Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons^™

Energy In The Portuguese Climate Framework Law, Rute Saraiva

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The Portuguese Climate Framework Law of 2021 has been underassessed by legal scholars. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate it through an energy lens. Through a close analysis of the legal text, the article seeks, firstly, to determine how the climate-energy relationship is treated, and then to understand the challenges that arise in implementing this Law, especially its interaction with the Environmental Policy Basis Law of 2014.

Entire Issue Vol. 14 No. 2

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Vol 14(2)

Prawo W Energetyce W Dobie Zmian Klimatu – W Trosce O Przyszłe Pokolenia, Monika A. Król, Sylwia Wojtczak

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

from the managing editors Monika A. Król and Sylwia Wojtczak

Ewolucja Wspólnej Polityki Energetycznej W Europie W Zakresie Odnawialnych Źródeł Energii I Energetyki Jądrowej, Kamil O. Olczak

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The article presents the evolution of energy policy in the field of renewable energy sources and nuclear energy through the lens of European Union law. The formation of the common energy market in Europe is a process that began in the 1950s and continues to this day. The study outlines legal regulations concerning energy that were included in the Treaties establishing the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Atomic Energy Community. Further on, the introduction of Title XXI “Energy” into the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provided energy policy with a distinct legal foundation. The …

Otoczenie Regulacyjne Jako Czynnik Warunkujący Rozwój I Efektywne Funkcjonowanie Dolin Wodorowych W Polsce, Hanna Spasowska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The construction and development of the hydrogen ecosystem may become an important pillar of the transformation of the Polish economy. It will achieve climate neutrality and remain competitive, while taking advantage of the current leading role of the hydrogen producer. These objectives are to be achieved, among others, by hydrogen valleys, which are being created in an increasing number of Polish regions, and, in accordance with the EU hydrogen strategy, are to become an integrated element of the European hydrogen ecosystem. The construction and functioning of the entire ecosystem, with hydrogen valleys as its key elements, must be coordinated at …

Parę Słów O Zasadach Odpowiedzialności W Prawie Atomowym, Natalia Tucholska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

This article discusses the issue of liability and basis of liability in nuclear law. It examines the system of nuclear law, and describes liability and its characteristics. The system of liability rules in nuclear law consists of general principles of public law, and following more detailed rules of administrative law, as well as specific rules on liability in nuclear law itself. In this article, the analysis of the issue of liability rules in nuclear law was combined with general considerations regarding the nuclear law system and its structure.

Odnawialne Źródła Energii Na Obszarach Wiejskich, Adam Niewiadomski

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The geographic location of renewable energy sources (RES) is one of the challenges in economic, agricultural and energy law in Poland, as well as in Europe. Rural areas offer the greatest potential for the placement of renewable energy sites, while ensuring their competitiveness on the market. There is a problem, however, in the lack of clear legal regulations enabling the positioning of renewable energy sources in rural areas. This article evaluates selected legal instruments of spatial planning, which are intended to improve the process of RES development. At the same time, the relationship between the use of rural areas for …

O Wyodrębnianiu Się Prawa Zmian Klimatu, Monika A. Król

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

W ostatnich trzech dekadach zaważamy wzrost jurydyzacji problematyki odnoszącej się do zmian klimatu zarówno na płaszczyźnie międzynarodowej, unijnej, jak i krajowej. W doktrynie prawa działania na rzecz ochrony klimatu (przeciwdziałania zmianom i adaptacji do zmian klimatu) identyfikowane są dwojako: jako współczesny nurt prawa ochrony środowiska, ale też wyłaniający się już nowy dział – prawo klimatyczne. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza poglądów doktryny dotycząca podziału prawa na gałęzie, ewolucji poglądów co do miejsca prawa ochrony środowiska w systemie prawa, a na tym tle podjęcie badań nad stanowiskiem doktryny uzasadniającym wyodrębnienie nowego działu prawa, jakim jest prawo zmian klimatu. Przeprowadzona analiza poglądów doktryny …

Bilansowanie Handlowe W Świetle Nowych Regulacji – Aspekty Cywilnoprawne, Tadeusz Zieliński

