Business Organizations Law Commons^™

Treble, Treble Toil And Trouble: The New Per Se Rule As A Protection Against The Curse Of The "Supreme Evil", Seth Konopasek

William & Mary Business Law Review

The Supreme Court has called collusion between firms the “supreme evil” of antitrust. Despite public and private enforcement efforts, collusive firms and the cartels they form cost American consumers billions of dollars a year and undermine the virtues of our free market economy. The Chicago School theory of antitrust enforcement, which has dominated antitrust scholarship, vehemently disapproves of private antitrust actions that enable plaintiffs to recover treble damages. Recent scholarship, however, has rejected the Chicago School’s concerns of overdeterrence and embraced the treble damages remedy. This Note follows the recent scholarship and proposes the New Per Se Rule, which would …

Blurred Lines: Disparate Impact And Disparate Treatment Challenges To Subjective Decisions-- The Case Of Reductions In Force, Allan King, Alexandra Hemenway

William & Mary Business Law Review

Subjective employment decisions may be challenged under disparate treatment (intentional discrimination) and/or disparate impact (the discriminatory consequences of a neutral policy) theories of discrimination. However, these theories and supporting evidence often are conflated when the criteria for selecting employees are ill-defined or unrecorded. In those instances, the process by which employees are selected merges with the selections themselves, these legal theories converge as well. This Article critically discusses how courts have struggled to distinguish these theories in cases alleging a discriminatory reduction in force. It suggests how these cases should be submitted to juries, to preserve the liability and remedies …

Corporate Social Responsibility, Uche Ewelukwa Ofodile, Chisara Ezie, Nigel Roberts, Dr. Corinne Lewis, Constance Wagner, Claudia Feldkamp, Michael Judin

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

International M&A And Joint Ventures, Vanesa Balda, Marilen Figueroa, Jose Otavio Pinheiro Olivero, Gordon N. Cameron, Laura Fraser, Francisco Ugarte, Lucille Barale, H. Jayesh, Aditi Bagri, Aaheree Mukherjee, Nicolas Van Heule, Eva Das, Frederik De Hosson, Elena Cuatrecasas, Isabel Gandoy, Timur Bondaryev, Alex L. Khakarian, Joseph J. Basile

The Year in Review

No abstract provided.

Corporatizing Administrative Law For Economic Constitutionalism In Ghana: An African Legal Study, Rowland Atta-Kesson

Maurer Theses and Dissertations

As the Government of Ghana partners the private sector to promote district industrialization in Ghana under what is locally called “one-district-one factory” (1D1F), this study argues that it is important to foster economic constitutionalism with legal and institutional innovations. One such innovation is this study’s emergent or grounded theory of corporatized administrative law. The study is unique because it contributes to the so-called new administrative law theory with fresh evidence from Ghana on the interface between the public and private sectors under the district industrialization program. The key problem is the challenge that democratic policy discontinuity poses to business protection …

No Shirt, No Shoes, No Mask, No Entry, And (Hopefully) No Lawsuits Under The Georgia Covid-19 Business Safety Act!, Franklin Schrum

Mercer Law Review

The COVID-19 Pandemic continues to send shockwaves throughout the United States and all other nations by impacting much more than just the way we live and go about our normal day. Today, in most states, it is considered a common norm to see someone wearing a mask, frequently using sanitizer, or even stocking up on an abnormal amount of household items like toilet paper. Globally, over a million lives have been lost, businesses have become bankrupt, and the economy initially fallen substantially due to the Pandemic. Prominent retailers such as Brooks Brothers, J. Crew, and JCPenney have all filed for …

Singapore’S Special Insolvency Scheme For Small Companies, Vincent Ooi, Aurelio Gurrea-Martinez

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In this article, the authors examine a temporary program in Singapore to help micro and small businesses facing insolvency amid the COVID-19 crisis.

The Growing Monopoly In The Corn Seed Industry: Is It Time For The Government To Interfere?, Bethany K Sumpter

Texas A&M Law Review

How a company conducts business is often a consumer concern. Individuals have accused company after company of monopolistic behavior. These individuals have also criticized the Department of Justice for not stopping a monopoly from forming in a specific industry. An example is the corn seed industry, where stakeholders have accused companies of monopolistic behavior. Recent mergers and acquisitions in the corn seed industry have left fewer companies in control, and because of this consolidation, individuals are urging the government to act. This Comment argues that, while the corn seed industry is on the road to containing a monopoly, the industry …

Potential Competition And Antitrust Analysis: Monopoly Profits Exceed Duopoly Profits, Steven C. Salop

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This short note prepared for an OECD meeting in June 2021 examines several antitrust issues involving analysis of potential competition. While the analysis is not new, it is still useful to collect them together in a unified fashion to show how they are related. In this regard, all the analysis and conclusions flow from the overarching (and obvious) points that exclusionary conduct and agreements that maintain monopoly power very often harm consumers, and that monopoly profits typically exceed the combined duopoly profits earned by the dominant firm and the entrant, if there is successful entry. While this is not inevitably …

Corruption In Capsules: How It Is Legal For Companies To Put Harmful Ingredients In Vitamins And Dietary Supplements, Emily Leggiero

English Department: Research for Change - Wicked Problems in Our World

The vitamin and supplement industry has increased exponentially in profits as well as potential products on the market since the turn of the century. However, these products are not regulated, nor do they undergo any premarket clinical research or testing. Public health is compromised by vitamins and supplements that are available for American consumption that is disproportionately unregulated to their chemically similar counterparts. This wicked problem is facilitated through the combination of historical legislative definitions that has since been distorted for corrupt administrative gain through the allotment of corporate expenditures. Company disbursements are made to the same policymakers that create …

