Antitrust and Trade Regulation Commons^™

Second-Generation Monopolization: Parallel Exclusion In Derivatives Markets, Felix B. Chang

Faculty Articles and Other Publications

The reluctance of antitrust to condemn parallel exclusion permits oligopolies to be entrenched. This is because parallel exclusion—multiple-firm conduct that inhibits market entrants—cannot satisfy the current strictures of monopolization, which is understood to prohibit single-firm conduct. Yet this is an outdated way of conceptualizing monopolization. An expansion of monopolization—to cover parallel, non-collusive acts by an oligopoly—is due.

To push the law toward recognizing parallel exclusion, this Article examines concentration in the markets for financial derivatives, which are perennially dominated by the same big banks. Even after losses under first-generation antitrust claims, the dominant derivatives dealers have found ways to retain …

Stosowanie Kar Pieniężnych W Unijnym I Polskim Prawie Konkurencji W Świetle Wymogów Ochrony Praw Człowieka, Adam Doniec

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Przedmiotem pracy jest prawna analiza norm regulujących stosowanie kar pieniężnych w unijnych i polskich postępowaniach z zakresu ochrony konkurencji pod kątem przestrzegania standardów ochrony praw człowieka. Podstawowy cel tej pracy stanowi odpowiedź na pytanie, czy w polskim i unijnym systemie stosowania kar pieniężnych za naruszenie prawa konkurencji respektowane są wymogi ochrony praw człowieka. Żeby odpowiedzieć na to pytanie autor przedstawia znaczenie i zakres wybranych praw człowieka, a następnie wskazuje (po krótkiej analizie norm regulujących stosowanie kar pieniężnych przez organy ochrony konkurencji), które elementy systemu stosowania kar pieniężnych w unijnym i polskim prawie konkurencji mogą potencjalnie zagrażać wybranym prawom. Analiza ta …

The Commensurability Myth In Antitrust, Rebecca H. Allensworth

Vanderbilt Law Review

Modern antitrust law pursues a seemingly unitary goal: competition. In fact, competition-whether defined as a process or as a set of outcomes associated with competitive markets-is multifaceted. What are offered in antitrust cases as procompetitive and anticompetitive effects are typically qualitatively different, and trading them off is as much an exercise in judgment as mathematics. But despite the inevitability of value judgments in antitrust cases, courts have perpetuated a commensurability myth, claiming to evaluate "net" competitive effect as if the pros and cons of a restraint of trade are in the same unit of measure. The myth is attractive to …

The Protection Of Pioneer Innovations – Lessons Learnt From The Semiconductor Chip Industry And Its Ip Law Framework, 32 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 151 (2016), Thomas Hoeren

UIC John Marshall Journal of Information Technology & Privacy Law

In the second half of the 20th century, semiconductor technology as integrated circuits (IC), commonly known as microchips, became more and more dominating in our lives. Microchips are the control center of simple things like toasters as well as of complex high-tech machines for medical use. Of course, they also define the hearts of each computer. With the invention of semiconductor technology, a whole new economic sector began its rise and soon played a major role in the economies of the large industrial countries like the U.S., Japan and the EC. Especially, it stands out for its innovational power and …

Protecting Trade Secrets Under International Investment Law: What Secrets Investors Should Not Tell States, 15 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 228 (2016), Daria Kim

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The article addresses specifics of trade secret protection under international investment law. As a particular example, it analyzes protection of pharmaceutical regulatory data against the background of the growing public policy campaign for broader access to clinical trial data and the recent unprecedented practice of the European Medicines Agency of disclosing clinical dossiers submitted for drug marketing approval. Given the significant role of foreign direct investment in the global pharmaceutical industry and substantial, exponentially increasing costs incurred by drug originator companies in conducting clinical trials, the prospect of investor-state dispute over data disclosure does not appear purely hypothetical. The question …

Trade Secrets, Extraterritoriality, And Jurisdiction, Robin Effron

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

The Food And Drug Administration Versus The Federal Trade Commission: Reconciling Their Interests In Regulating Homeopathic Products, 49 J. Marshall L. Rev. 1193 (2016), Jordannah Bangi

UIC Law Review

This Comment suggests that the FDA should require homeopathic products to carry a disclaimer label similar to those used on prescription drugs or certain food or food products.

