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The Transfer Of Personal Data From The European Union To The People’S Republic Of China – The Influence On Consumer Rights Of The Lack Of Transparency In Data Transfers, Wojciech Panek

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

This paper addresses the issue of personal data transfers from a territory within the European Union to the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter: China). The underling research was designed to assess the privacy policy provisions on data transfer to third countries, particularly China. The analysis covered the privacy policies of selected Chinese entrepreneurs operating in the territory of the European Union, namely Xiaomi, Aliexpress and WeChat. These entities belong to the most popular Chinese businesses present in the European market. The analysis corroborated that ‘contractual clauses’ were most commonly used out of the ‘appropriate safeguards’ covered by Article 46 GDPR. …

Sprawozdanie Z Konferencji Pn. „Greenwashing – Opportunities And Challenges Of The New Eu Rule”, Leuven, 14 Czerwca 2024 Roku, Ewa Gojniczek-Godlewska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

14 June 2024

Sprawozdanie Z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej Pn. „Akt O Usługach Cyfrowych Okiem Autorów Komentarzy”, Łódź, 15 Marca 2024 Roku, Aleksandra Olbryk

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Łódź, 15 March 2024

Table Of Contents

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Table of Contents

Termin Do Złożenia Oświadczenia O Zastosowaniu Sankcji Kredytu Darmowego, Krzysztof Kaczorowski

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Niniejsze opracowanie odnosi się do zagadnienia rozpoczęcia biegu terminu do złożenia oświadczenia o zastosowaniu sankcji kredytu darmowego, unormowanego w art. 45 ukk. Przedmiotem analizy w artykule jest przede wszystkim pojęcie wykonania umowy, użyte w art. 45 ust. 5 ukk jako chwila wskazująca początek biegu ww. terminu. W dotychczasowych stanowiskach doktryny i judykatury pojawiały się dwie główne koncepcje, zgodnie z którymi umowa jest wykonana w chwili wypłaty kredytu przez kredytodawcę lub w chwili spłaty całości kredytu przez kredytobiorcę. Sformułowano trzy pytania badawcze: 1) jakie koncepcje pojęcia wykonania umowy pojawiają się na gruncie orzecznictwa i doktryny prawa polskiego i jakie argumenty przejawiają …

Osoby Fizyczne W Obliczu Identyfikacji Biometrycznej – Analiza Art. 5 Rozporządzenia O Sztucznej Inteligencji Ze Szczególnym Uwzględnieniem Ochrony Konsumentów, Aleksander Kolasa, Maciej Panek, Zuzanna Gajewska

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

In view of the intensification of artificial intelligence development, the European Union has regulated its use in Regulation 2024/1689, the Artificial Intelligence Act. The regulation is based on an analysis of the risks posed by individual artificial intelligence systems, including in relation to fundamental rights. The authors analyze Article 5 of the Regulation covering prohibited practices related to biometric identification, focusing on their impact on the protection of fundamental rights of individuals, especially consumers. The purpose of the article is to assess whether the solutions adopted effectively fulfill the above premise, which underlies the Artificial Intelligence Act, and to propose …

Czy Konsumenci Potrzebują Pewności Prawa?, Helena Kordasiewicz

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Certainty in law is a commonly used expression, but attempts to find its definition may turn out fruitless. It appears in scientific articles, goals of legislation and case law, but those use instances are not always coherent. This study aims to describe certainty in law, based on how it is interpreted in European case law, studies on legal certainty, and contract theory. At first, examples from judgments of the highest courts, in which predictability of economic relations and legal certainty occur, will be presented along with the potential dangers of improperly differentiating between the two. In the second part, a …

Przegląd Orzecznictwa Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej Oraz Pytań Prejudycjalnych Dotyczących Dyrektywy 2005/29/We O Nieuczciwych Praktykach Handlowych W Okresie Od 1 Stycznia 2023 Roku Do 31 Grudnia 2024 Roku, Magdalena El-Hagin

