Business Organizations Law Commons^™

The S.E.C.'S Unconstitutionally Compelled Speech, Steven J. Cleveland

Faculty Articles

Congress delegated to the Securities & Exchange Commission (S.E.C.) the regulation of the sale and trading of securities as well as the solicitation of proxies. The S.E.C. compels disclosure by involved parties to ensure that investors can make informed decisions regarding their trades and the exercise of voting rights with respect to their securities. Such important governmental interests routinely leave one without basis to challenge the compelled speech imposed by the S.E.C. Because it generally can compel speech by parties involved in securities transactions and the solicitation of proxies, the S.E.C. is insensitive to situations when legitimate First Amendment issues …

One Size Does Not Fit All: How The California Privacy Rights Act Will Not Improve Employee Data Collection And Privacy Rights, Kayla N. Bushey

Catholic University Journal of Law and Technology

No abstract provided.

Rethinking 'What Counts' As Accountability, Jonathan Fox

Perspectives

The current accountability impasse suggests it may be time to rethink core concepts, as well as the field’s underlying theories of change. The idea of accountability is malleable, ambiguous — and contested. This fuzziness poses challenges for both theory and practice – how do we know what strategies bolster accountability – or whether accountability produces its expected effects? This think piece recognizes the challenge of defining ‘what counts’ as accountability, unpacks a longstanding theory of change - that sunshine is the best disinfectant - and considers some information-based reform initiatives to identify missing links in the causal chain between transparency …

An Increased Normalization Of Iams Faces Ground Realities: Lack Of Transparency Impedes Access To Iams, Hamid Sharif

Perspectives

The creation of the Inspection Panel at the World Bank has led to the emergence of a norm that international financial institutions (IFIs) must hold themselves accountable to project-affected people through independent accountability mechanisms (IAMs). AIIB as a 21^st century bank reflects this normalization of IAMs. As a new MDB, AIIB’s charter mandates creation of an oversight body that includes the independent accountability mechanism or the Project-affected People’s mechanism (PPM). The PPM is aligned with many features of IFI’s IAMs while incorporating some innovations.

The central question asked by civil society and board members across IFIs is why there …

การบังคับใช้คำสั่งของสหภาพยุโรปว่าด้วยว่าด้วยการตรวจสอบสถานะความยั่งยืนขององค์กรนอกอาณาเขต: ศึกษากรณีสิทธิแรงงานเมียนมาร์, เน โม โม อุ้

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ผลกระทบจากการปฏิวัติฤดูใบไม้ผลิของเมียนมาได้ทำลายความพยายามทางเศรษฐกิจและสังคมของประเทศ ส่งผลกระทบต่อชีวิตของประชาชนทุกคน วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เน้นย้ำถึงชีวิตของแรงงานในภาคอุตสาหกรรมเสื้อผ้าของเมียนมาที่ถูกเอารัดเอาเปรียบเนื่องจากการขาดการคุ้มครองสิทธิแรงงานที่มีประสิทธิภาพจากรัฐบาล และสำรวจวิธีการทางเลือกในการปกป้องแรงงาน คำสั่งของสหภาพยุโรปเกี่ยวกับความรับผิดชอบต่อความยั่งยืนขององค์กร (Directive of Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence - EU Directive) ได้รับการอนุมัติโดยสภายุโรปเมื่อเร็ว ๆ นี้ และขณะนี้อยู่ในขั้นตอนการตีความโดยประเทศสมาชิก คำสั่งนี้บังคับใช้และทำให้การดำเนินการด้านความรับผิดชอบต่อสิทธิมนุษยชน (HRDD) สำหรับบรรษัทข้ามชาติเป็นสิ่งถูกกฎหมาย โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง คำสั่งนี้กำหนดให้บรรษัทต้องดูแลแนวปฏิบัติการคุ้มครองสิทธิมนุษยชนตลอดห่วงโซ่คุณค่า และรับผิดชอบหากมีการละเมิดสิทธิมนุษยชนเกิดขึ้นในห่วงโซ่คุณค่านั้น วิทยานิพนธ์นี้ประเมินว่าคำสั่งนี้สามารถใช้เป็นทางเลือกในการปกป้องสิทธิของแรงงานเมียนมาได้หรือไม่ การวิเคราะห์ชี้ว่าในทางทฤษฎี ขอบเขตที่กว้างขวางของคำสั่งนี้สามารถครอบคลุมเมียนมาได้ และดังนั้น ข้อกำหนด HRDD ที่บังคับใช้ตามคำสั่งของสหภาพยุโรปอาจมีศักยภาพในการให้การคุ้มครองสิทธิแรงงานที่มีประสิทธิภาพสำหรับแรงงานเมียนมา

Eliminating Cash Bail In Washington State—Amending Criminal Rule 3.2, Simran Kaur

Seattle University Law Review

This Note discusses the following three parts. Part I provides an overview of the cash bail system, its history, and its contemporary use in Washington state. Part II presents the effects of bail on pretrial release, analyzing low-income and racial inequalities and the adverse impacts it can have on the accused. Part III focuses on solutions and alternatives to the cash bail system, using other states as case studies.