You're The Problem, Officer: Whether Executive Officers Should Be Subjected To The Same Standards Of Liability As Directors Under Current Corporate Governance Law, Margo Brandenburg

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Stock Market Value And Deal Value In Appraisal Proceedings, Robert T. Miller

Notre Dame Law Review

This Essay considers two methods of valuing public companies in the context of appraisal proceedings under section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (DGCL). The first method relies on the efficient capital markets hypothesis (ECMH) and values the company based on the market price of its shares before any public disclosure of the possibility of a transaction (the unaffected market price). The second relies on the price that an unrelated party agrees to pay to acquire the company in a transaction negotiated at arm’s length after a robust sales process by the selling board (the deal price). Both the …

Rethinking Mac Clauses In The Time Of Akorn, Boston Scientific, And Covid-19, Samuel Shapiro

Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review

The MAC clause is perhaps the most important clause in contract law, giving acquirers the ability to terminate even the largest agreements in the face of an often vaguely defined “Material Adverse Change.” For decades, even though MAC clauses have been present in nearly every merger agreement, courts have almost universally refused to enforce them. But the Delaware Chancery Court’s 2018 decision in Akorn may finally change that. As the world deals with the economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19, courts may soon get more opportunities to decide whether or not they will follow Akorn’s lead and begin to allow …

'Public' Mutual Funds, Jeff Schwartz

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

The concentration of public equity in the hands of just a few mutual-fund complexes has raised concerns about whether these institutions take seriously the stewardship obligations that come with the significant voting power that they have amassed. One leading theory, the agency-cost theory, is that the major fund complexes, all of which specialize in passively managed funds, lack the incentive to adequately police corporate managers on behalf of fund shareholders. Others counter that competition for mutual-fund investors provides sufficient incentive for satisfactory oversight.

I argue that neither agency costs nor competitive incentives are the primary driver of stewardship behavior. Rather, …

Social Enterprise Law: A Theoretical And Comparative Perspective, Rado Bohinc, Jeff Schwartz

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

This article analyzes social enterprise from a theoretical and comparative perspective. Social enterprises are distinct from nonprofits because they have equity-holders; they are distinct from socially minded for-profits because their mission is sacrosanct. We set out a regulatory template to support entities with this unique hybrid character. Only companies that commit to a mission-centric purpose, and adopt transparency and accountability mechanisms that police faithfulness to this commitment, would be entitled to call themselves “social enterprises.” This narrowly tailored regulatory structure would allow these firms to stand out and attract likeminded consumers and investors.

Neither the US nor the EU offers …

The Case For Preemptive Oligopoly Regulation, Jeffrey D. Manns

Indiana Law Journal

One of the few things former President Donald Trump and leading Democrats appear to agree on is the need to subject Big Technology (“Big Tech”) firms to antitrust scrutiny. But unsurprisingly they disagree about how to address the problem. Senator Elizabeth Warren and many other leading Democrats have called for breaking up large technology firms, such as Google, Amazon, and Facebook, in a revival of the trust-busting progressive era of the early twentieth century. In contrast, the Trump administration triggered more traditional antitrust monopoly review of potential anticompetitive activities of a number of leading technology firms, which is more likely …

Follow-Up Enforcement, Andrew K. Jennings

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Sec's Shareholder Proposal: Creating A Corporate Public Square, Randall S. Thomas, James Cox

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

In this Article, we take advantage of this Symposium's goals to think broadly about the future of Rule 14a-8 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the shareholder proposal rule. We set forth a vision for the rule to address boardroom insularity by likening the shareholder proposal rule as the public square for shareholders. The existence of such a forum would redound to the benefit of investors, officers, and boards of directors as a fount of current and usefuil information about their investors' and stakeholders' concerns.

We therefore rethink the mission of Rule 14a-8. In doing so, we explore whether …

Pengalihan Hak Atas Saham Dalam Pembentukan Holding Badan Usaha Milik Negara, Amelia Maulanasari

Indonesian Notary

The establishment of a holding is a government action in uniting the business lines of State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) in Indonesia through the transfer of rights to shares with the participation of state capital which adopts the concept of acquisition of rights over shares in company law. Acquisition of rights over shares which are shareholders in this concept of ownership is the acquisition of rights over shares directly through shareholders, which is the State, in a SOE. The establishment of SOE holding resulting legal consequences of the birth of a new position which company as the holding company and subsidiary. The …

Peranan Pt Bursa Efek Indonesia Dan Notaris Dalam Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Penyelenggara Pasar Alternatif Berdasarkan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 8/Pojk.04/2019 Tentang Penyelenggara Pasar Alternatif, Anggis Dinda Pratiwi Md

Indonesian Notary

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai peranan PT Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) sebagai Bursa Efek dan Penyelenggara Pasar Alternatif (PPA). Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) menunjuk PT BEI sebagai PPA, padahal POJK Nomor 8 /POJK.04/2019 tentang Penyelenggara Pasar Alternatif (POJK PPA) menyebutkan bahwa transaksi dilakukan “antar pengguna jasa secara terus-menerus di luar Bursa Efek”. Pengertian tersebut masih belum selaras dengan pengertian Transaksi di Luar Bursa dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 22/POJK.04/2019 tentang Transaksi Efek (POJK Transaksi Efek). Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah peran PT BEI dalam keberadaan PPA sebagai penyelenggara transaksi surat utang (obligasi); perbandingan dari sudut pandang aturan …