Contracts Commons^™

Pizza Hut L.L.C. V. Pandya: Exploring The Validity Of Pre-Dispute Jury Waivers, Logan Allen

Texas A&M Law Review

This Note analyzes a 2023 Fifth Circuit opinion concerning whether a contractual pre-dispute jury waiver is enforceable utilizing the knowing and voluntary factors and when challenged under general fraud allegations. The Fifth Circuit incorrectly weighed two of the voluntary and knowing factors—conspicuousness and unequal bargaining power—to be in favor of enforcing the jury waiver when the facts of the case and prior case law prove otherwise. The Fifth Circuit should have first applied a historical analysis in analyzing a constitutional right, but the court was reasonable in applying the arbitration rule to jury waiver provisions because waiving a jury right …

Construing "Consideration" In Maine's Recreational Use Statute: Robbins V. Great Northern Paper Co., Russell B. Pierce Jr.

Maine Law Review

Since 1961, when the Legislature enacted the original version of Maine's "recreational use statute," the Maine Supreme Judicial Court has had little opportunity to construe the statute's several components. The recent case of Robbins v. Great Northern Paper Co., however, allowed the court to interpret the "consideration" exception of the statute for the first time. In a 4-3 decision, the Maine Supreme Judicial Court, sitting as the Law Court, ruled that a $95.00 annual rental fee for noncommercial, recreational use of a lot on the defendant's property did not constitute "consideration" so as to fall within the exception to landowner …

Nil Tampering, Josh Lens

BYU Law Review

The college athletics landscape has experienced several recent dramatic and monumental changes. In 2018, its governing body, the NCAA, implemented the transfer portal to help universities and athletes manage the process by which athletes transfer to another university. In 2021, the NCAA allowed every athlete the freedom to accept compensation in exchange for the use of their name, image, and likeness (“NIL”). Booster collectives quickly formed to facilitate NIL arrangements and now exert significant financial influence in the athlete recruiting and retention process. Tens of thousands of athletes have used the portal since its inception, with many seeking more NIL …

Understanding Golf’S Civil War: An Antitrust Analysis And Discussion, Emma Hackett

BYU Law Review

For years, professional golf has been ruled by the PGA Tour. But in 2022, the PGA Tour’s monarchy started to crack when LIV Golf, a new Saudi-backed golf league, entered the scene and sued the PGA Tour for antitrust violations. Players and fans had to take sides: the legacy of the PGA Tour or the deep pockets of LIV Golf? The lawsuit resulted in a settlement between the entities, but the complaints exposed dealings engaged in by the PGA Tour that this Note argues are violations of the Sherman Act. Beyond illegality of the Tour’s acts, the dispute between LIV …

Libby V. Calais Regional Hospital: Contracting Out Of Maine's Employment-At-Will Doctrine, Russell Goldsmith

Maine Law Review

In Libby v. Calais Regional Hospital, Elizabeth Libby, a medical technologist at Calais Regional Hospital, brought suit against her former employer claiming breach of contract for improper discharge and alleging that the hospital failed to honor the terms of their mutually binding employment agreement. In particular, the plaintiff maintained that the hospital did not follow the termination procedures that had been set forth in her employee handbook and that were incorporated as terms of her employment contract. The trial court granted defendant's motion for a directed verdict, concluding that the plaintiff did not present sufficient evidence to show that her …

Jurisdictional Competition On Standard-Essential Patents, Wentong Zheng

UF Law Faculty Publications

his Article offers a systematic examination of jurisdictional competition on standard-essential patents (“SEPs”). SEPs are patents essential to technology standards developed by standard-setting organizations (“SSOs”). To reduce potential patent holdup, SSOs generally require SEP holders to commit to licensing SEPs on “fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory” (“FRAND”) terms. During the last decade, jurisdictions around the world have been engaged in fierce competition to set the ground rules on FRAND and other requirements for SEP licensing. This Article traces the legal landscape of this jurisdictional competition and examines how three major jurisdictions, the United States, Europe, and China, have developed divergent stances …

