Juries, Lay Judges, And Trials,
2014
Allard School of Law at the University of British Columbia
Juries, Lay Judges, And Trials, Toby S. Goldbach, Valerie P. Hans
All Faculty Publications
“Juries, Lay Judges, and Trials” describes the widespread practice of including ordinary citizens as legal decision makers in the criminal trial. In some countries, lay persons serve as jurors and determine the guilt and occasionally the punishment of the accused. In others, citizens decide cases together with professional judges in mixed decision-making bodies. What is more, a number of countries have introduced or reintroduced systems employing juries or lay judges, often as part of comprehensive reform in emerging democracies. Becoming familiar with the job of the juror or lay citizen in a criminal trial is thus essential for understanding contemporary …
Bulk Metadata Collection: Statutory And Constitutional Considerations,
2014
Georgetown University Law Center
Bulk Metadata Collection: Statutory And Constitutional Considerations, Laura K. Donohue
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
The National Security Agency’s bulk collection of telephony metadata runs contrary to Congress’s intent in enacting the 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. The program also violates the statute in three ways: the requirement that records sought be “relevant to an authorized investigation;” the requirement that information could be obtained via subpoena duces tecum; and the steps required for use of pen registers and trap and trace devices. Additionally, the program gives rise to serious constitutional concerns. Efforts by the government to save the program on grounds of third party doctrine are unpersuasive in light of the unique circumstances of …
Racial Profiling As Collective Definition,
2014
Washington University in St. Louis School of Law
Racial Profiling As Collective Definition, Trevor George Gardner
Scholarship@WashULaw
Economists and other interested academics have committed significant time and effort to developing a set of circumstances under which an intelligent and circumspect form of racial profiling can serve as an effective tool in crime finding–the specific objective of finding criminal activity afoot. In turn, anti-profiling advocates tend to focus on the immediate efficacy of the practice, the morality of the practice, and/or the legality of the practice. However, the tenor of this opposition invites racial profiling proponents to develop more surgical profiling techniques to employ in crime finding. In the article, I review the literature on group distinction to …
A Reply To "Hollow Spaces",
2014
Columbia Law School
A Reply To "Hollow Spaces", George A. Bermann, Jack J. Coe Jr., Christopher R. Drahozal, Catherine A. Rogers
Faculty Scholarship
This short essay responds to Chip Brower's thoughtful and meticulous critique of Tentative Draft No. 2 of the Restatement Third of the U.S. Law of International Commercial Arbitration. While we appreciate the concerns he raises, we disagree with the conclusions he draws both about the Restatement and the drafting process. We address here what we understand to be Professor Brower's major criticisms of the work.
Equality In Asia,
2014
University of Oxford
Equality In Asia, Kate O'Regan, Madhav Khosla
Faculty Scholarship
If the right to equality promises more than it can ever deliver, it is also a right whose text and application reflects the history of the society in which it applies. The right to equality is thus particularly challenging for comparative law. Although it is found in nearly every modern democratic constitution, the formulation, interpretation and application of the right varies markedly and it accordingly presents acutely difficult questions for a study such as this. The difficulties not only arise from the differences in historical, socio-economic and political context, but also from differing conceptions of equality itself. In this brief …
Exporting Standards: The Externalization Of The Eu's Regulatory Power Via Markets,
2014
Columbia Law School
Exporting Standards: The Externalization Of The Eu's Regulatory Power Via Markets, Anu Bradford
Faculty Scholarship
This Article examines the unprecedented and deeply underestimated global power that the EU is exercising through its legal institutions and standards, and how it successfully exports that influence to the rest of the world. Introducing the notion of “the Brussels Effect,” the Article shows how market forces alone are sufficient to convert EU standards into global standards. Without the need to use international institutions or seek other nations’ cooperation, the EU has a strong and growing ability to promulgate regulations that become entrenched in the legal frameworks of developed and developing markets alike, leading to a notable “Europeanization” of many …
Shaken Baby Syndrome On Trial,
2014
University of Wisconsin Law School
Shaken Baby Syndrome On Trial, Keith A. Findley, Barry Scheck
Articles
This is a short review of Deborah Tuerkheimer's book, "Flawed Convictions: 'Shaken Baby Syndrome' and the Inertia of Injustice" (Oxford University Press 2014).