Promoting Corporate Diversity: The Uncertain Role Of Institutional Investors, Jill Fisch

Seattle University Law Review

Two developments are having an impact on corporate decisions. One is the increased engagement by institutional intermediaries and a shift in the focus of that engagement from corporate governance to environmental and social issues. The other is a heightened societal awareness of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues, particularly the importance of diversity in corporate leadership. This Article considers the intersection between the two. It describes how institutional investors have focused their attention on increasing diversity in corporate leadership, the potential motivations for that focus, and the impact of that focus, to date. It highlights the tensions that result from …

America’S Hidden Citizens: The Untold Stories Of The Unconscionable Deportations Of Its International Adoptees, Halley Cody

Seattle University Law Review

This Note addresses how the U.S. should rectify the harms it has perpetrated on non-citizen adoptees by amending the current deportation statutes to prevent their deportation. Part I addresses the history of adoption in the U.S. and related effects on immigration law. Part II highlights the stories of Adam Crapser and Philip Clay, who were adopted by American families who failed to naturalize them as minors, and who were subsequently deported after they sustained criminal records. Part III examines the policy goals behind deportation as a consequence of criminal convictions, as well as remedies instituted to prevent unwarranted deportation and …

Inadequate Privacy: The Necessity Of Hipaa Reform In A Post-Dobbs World, Katherine Robertson

Seattle University Law Review

Part I of this Comment will provide an overview of HIPAA and the legal impacts of Dobbs. Part II will discuss the anticipatory response to the impacts of Dobbs on PHI by addressing the response from (1) the states, (2) the Biden Administration, and (3) the medical field. Part III will discuss the loopholes that exist in HIPAA and further address the potential impacts on individuals and the medical field if reform does not occur. Finally, Part IV will argue that the reform of HIPAA is the best avenue for protecting PHI related to reproductive healthcare.

Regulatory Innovation And Permission To Fail: The Case Of Suptech, Hilary J. Allen

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

The recent U.S. Supreme Court decision West Virginia v. EPA has cast a pall over the discretion of administrative agencies at a very inopportune time. The private sector is currently adopting new technologies at a rapid pace, and as regulated industries become more technologically complex, administrative agencies must innovate technological tools of their own in order to keep up. Agencies will increasingly struggle to do their jobs without that innovation, but the private sector is afforded something that is both critical to the innovation process, and often denied to administrative agencies: “permission to fail.” Without some grace for the inevitable …

The Uniform Commercial Code Survey: Introduction, Jennifer S. Martin, Colin P. Marks, Wayne Barnes

Faculty Articles

The survey that follows highlights the most important developments of 2022 dealing with domestic and international sales of goods, personal property leases, payments, letters of credit, documents of title, investment securities, and secured transactions. Along with the usual descriptions of interesting judicial decisions in these areas, which are highlighted in the survey, there has also been important legislative progress. The 2022 Amendments to the Uniform Commercial Code ("U.C.C.") (the "2022 Amendments") have been adopted in eight states and introduced in nineteen plus the District of Colombia.

"Grossly Negligent Utilities," "Unimaginable Property Damage" And The Scope Of Liability Insurers' Duty To Indemnify Subrogated Property Insurers - Probative And Empirical Inferences From Courts' Divided Subrogation And Indemnification Decision, Willy E. Rice

Faculty Articles

Each year, extreme weather, natural disasters and allegedly "grossly negligent" investor-owned utilities concurrently destroy property, persons and lives. In the wake, billions of dollars are lost. Given utilities' general immunity under the judicially created filed-rate or filed-tariff doctrine, residential and commercial owners are precluded from filing ordinary negligence actions against utilities. Thus, many injured consumers try to settle their property-loss claims with their insurers. Some property insurers satisfy the "make-whole" doctrine and cover all losses. Most insurers, however, refuse to settle any claim. Or, they partially compensate the insureds. Yet, an overwhelming majority of property insurers are increasingly filing subrogation …