Shifting Toward Boilerplate Regulation, Wayne R. Barnes

Faculty Scholarship

Consumer assent to standard form contracts has been creating cognitive dissonance among contracts scholars for a century. Businesses impose standard forms on consumers, who never read the terms. But consumers would not understand them if they did. And they don’t have the bargaining power to change them anyway—the terms are famously “take it or leave it.” Contracting is ideally theorized as an act of voluntary, knowing consent to all the terms agreed to. The dissonance is that consumers, although ostensibly signaling their assent to the boilerplate by signing (or clicking, or tapping their phone screen), do not in fact know …

Cisg, Wayne R. Barnes

Faculty Scholarship

This survey article discusses cases during the prior year, which are decided based on one or more provisions of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The CISG is a United Nations treaty that provides a uniform international sales law. It was adopted in Vienna in 1980 and went into effect in 1988. The CISG governs contracts for the international sale of goods between businesses located in different countries that have ratified the treaty. It has been adopted by 95+ countries, including major trading nations like the United States, China, and most European countries. …

Surviving Lender Violence: The Case For Resuscitating Contractual Good Faith In New York, Zachary T. Hanusek

Fordham Law Review

In recent years, lender violence has become the preferred term for a rapidly developing restructuring market centered on the premise that a subset of lenders in a syndicate can increase their own recovery prospects at the expense of the remaining lenders in their group by engaging in a so-called “liability-management transaction.” This term evokes images of rival factions of corporate lenders engaging in physical combat. Although these hyper-technical restructurings certainly fall short of the barbarity the label suggests, the reality is that lenders participating in the so-called violence can siphon hundreds of millions of dollars away from nonparticipating lenders and …

From Anti-Bds To Anti-Esg: The Next Generation Of Boycotting The “Boycott” Is Only Slightly Less Problematic, Kali Venable

Washington and Lee Law Review

In response to an explosion in Environmental, Social, Governance (“ESG”), state lawmakers are enacting statutes to penalize companies that “boycott” industries they seek to protect. This Note first explains how we got here. To do so, it explains how lawmakers used statutes aimed at suppressing the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (“BDS”) movement against Israel as templates for anti-ESG boycott laws. Further, this Note examines the rise of ESG and the subsequent anti-ESG movement that led to the enactment of state anti-ESG boycott laws pertaining to public contracts.

By analyzing the mixed outcomes of recent First Amendment challenges to anti-BDS laws …

Uniform Commercial Code: Introduction, Jennifer S. Martin, Colin P. Marks, Wayne R. Barnes

Faculty Scholarship

The survey that follows highlights the most important developments of 2023 dealing with domestic and international sales of goods, personal property leases, payments, letters of credit, documents of title, investment securities, and secured transactions. Along with the usual descriptions of interesting judicial decisions highlighted in the survey, there has also been legislative progress in several areas. The 2022 Amendments to the Uniform Commercial Code ("U.C.C.") (the "2022 Amendments") have been adopted in twenty-four states plus the District of Colombia and introduced in five states.

Commercial Boilerplate: A Review And Research Agenda, Robert E. Scott, Stephen J. Choi, Mitu Gulati

Faculty Scholarship

Boilerplate contracts have long fascinated legal scholars. But the focus has been largely on consumer contracts, with the debate centered on the question of whether take-it-or-leave-it mass-produced forms imposed on consumers by large corporations should be treated as contracts or as a problem in regulation. By contrast, commercial boilerplate — the standard forms used in transactions for corporate or sovereign bonds or merger agreements — has traditionally received little attention. The assumption has been that form contracts among sophisticated parties may differ in form but not in substance from bespoke contracts between business entities. Yet a growing body of scholarship …

Perjanjian Pinjam Nama Warga Negara Asing Dengan Objek Hak Atas Tanah Melalui Pranata Hukum Nasional (Analisis Simulasi Kasus Dalam Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Denpasar Nomor 1138/Pdt.G/2020/Pn Dps), Alvi Azzahra Putri N