Insights From Canada For American Constitutional Federalism,
2014
Penn State Law
Insights From Canada For American Constitutional Federalism, Stephen F. Ross
Faculty Scholarship
The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, 132 S. Ct. 2566 (2012), has again focused widespread public attention on the Court as an arbiter of the balance of power between the federal government and the states. The topic of the proper role a nation's highest court in this respect has been important and controversial throughout not only American, but also Canadian history, raising questions of constitutional theory for a federalist republic: What justifies unelected judges interfering with the ordinary political process with regard to federalism questions? Can courts create judicially manageable doctrines to police …
The Role Of Comparative Law In Shaping Corporate Statutory Reforms,
2014
Penn State Law
The Role Of Comparative Law In Shaping Corporate Statutory Reforms, Marco Ventoruzzo
Faculty Scholarship
This Essay discusses how comparative law played and plays a role in the statutory development of corporate laws. The influence of laws of other systems on the development of statutory law is common, explicit, and represents a tradition that accompanied legal reforms since the very beginning of the development of legislation.
Focusing on modern corporate law, I argue (but the argument could be extended to many other legal fields) that it is necessary to distinguish two basic ways in which comparative law influences legal reforms in one particular jurisdiction. The first one is through regulatory competition among different systems. In …
Comparative Urban Governance For Lawyers,
2014
American University Washington College of Law
Comparative Urban Governance For Lawyers, Fernanda Nicola
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
No abstract provided.
Why The United States Cannot Agree To Disagree On Blasphemy Laws,
2014
University of Oklahoma College of Law
Why The United States Cannot Agree To Disagree On Blasphemy Laws, Evelyn Aswad, Rashad Hussain, M. Suleman
Faculty Articles
At the Boston University International Law Journal's symposium "Realigning Western Policy and International Law after the Arab Spring," held on March 25, 2013, Professor Aswad gave the keynote address, where she described the extensive U.S. diplomatic efforts to promote the broadest possible protections for freedoms of expression and religion, even when it comes to speech that is considered blasphemous. A symposium participant asked why the United States cannot just agree to disagree with Muslim-majority countries on the treatment of blasphemy given the religious sensibilities in those countries and the number of other pressing equities the United States has pending with …
Systematic Government Access To Private-Sector Data Redux,
2014
Indiana University Maurer School of Law
Systematic Government Access To Private-Sector Data Redux, Fred H. Cate, Christopher Kuner, Christopher Millard, Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Articles by Maurer Faculty
No abstract provided.
Grappling At The Grassroots: Access To Justice In India's Lower Tier,
2014
Indiana University Maurer School of Law
Grappling At The Grassroots: Access To Justice In India's Lower Tier, Jayanth K. Krishnan, Shirish N. Kavadi, Azima Girach, Dhanaji Khupkar, Kilindi Kokal, Satyajeet Mazumdar, Nupar, Gayatri Panday, Aatreyee Sen, Aqseer Sodhi, Bharati Takale Shukla
Articles by Maurer Faculty
From 2010 to 2012, a team of academic and civil society researchers conducted extensive ethnographies of litigants, judges, lawyers, and courtroom personnel within multiple districts in three states: Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Himachal Pradesh. This Article provides an in-depth account of the everyday struggles these actors face in the pursuit of their respective objectives. The findings illustrate a complex matrix of variables-including infrastructure, staffing, judicial training and legal awareness, costs and continuances, gender and caste discrimination, power imbalances, intimidation and corruption, miscellaneous delays, and challenges with specialized forums-impact access to justice in the lower tier. The results of this study offer …
Journalism Standards And "The Dark Arts": The U.K.'S Leveson Inquiry And The U.S. Media In The Age Of Surveillance,
2014
University of Miami School of Law
Journalism Standards And "The Dark Arts": The U.K.'S Leveson Inquiry And The U.S. Media In The Age Of Surveillance, Lili Levi
Articles
No abstract provided.
