs’ lawsuit is not improper or premature under that statute’s exhaustion requirement because …

Hacking Generative Ai, Ido Kilovaty

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

Generative AI platforms, like ChatGPT, hold great promise in enhancing human creativity, productivity, and efficiency. However, generative AI platforms are prone to manipulation. Specifically, they are susceptible to a new type of attack called “prompt injection.” In prompt injection, attackers carefully craft their input prompt to manipulate AI into generating harmful, dangerous, or illegal content as output. Examples of such outputs include instructions on how to build an improvised bomb, how to make meth, how to hotwire a car, and more. Researchers have also been able to make ChatGPT generate malicious code.

This Article asks a basic question: do prompt …

Making The New Public Safety Safe, Christopher Slobogin

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Shawn Fields' The New Public Safety: Police Reform and the Lurking Threat to Civil Liberties, which will be published by the University of California Press in September, is a brave and wise effort to envision a post-DeFund the Police world. While the defund movement has, at best, been a mixed success, some municipalities have experimented with de-policing routine interactions with people who are unhoused and mentally ill, authorizing civilian "violence interrupters" to roam the streets, and handing over traffic enforcement to unarmed officials. In The New Public Safety, Fields endorses these developments but also cautions that, without regulation, they will …

Sheridan Vs. State Of Nevada, 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 22 (Apr. 24, 2025), Austin Cassell

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

THE SUPREME COURT DETERMINED THAT OBSTRUCTING OR RESISTING AN OFFICER BY FLIGHT AND FAILURE TO REGISTER AS A CONVICTED PERSON ARE NOT CATEGORICALLY CRIMES OF VIOLENCE UNDER NRS 176A.510

In The Matter Of H.B., Iii, 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 15 (Apr. 3, 2025), Racaiim Mckain

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

In a decisive decision, the Nevada Supreme Court held that convicted felons are not automatically disqualified from acting as a legal guardian.

Re-Reading Power Inside The Aml-Ctf Regime, Sanaa Ahmed

Dalhousie Law Journal

Money laundering and money laundering controls are having a global moment. Many jurisdictions around the world—some more than others—feature regularly in news cycles for either offences to do with money laundering or sanctions avoidance or the laxity of controls that enable such activities. The mainstream media has reported on stories about banks in Canada and football clubs in Italy, about charities in the UK and the real estate industry in the US. Each revelation prompts mea culpas from offenders—TD Bank in Canada is one such example—and often, a raft of new or enhanced regulatory measures.

Critically, the point that remains …

Price (Anthony) V. The Second Judicial District Court, 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 17 (Apr. 17, 2024), Ayanna Pope

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

DISTRICT COURTS CANNOT FIND A FELONY DEFENDANT COMPETENT TO STAND TRIAL AFTER A PRIOR INCOMPETENCY DETERMINATION WITHOUT INPUT FROM THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE DIVISION OF PUBLIC AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH.

Garcia V. State, 141 Nev. Adv. Op. 16 (Apr. 17, 2025), Grace Michaelson

Nevada Supreme Court Summaries

THE DISTRICT COURT PROPERLY DENIED RELIEF BECAUSE PAROLE ELIGIBILITY FOR JUVENILE NONHOMICIDE OFFENDERS ARISES BY OPERATION OF LAW AND DOES NOT REQUIRE RESENTENCING OR CORRECTION OF A LAWFUL JUDGMENT.

Benjamin Ferencz In The Cold War, Noah Weisbord

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The article explores Benjamin Ferencz's advocacy for international law and his role in shaping the legal frameworks of the post-World War II era, particularly his efforts to define aggression and establish the International Criminal Court. It contrasts Ferencz's idealism with the pragmatic approaches of Henry Kissinger and the diplomatic strategies of Dag Hammarskjold, highlighting the challenges of the Cold War international order and its failure to address individual threats, exemplified by A.Q. Khan's nuclear proliferation.

Furthering The Legacy Of Benjamin B. Ferencz: Amending The Rome Statute’S Jurisdiction Over The Crime Of Aggression, Jennifer Trahan

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The article advocates for amending the Rome Statute to strengthen the International Criminal Court's (ICC) jurisdiction over the crime of aggression. It argues that the current jurisdictional regime, established by the 2010 Kampala amendments, is too limited, creating double standards and undermining the rule of law. The author calls for harmonizing the ICC's jurisdiction over the crime of aggression with its jurisdiction over other crimes, such as genocide and war crimes, to ensure consistent and universal accountability.

The Unique Function Of The Crime Against Humanity Of Other Inhumane Acts In The Progressive Development And Codification Of International Criminal Law, David Donat Cattin

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The article explores the evolution and role of "other inhumane acts" as a residual category within the definition of crimes against humanity, tracing its development from the Nuremberg trials through the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). It highlights the potential of this category to adapt to new forms of atrocities and discusses the challenges and opportunities in aligning future treaty developments with existing legal frameworks.

No More Mixed Message, Missing Money: Revisiting The Birth Of Icl’S Victim Restoration-Reparations Regime To Conceptualize Its Modern Reform, Gregory S. Gordon

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The article argues that the International Criminal Court's (ICC) system for victim reparations is fundamentally flawed due to mission dissonance between its punitive and restorative goals, insufficient funding, and procedural limitations. It proposes the creation of an independent Atrocity Victim Reparations Tribunal (AVRT) under the UN to address these issues, ensuring more effective and victim-centered reparations.

Bodies Are Not Battlegrounds: Sexual And Gender-Based Violence As A War Tactic: A Ukrainian Case Study, Marina Coriale

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The note examines the use of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) as a weapon of war, with a focus on conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) in Ukraine. It highlights the legal frameworks and precedents established by international courts and tribunals, such as the Rome Statute, the ICTY, and ICTR, to prosecute CRSV as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. The analysis underscores the challenges faced by survivors in seeking justice and the importance of addressing root causes like gender inequality. It advocates for strengthened legal mechanisms, accountability, and reparations to promote healing and deter future atrocities.

Data-Driven Police Profiling, Christopher Slobogin

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

Police departments increasingly rely on algorithms and other data- driven methods of identifying high-crime areas andpeople who are at high risk for involvement in crime. This Article examines several constitutional obstacles to this type ofpolicing. First, to the extent that these algorithms rely on data entitled to privacy protection, they may violate the Fourth Amendment. Second, the steps police take in response to a "hot" place or person designation must also be subject to constitutional regulation. Further, the principle of legality should prohibit the police from acting on any risk designation, even one that is very likely accurate, in the …