Fair Value As Process: A Retrospective Reconsideration Of Delaware Appraisal, William Wilson Bratton

Articles

This Article reconsiders the jurisprudence of fair value under Delaware's appraisal remedy, placing recent cases in historical perspective and offering a novel account. Its central observation is that appraisal has developed into a process jurisprudence rather than jurisprudence devoted to the articulation of an entitlement. As such it defies expectations and excites the wrath of academic commentators looking for a more conventional, rights-based evolution. There is a nominal entitlement: the cases at all times announce that shareholder dissenters may pursue going concern value (as opposed to third party sale value) as the measure of fair value. But the Delaware courts …

The Irrelevance Of Delaware Corporate Law, Robert J. Rhee

UF Law Faculty Publications

Delaware corporation law is dominant in America. If the effects of efficient rules are incorporated as information by an efficient capital market, the preferred choice of Delaware could evince the deliberate selection of better laws. Superior law as a product of state competition is the central argument for corporate law federalism. Despite the spirited debate on the race to the bottom or the top, a recognition of a “Delaware premium” to firm value is scant. This article conducts a longitudinal study of valuations. It analyzes the market values and stock prices of public Fortune 500 companies over the five-year period …

The Foundation Of The Theory Of Law And Business, James E. Holloway Professor (Retired)

American University Business Law Review

The theory of law and business needs a jurisprudential foundation ensuring and enhancing fact sensitivity, analytical scrutiny, and methodological order in making lawful and examining unlawful decisions, plans and practices, recognizing unethical and other normative breaches of lawful decisions, and assessing the impact of law on business and its organizations and disciplines. This Article consists of eight parts explaining the explanatory, analytical, and methodological nature of the jurisprudential foundation and its ability to enable and support the theory of law and business in ascertaining and understanding legality, illegality, normative values, and the impact of law on business. Part II extends …

No Harm No Foul?: The Remnants Of Pure Consumer Harm In Monopsony Cases Under The Sherman Act, William Jackson

American University Business Law Review

Part II of this Comment discusses the contested development of the consumer harm standard under the antitrust laws, the economic underpinnings of monopsonies as opposed to traditional monopolies, and the problems that courts have faced (or more frequently ignored) when deciding monopsony cases under the Sherman Act. Part III analyzes how courts that have abandoned a strict requirement of consumer harm are better able to conform with the true purpose of the Sherman Act. Part IV recommends that the U.S. Supreme Court must formally disavow the consumer harm standard in monopsony cases, or Congress must amend the Sherman Act to …

Diversity Disclosures: Unconstitutionally Compelled Speech By The Sec, Steven Cleveland

Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Three Decades Of Seeking Elusive Remedies, Richard E. Bissell

Perspectives

Remedy is a topic to be approached with some trepidation in the area of accountability. Throughout three decades of proliferating International Accountability Mechanisms ( IAMs), remedy has been the issue least addressed by leadership. Most management and board members find it threatening, wherever a remedial action falls on the spectrum, from an apology for error to financial compensation. The pursuit of remedy builds on the demonstrated existence of harm, which is embarrassing at the least, and brings a focus on consequences and actionable steps for those people whose lives have been damaged as well as for environmental violations. This short …

Universal Forms Of Influence: Support For Women On Boards, Cindy A. Schipani, Paula J. Caproni

Seattle University Law Review

There are various efforts underway to increase gender diversity on corporate boards, including legislation in California, a recent SEC approved comply or explain rule for companies listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange, and efforts by institutional investors such as State Street and BlackRock to recognize the value diversity brings to corporate decisionmaking. Although some of these efforts are being contested in the courts, many companies have begun to comply with these initiatives.

This Article is organized as follows. Part I provides an overview of several efforts to increase gender diversity on boards along with numerous research studies showcasing the benefits …

“Statistics Are Human Beings With The Tears Wiped Away”: Utilizing Data To Develop Strategies To Reduce The Number Of Native Americans Who Go Missing, Lori Mcpherson, Sarah Blazucki

Seattle University Law Review

On New Year’s Eve night, 2019, sixteen-year-old Selena Shelley Faye Not Afraid attended a party in Billings, Montana, about fifty miles west of her home in Hardin, Montana, near the Crow Reservation. A junior at the local high school, she was active in her community. The party carried over until the next day, and she caught a ride back toward home with friends in a van the following afternoon. When the van stopped at an interstate rest stop, Selena got out but never made it back to the van. The friends reported her missing to the police and indicated they …