Fisa Reform,
2014
Georgetown University Law Center
Fisa Reform, Laura K. Donohue
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Congress and the Executive Branch are poised to take up the issue of FISA reform in 2014. What has been missing from the discussion is a comprehensive view of ways in which reform could be given effect—i.e., a taxonomy of potential options. This article seeks to fill the gap. The aim is to deepen the conversation about abeyant approaches to foreign intelligence gathering, to allow fuller discussion of what a comprehensive package could contain, and to place initiatives that are currently under consideration within a broader, over-arching framework. The article begins by considering the legal underpinnings and challenges to the …
Charitable Giving, Tax Expenditures, And Direct Spending In The United States And The European Union,
2014
Georgetown University Law Center
Charitable Giving, Tax Expenditures, And Direct Spending In The United States And The European Union, Lilian V. Faulhaber
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This Article compares the ways in which the United States and the European Union limit the ability of state-level entities to subsidize their own residents, whether through direct subsidies or through tax expenditures. It uses four recent charitable giving cases decided by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) to illustrate the ECJ’s evolving tax expenditure jurisprudence and argues that, while this jurisprudence may suggest a new and promising model for fiscal federalism, it may also have negative social policy implications. It also points out that the court analyzes direct spending and tax expenditures under different rubrics despite their economic equivalence …
Household Regulation And European Integration: The Family Portrait Of A Crisis,
2014
Georgetown University Law Center
Household Regulation And European Integration: The Family Portrait Of A Crisis, Philomila Tsoukala
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
This article develops a theoretical framework for analyzing the regulation of the household and its effects on the economy. Incorporating insights from family economics, comparative family law, legal realism, political economy and feminism, it describes the array of different legal regimes that can affect household composition and function. The article then analyzes the case of Greece using this framework. It argues that the role of households organized as families was a central element in the Greek debt crisis, overlooked by scholars and policymakers alike. It identifies the host of legal regimes that helped consolidate families as the main providers of …
Redefining Relevancy And Exclusionary Discretion In Sir James Fitzjames Stephen’S Indian Evidence Act Of 1872: The Singapore Experiment And Lessons For Other Indian Evidence Act Jurisdictions,
2014
Singapore Management University
Redefining Relevancy And Exclusionary Discretion In Sir James Fitzjames Stephen’S Indian Evidence Act Of 1872: The Singapore Experiment And Lessons For Other Indian Evidence Act Jurisdictions, Siyuan Chen
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
In many jurisdictions, the rules of evidence can often be instrumental in determining the outcome of a dispute. But to what extent can evidence law be controlled by codification, or is it better to leave its regulation and development to the judges via common law? In an attempt to bridge the gap between the rules of an antiquated evidence statute and the modern realities of practice, Singapore’s Evidence Act was amended in 2012. Certain relevancy provisions were amended to allow greater admissibility of evidence, while new provisions were introduced to act as a check against abuse. However, it will be …
Missing The Forest For The Trees: A New Approach To Shareholder Activism,
2014
Duke Law School
Missing The Forest For The Trees: A New Approach To Shareholder Activism, Yaron Nili
Faculty Scholarship
Shareholder activism has dominated corporate governance literature for the last decade. However, despite the abundance of research focusing on specific manifestations of activism, there is a dearth of literature tackling share-holder activism as a whole. This article puts forward a novel theory situating shareholder activism within a more complete framework, treating activism as a collection of diverse models that differ by motives, tools, and structures. This paper provides a more complete perspective on activism—an analytical under-standing of activism as a model rather than an investigation of specific occurrences thereof—and a demonstration that different models of activism are present both in …
Prosecutorial Discretion In Three Systems: Balancing Conflicting Goals And Providing Mechanisms For Control,
2014
Duke Law School
Prosecutorial Discretion In Three Systems: Balancing Conflicting Goals And Providing Mechanisms For Control, Sara Sun Beale
Faculty Scholarship
In regulating the authority and discretion exercised by contemporary prosecutors,national systems balance a variety of goals, many of which are in tension or direct conflict. Forexample, making prosecutors politically or democratically accountable may conflict with theprinciple of prosecutorial neutrality, and the goal of efficiency may conflict with accuracy. National systems generally seek to foster equal treatment of defendants and respect for theirrights while also controlling or reducing crime and protecting the rights of victims. Systems thatrecognize prosecutorial discretion also seek to establish and implement policy decisions aboutthe best ways to address various social problems, priorities, and the allocation of resources. …