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Commercial balancing and the role of the balance responsible party, as one of the basic elements of the electricity market, do not raise practical doubts among market participants, in particular those carrying out related tasks. At the same time, said institutions, and the regulations that concern them, have not been the subject of a more extensive discussion in legal terms. The consequence of this state of affairs was the formation of misconceptions among both entities acting on the electricity market and the energy regulator, regarding the subject matter of commercial balancing, the capacity in which the balance responsible party operates, …

Atomic And/Or Renewable Energy Sources In The Mitigation Of Climate Change In Czech Law, Milan Damohorský

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje analizę ram prawnych regulujących funkcjonowanie energetyki jądrowej oraz odnawialnych źródeł energii w Czechach, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich roli w procesie przeciwdziałania zmianie klimatu. W obliczu rosnącego zapotrzebowania na energię oraz pogłębiających się globalnych problemów środowiskowych, czeski porządek prawny ulega dostosowaniom odpowiadającym na wyzwania związane z ochroną klimatu, bezpieczeństwem energetycznym oraz transformacją w kierunku zrównoważonych źródeł energii. Przeprowadzona analiza uwypukla wzajemne relacje pomiędzy krajowym ustawodawstwem czeskim a dyrektywami Unii Europejskiej, a także identyfikuje konflikty prawne i środowiskowe, które pojawiają się w praktyce wdrażania rozwiązań opartych na odnawialnych i jądrowych źródłach energii. Artykuł omawia ponadto kierunki polityki energetycznej oraz …

Sosiologi Hukum Dan Perubahan Sosial: Studi Kasus Uu No. 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak Sebagai Respon Terhadap Kesadaran Sosial Yang Meningkat Akan Hak Anak, Fahrul Rozi

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Dalam konteks sosial yang dinamis, kesadaran akan hak anak telah meningkat, terlihat dari perhatian masyarakat terhadap isu-isu seperti kekerasan, eksploitasi, dan diskriminasi. Meskipun UU No. 35 Tahun 2014 memberikan kerangka hukum yang kuat untuk melindungi hak-hak anak, tantangan dalam pelaksanaannya masih ada, termasuk kurangnya sumber daya dan koordinasi antar lembaga. Anak jalanan, sebagai kelompok yang paling rentan, sering kali terjebak dalam siklus kemiskinan dan stigma sosial, yang menghambat upaya perlindungan. Menekankan pentingnya edukasi dan sosialisasi mengenai hak anak, serta peran aktif masyarakat dan media dalam mendukung perlindungan anak. Dengan kolaborasi antara pemerintah, masyarakat, dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat, diharapkan hak-hak anak …

Flowing Cleanly: The Proper Roles Of The Courts And The Ftc In The Information Marketplace Of Advertising, Kateri J. Son

Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary

After an introduction in Section I, Section II of this article will present the history of the commercial speech doctrine, illustrating the rules courts use to evaluate whether the FTC’s actions were constitutional. Section III will explain how the FTC combats deception and will describe the choice of remedies the FTC has available. Section IV will present and evaluate three potential solutions to the conflict between the courts and the FTC on First Amendment issues that courts have implemented. Finally, Section V argues that conflict between the two entities is inevitable, and therefore the middle approach is the best solution …

K-Popopoly: Navigating Antitrust Terrain In South Korea’S Music Markets, Elise Joffe

Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law

South Korea’s unique blend of Chaebol dominance and a booming K-Pop industry contrasts sharply with U.S. antitrust norms, raising key questions about how competition law adapts across cultures.