Indonesian Notary

Hukum pertanahan nasional melarang pemindahan hak milik atas tanah kepada Warga Negara Asing (WNA), termasuk melalui perjanjian pinjam nama, sesuai Pasal 21 ayat (1) UUPA. Ini membahas kedudukan kepemilikan hak atas tanah oleh WNA dalam Pranata Hukum Nasional dan upaya hukum penyelesaiannya berdasarkan kasus putusan PN Denpasar Nomor 1138/Pdt.G/2020/PN.Dps. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian nominee yang bertujuan mengalihkan kepemilikan tanah kepada WNA batal demi hukum karena bertentangan dengan hukum nasional. Upaya hukum yang ditempuh adalah mengajukan banding ke Pengadilan Tinggi karena Majelis Hakim keliru menetapkan pasal 570 KUHPerdata sebagai dasar gugatan tidak dapat diterima (NO). Jual beli tanah dalam kasus …

Penghidupan Kembali Perseroan Terbatas Yang Telah Dibubarkanketika Masih Dalam Tahap Likuidasi (Analisis Penetapan Pengadilannegeri Luwuk Nomor 24/Pdt.P/2022/Pn Lwk), Alvian Reyza Fuady

Indonesian Notary

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai permasalahan hukum terhadap keabsahan dari tindakan Perseroan yang meminta penetapan terkait penghidupan kembali Perseroan Terbatas yang sedang dalam proses pembubaran atau dalam proses likuidasi dan pemenuhan kriteria penghidupan kembali pembubaran Perseroan Terbatas melalui Keputusan Sirkuler (Studi Kasus Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Luwuk 24/Pdt.P/2022/PN Lwk tanggal 28 April 2022) Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah doktrinal dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Setelah dibubarkan, perseroan terbatas tidak dapat melakukan kegiatan usahanya atau tindakan hukum lainnya kecuali untuk kepentingan likuidasi atau pemberesan, menurut Pasal 142 ayat (2) huruf b UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Dalam keputusan …

Pelindungan Hukum Bank Sebagai Pemegang Hak Tanggungan Dalam Hal Tumpang Tindih Kepemilikan Objek Hak Tanggungan (Studi Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Jakarta Nomor 109/Pdt/2023/Pt Dki, Christina Pratiwi Pratiwi

Indonesian Notary

Dalam pemberian fasilitas kredit, bank dapat meminta adanya jaminan berupa hak atas tanah yang diikat dengan Hak Tanggungan. Hak atas tanah yang dijaminkan sebagai jaminan kredit tidak terlepas dari adanya sengketa tanah. Salah satu sengketa kepemilikan tanah yang kerap terjadi yaitu tumpang tindih kepemilikan hak atas tanah. Ada akibat hukum dari tumpang tindih kepemilikan hak atas tanah terhadap Objek Hak Tanggungan. Bank sebagai pemegang Hak Tanggungan apabila objek Hak Tanggungan kepemilikannya tumpang tindih, perlu mendapatkan pelindungan hukum. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian doktrinal yang bertujuan menelaah akibat hukum dari tumpang tindih kepemilikan hak atas tanah terhadap Hak Tanggungan dan …

Perlindungan Hukum Pembeli Beriktikad Baik Terhadap Pemalsuan Akta Kuasa Menjual Yang Melibatkan Notaris Dalam Transaksi Jualbeli Tanah (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Ri Nomor 1209 K/Pid/2022), Iqbal Raihan Raihan

Indonesian Notary

Ar1kel ini membahas mengenai perlindungan hukum pembeli berik1kad baik terhadap pemalsuan Akta Kuasa Menjual yang melibatkan notaris dalam transaksi jual beli tanah pada putusan MA No. 1209/K/Pid/2022. Transaksi jual beli tanah dalam kasus putusan ini didasari oleh kuasa menjual yang dipalsukan oleh notaris kemudian dijual oleh pihak yang bukan pemilik sebenarnya kepada pihak lain. Akta kuasa menjual yang dipalsukan dijadikan dasar oleh pihak yang bukan pemilik sebenarnya untuk melakukan jual beli kepada pihak lain tanpa sepengetahuan pemilik tanah yang sebenarnya, transaksi jual beli ini berakibat kerugian pada pemilik hak atas tanah dan pembeli berik1kad baik. Peneli1an ini menggunakan metode peneli1an …

Analisis Yuridis Pengangkatan Dewan Komisaris Perseroan Tanpa Persetujuan Dan Pemberitahuan Kepada Calon Dewan Komisaris(Studi Putusan Majelis Pengawas Wilayah Notaris Provinsi Dki Jakarta Nomor: 15/Pts.Mj.Pwn.Prov.Dkijakarta/Xii/2022, Jasmine Adhisty Fiqannawati