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

This paper analyses the judgments of the CJEU in cases: C-208/21 K.D. v. Towarzystwo Ubezpieczeń Ż S.A., C-646/22 Compass Banca and C-379/23 Guldbrev AB, as well as five references for a preliminary ruling, concerning the interpretation of Directive 2005/29 from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2024. The examination of the judgments focused on an exegesis of the facts of the particular case referred for a preliminary ruling, an indication of the position of the Court, and the author’s derivation of partial conclusions for each judgment. As regards the questions of the referring courts pending before the CJEU, the text …

Przegląd Wybranego Orzecznictwa W Sprawach Nieautoryzowanych Transakcji Płatniczych W Latach 2021–2024, Marta Fabiszewska, Julia Szulczyk

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The article presents selected case law on unauthorized payment transactions. The authors analyzed judgments issued by common courts in the period from 2021 to 2024 (final and non-final rulings), as well as the Supreme Court’s judgment of September 15, 2023, ref. II CSKP 1013/22, and the judgment of the CJUE of July 11, 2024, case C-409/22 UA v. Eurobank Bulgaria AD, in terms of problems arising from the interpretation of the provisions on unauthorized payment transactions. The authors presented the current jurisprudence with regard to issues such as: the requirement of special care on the part of banks in ensuring …

Standard Unijny A Praktyka Polskich Sądów W Sprawach Nieuczciwych Praktyk Rynkowych, Małgorzata Miś, Grzegorz Miś

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

The article analyzes the discrepancies between the consumer protection standard established by Directive 2005/29/EC and the practices of Polish courts in cases concerning unfair commercial practices. The primary goal of the Polish Act on Counteracting Unfair Commercial Practices is to prevent dishonest actions by entrepreneurs, and the proper application of the law is essential for achieving this goal. However, Polish courts face significant challenges in this regard. Several factors contribute to this issue. Firstly, courts fail to recognize the specific nature of consumer cases and that such cases should not be assessed solely through the lens of civil law. Moreover, …

Entire Issue Vol. 14 No. 1

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Vol 14(1)

The Last Great American Dynasties: Lessons In Monopoly Prevention From Mergers In Entertainment And Aviation, Margaret Bibby

Journal of Legislation

On November 1, 2022, Taylor Swift first announced The Eras Tour. The pent-up demand for a Taylor Swift concert was massive: she had not toured since the Reputation Stadium Tour in 2018, the Lover Fest Tour set for 2020 was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and her streaming numbers and popularity were higher than ever. The Eras Tour announcement stated that Ticketmaster would be the sole ticketing platform, and 3.5 million fans, known as “Swifties,” registered for a chance to purchase tickets. When presale opened on November 15, 2022, disaster struck for millions of fans. Swifties were met with …

Antiracist Antitrust: Antitrust Enforcement As A Civil Right, Synda Mark

William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice

“Tryna’ make a dollar out of fifteen cents” is more than a genius hip-hop lyric, it is also a metaphor for a real-life economic problem. It is extremely difficult for Black communities to build wealth in America. While many factors contribute to the lack of economic growth, one overlooked area is the ineffective enforcement of the antitrust laws. Even though race and antitrust law have a history that has intersected since the American Civil War, antitrust enforcement has never prioritized improving the welfare of Black communities or other marginalized groups. This must change!

Instead of focusing solely on regulating tech …

Presidential Regulation, Ganesh Sitaraman, Timothy Meyer

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

This Article documents and analyzes the rise of a new mode of economic governance: presidential regulation. Today, the President regularly bypasses not only Congress but also the executive branch’s own administrative agencies and directly imposes sweeping new economic regulations. President Biden, for instance, created new regulatory regimes governing producers of artificial-intelligence technologies, companies that trade […]

Google’S Chrome Antitrust Paradox, Shaoor Munir, Konrad Kollnig, Anastasia Shuba -- Independent Researcher, Zubair Shafiq

Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law

This Article examines Google’s dominance of the browser market, highlighting how Google’s Chrome browser plays a critical role in reinforcing Google’s dominance in other markets. While Google portrays Chrome as a neutral platform built on open-source technologies, this Article shows that Chrome is, in fact, instrumental in Google’s strategy to reinforce its dominance in the online advertising, publishing, and browser markets. The examination of Google’s strategic acquisitions, anticompetitive practices, and the implementation of so-called “privacy controls” underlines that Chrome is far from a neutral gateway to the web. Rather, it serves as a key tool for Google to maintain and …

Legal Market Decartelization, Milan Markovic, Nuno Garoupa

Faculty Scholarship

American lawyers’ grip on the legal market is receding. Scholars and policymakers increasingly agree that the public has little to lose and potentially much to gain from legal market decartelization - the weakening of the lawyers’ monopoly over the legal services market. Harkening to deregulatory initiatives abroad and in Arizona and Utah, reformers contend that removing restrictions on the corporate delivery of legal services and unauthorized practice of law will slash costs and expand access to justice.

Drawing on economic theory and recent market developments, this Article offers a cautionary rejoinder. Understandable concerns about cartelization and lawyer rent-seeking have led …

The Limits And Promise Of Global Antitrust Law, Anu Bradford, Adam S. Chilton, Katerina Linos

Faculty Scholarship

A large body of evidence suggests that open, competitive markets are a key driver of economic development. In recognition of this fact, many of the world’s leading economies not only adopted their own antitrust laws to promote competition, but they also urged developing countries around the world to do the same. This resulted in a remarkable proliferation of global antitrust law over the last several decades. Many studies have empirically examined the effect of this development, and, consistent with the hopes of policymakers, they have largely found that adopting antitrust laws produces positive economic outcomes.

In this Article, we reassess …

The Missing Caselaw Of Reverse-Payment Settlements, Michael A. Carrier, Edward Bank

St. John's Law Review

In 2013, the Supreme Court issued one of the most important antitrust rulings in the past generation. In FTC v. Actavis, the Court held that agreements by which brand drug firms pay generics to delay entering the market could violate antitrust law.

Some have criticized the Court for not providing sufficient guidance on the type of analysis courts should apply to settlements involving “reverse payments” (in which patentees pay infringers to delay entry in contrast to more typical agreements by which alleged infringers pay patentees to enter). For example, in his dissent in Actavis, Chief Justice Roberts wrote: …

Konstitusionalitas Model Putusan Bawaslu Dalam Penyelesaian Pelanggaran Administratif Pemilu, Muhammad Rifai Yusuf, Syarif Hidayat

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

As one of the institutions that carries out quasi-judicial functions in the field of general elections, Bawaslu could issue a decision through an adjudication process. In 2017, Bawaslu was criticized for its several decisions in the Sipol case held by the KPU for the registration of participants in the 2019 general elections, mainly because it was considered that Bawaslu equated its position with the Supreme Court by assessing that Sipol in the KPU Regulation was not in line with the Election Law. In 2024, decisions on election administrative violations appear to be softer or seem to avoid the same potential …

Orientasi Rigid Dan Moderat Dalam Penafsiran Original Intent Dan Praktiknya Di Indonesia, Muhammad Alwi Khoiri Ramdani, Susi Dwi Harijanto, Lailani Sungkar

Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan

Metode original intent lazimnya menghasilkan penafsiran yang bersifat rigid sesuai niat perumusnya. Selama konstitusi tidak diubah, maka tafsiran original intent pun tidak berubah. Namun penggunaan metode penafsiran original intent di Indonesia dapat menghasilkan pemaknaan yang berbeda/berubah meskipun ketentuan konstitusi dan perumusnya tidak berganti. Hal ini terjadi karena terdapat perkembangan pemikiran dalam penerapan metode penafsiran original intent. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perkembangan pemikiran tersebut dan menganalisa pola penerapan metode original intent dalam penafsiran konstitusi yang dilakukan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi di Indonesia. Ini merupakan penelitian doktriner dengan pendekatan konsep dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perkembangan pemikiran dalam penerapan metode penafsiran …