Shackles Or Safeguards?: Tailoring Ndas And Noncompetes To Protect Interests Without Imposing Uniform Restraints, Nadia Brenden

The Journal of Business, Entrepreneurship & the Law

To better understand the implications of the FTC’s sweeping proposal and the need for a state-by-state approach, the following sections dive into the legal, historical, and comparative foundations of restrictive covenants, trace their evolution across jurisdictions, and explain why states—not federal agencies—are best positioned to strike the right balance. Part II provides an overview of legal doctrines governing the transmission of proprietary information, a history of the early applications of employment contracts, and a comparative analysis of international noncompete standards. Part III describes how different jurisdictions apply trade secret, contract, and employment law to protect business interests through enforceable agreements. …

Applying Federal Antitrust Law To Banking Services—Noninterest-Bearing Mortgage Escrow Accounts, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

It is reasonable that lenders should require mortgage escrow accounts on high loan-to-value mortgages, for lenders are extending a significant amount of credit. Since a house is often the single most valuable purchase ever made by a family, that house is often the only asset of sufficient value to secure the loan. Therefore, the lender will want assurances that the value of the house will be maintained. Mortgage escrow accounts help provide that assurance by protecting against tax liens and accidental damage. But noninterest-bearing mortgage escrow accounts have recently come under fire from consumer advocates. The complaint is that the …

Applying Federal Antitrust Law To Banking Services—Noninterest-Bearing Mortgage Escrow Accounts, Maine Law Review

Maine Law Review

It is reasonable that lenders should require mortgage escrow accounts on high loan-to-value mortgages, for lenders are extending a significant amount of credit. Since a house is often the single most valuable purchase ever made by a family, that house is often the only asset of sufficient value to secure the loan. Therefore, the lender will want assurances that the value of the house will be maintained. Mortgage escrow accounts help provide that assurance by protecting against tax liens and accidental damage. But noninterest-bearing mortgage escrow accounts have recently come under fire from consumer advocates. The complaint is that the …

No Lawyer, No Jail: A Critical Case Study Of Pragmatism And The Flaws Of “Purposeful” Decision Making In Argersinger V. Hamlin, Alisa Smith, Sarah K. Stice

Seattle University Law Review

By releasing conference notes and internal communications, Supreme Court Justices provide insight into the otherwise private decisionmaking process, shedding light on how case outcomes and legal reasoning are framed and negotiated. The watershed case of Argersinger v. Hamlin (1972) extended the constitutional right to counsel to some, but not all, misdemeanor defendants. The case was argued twice, and the Court relied on empirical and authoritative sources to answer complex and practical questions about requiring counsel. This case study employs critical discourse analysis to uncover what influenced the Justices’ decisions and how they framed, shaped, and constructed social realities to foreground …

The Race To Erase: Destruction Of Government Documents Undermines Freedom-Of-Information Laws, Frank D. Lomonte

Seattle University Law Review

In August 2019, reporters with Chattanooga’s daily newspaper, the Times Free Press, filed what seemed to be a routine request for access to emails and other public records held by their local county government. The seemingly unremarkable request set the newspaper’s staff on a months-long journey of unpleasant surprises. The first was a demand to pay the county $717 in advance before being allowed to inspect the documents. The second was that—during prolonged haggling over the fee assessment— the county attorney’s office simply destroyed almost all of the disputed records. Third, and most glaringly, the journalists discovered that Tennessee law …

When You’Re Arrested For A Felony In Seattle, You’Ll Meet Me., Austin Field

Seattle University Law Review

In this Essay, Austin Field, a practicing public defender, uses a first-person perspective to describe what it is like to meet a criminal defendant for the first time. He explains the process from start to finish, detailing everything from the way he introduces himself to how bail works.

"I’ll ask you for your name. Most of the time, you tell me. I check your name against my list. On any given day I’m supposed to interview between five and fifteen people. I have a lot of questions for you. We only have about ten minutes."

The Public Square In A Private-Property Obsessed Country: What New York City’S Pops Regulations Get Right And Why Other Cities Should (Mostly) Copy Them, Carson Mcgregor

Seattle University Law Review

When New York City (NYC) was first becoming the metropolitan monolith it is today, it had a problem: the city streets were chock full of skyscrapers, and sunlight, air, and usable open space were at a premium. In response, the City promulgated its first Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS) regulations, which allowed developers to build skyward in exchange for providing public space on the street level. Unfortunately, in July of 2023, the New York Times (NYT) discovered that New Yorkers received only a fraction of what they were promised. Building owners received billions of dollars’ worth of added floor space, …