Indonesian Notary

Pengangkatan dewan komisaris perseroan haruslah mendapat persetujuan dari calon komisaris terkait sebelum pengangkatannya. Nyonya JT diangkat menjadi komisaris perseroan melalui Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham Luar Biasa (RUPS LB), yang mana pengangkatan tersebut dilakukan tanpa persetujuannya dan Nyonya JT tidak pernah pula dikirimkan hasil dari RUPS LB mengenai pengangkatannya. Hasil dari RUPS LB tersebut yang berupa akta Notaris yang dibuat oleh Notaris A, dilaporkan kepada Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia sehingga terbitlah SK Kemenkumham yang mencantumkan nama Nyonya JT sebagai komisaris perseroan, yang otomatis membebankan tanggung jawab dan kewajiban atas hal yang tidak pernah disetujui oleh Nyonya JT. Berdasarkan hal …

Akibat Hukum Akta Adopsi Yang Melanggar Hukum Adat (Studi Kasus Marga P Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Nomor 324/Pdt/2020/Pt Mdn), M Kevin Veda Kusuma

Indonesian Notary

Pengangkatan Anak atau Adopsi dapat dilaksanakan melalui Akta Notaris maupun secara Hukum Adat yang diakui keberadaannya oleh Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. yang pada akhirnya diajukan untuk mendapatkan penetapan pengadilan dalam rangka Akta Notaris kemudian dipergunakan untuk menjadi alat bukti untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum dan perlindungan hukum. Akan tetapi, pada pelaksanaannya, terdapat kasus pengangkatan anak melalui Akta Notaris yang melanggar hukum adat. Untuk itu, penulis melakukan penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah doktrinal yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder berupa bahan-bahan hukum melalui studi kepustakaan, mengelompokan lalu memilahnya. Selanjutnya, data tersebut dikelompokkan, dipilah, dan diinterpretasi. Kemudian, penulis menganalisisnya dan …

Peran Notaris Dalam Rangka Memperkuat Akta Perjanjian Kerjasama Internasional Konservasi Orangutan Di Kalimantan, Michael Frederijk Tampubolon

Indonesian Notary

Peran Notaris diperlukan dalam kegiatan konservasi sumber daya alam dalam hal pembuatan akta perjanjian kerjasama perlindungan alam yang melibatkan pihak asing. Salah satu bentuk Kerjasama tersebut terlihat dari Akta Persetujuan Kerjasama antara Ditjen KSDAE dan Universitas York Kanada tentang Kerjasama Konservasi Orangutan Kalimantan di Taman Nasional Kutai. Dalam akta tersebut terdapat hal hal yang bersifat keperdataan seperti pendanaan, bantuan pihak ketiga, serta alternatif penyelesaian sengketa yang dilaksanakan di Indonesia, sehingga akta tersebut memiliki unsur unsur keperdataan. Disinilah, peran serta seorang Notaris sangat dibutuhkan dalam memberikan sumbangsih dalam hal pembuatan akta dan keautentikan akta. Notaris dapat melaksanakan waarmerking untuk menandakan bahwa …

Tanggung Jawab Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (Ppat) Terhadap Akta Jual Beli Hak Atas Tanah Dengan Pengampuan Yang Cacat Hukum (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 915 K/Pdt/2021), Muhammad Abimuk Primanto

Indonesian Notary

Jual beli hak atas tanah berdasarkan permohonan pengampuan yang dituangkan ke dalam Akta Jual Beli (AJB) yang dibuat Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah (PPAT) seharusnya dilakukan berdasarkan ketentuan permohonan pengampuan dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Namun ditemukan permohonan pengampuan yang kesaksiannya tidak lengkap karena tidak semua keluarga sedarah atau semenda yang berkaitan langsung dengan pengampuan memberikan kesaksian seperti dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 915K/pdt/2021 di mana salah seorang anak kandung tidak dimintakan kesaksiannya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab PPAT terhadap AJB yang dibuatnya berdasarkan pengampuan yang cacat hukum karena tidak lengkapnya kesaksian dari keluarga sedarah atau …