Entire Issue Vol. 5 No. 6

internetowy Kwartalnik Antymonopolowy i Regulacyjny (internet Quarterly on Antitrust and Regulation)

Vol. 5(6)

Evaluating Appropriability Defenses For The Exclusionary Conduct Of Dominant Firms In Innovative Industries, Jonathan Baker

Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals

In response to antitrust cases challenging the exclusionary conduct of dominant firms, some dominant firms offer an “appropriability defense.” This defense is the claim that prohibiting the challenged conduct would lessen the dominant firm’s return to investment in research and development (R&D), undermine that firm’s incentive to innovate, and harm the prospects for industry innovation. An appropriability defense should be questioned, and often rejected, if the dominant firm would be expected to increase its own R&D effort in response to increased R&D by its rivals after liability on a dominant firm is imposed. An analytical framework for determining whether a …

Student-Athletes Vs. Ncaa: Preserving Amateurism In College Sports Amidst The Fight For Player Compensation, Audrey C. Sheetz

Brooklyn Law Review

While student-athletes are the backbone of the $11 billion college sports industry, they do not currently receive any of this revenue derived from the use of their names, images, and likenesses. The National College Athletic Association’s mission is to maintain the amateur status of student-athletes. In doing so, it precludes student-athletes from receiving any type of compensation outside of the actual cost of tuition. Amateurism, as a concept, promotes the distinction between professional and student athletes, and is the crux of the NCAA’s argument for prohibiting the compensation of student-athletes. Recently, however, the controversy surrounding the amateur status of college …

Antitrust In Zero-Price Markets: Applications, John M. Newman

Articles

"Free" products have exploded in popularity along with widespread Internet adoption-but many of them are not truly free. Customers often trade their attention or personal information to access zero-price products. This exchange dynamic brings zero-price markets within the scope of antitrust law. But despite the critical role that such markets now play in modern economies, the antitrust enterprise has largely failed to account for their unique attributes.

In response, this Article undertakes two primary tasks. The first is to address particular areas of current antitrust doctrine that require revision or reinterpretation in the face of zero prices. Topics addressed include …

Economic Ideology And The Rise Of The Firm As Criminal Enterprise, June Carbone, William K. Black

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Update On Antitrust And The Legal Issues Surrounding Cloning In The Equine World, Lewis T. Stevens

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Przemiany W Polskim Sektorze Pocztowym, Tadeusz Skoczny

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Książka zawiera materiały z I Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej pn. Przemiany w polskim sektorze pocztowym, zorganizowanej 9 listopada 2015 r. na WPiA UŁ przez Naukowe Koło Prawa Energetycznego i Innych Sektorów Infrastrukturalnych Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego pod patro­natem honorowym Prezesa UKE oraz patronatem CARS, Krajowej Izby Radców Prawnych, Łódzkiego Towarzystwa Naukowego oraz Ogólnopolskiego Związku Pracodawców Niepublicznych Operatorów Pocztowych. Zasadniczym celem konferencji było przeanalizowanie przemian zachodzących w polskim sektorze pocz­towym, w tym w szczególności postępów w zakresie liberalizacji rynków usług pocztowych. Dyskusji poddano jednak nie tylko regulacyjne wa­runki liberalizacji tych rynków oraz zapewnienia świadczenia powszechnych usług poc

Dochodzenie Przed Sądem Polskim Roszczeń Odszkodowawczych Z Tytułu Reguł Konkurencji, Anna Piszcz, Dominik Wolski

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Książka „Dochodzenie przed sądem polskim roszczeń odszkodowawczych z tytułu reguł konkurencji” pod redakcją Anny Piszcz i Dominika Wolskiego jest rezultatem pracy zespołu autorów, analizującego postanowienia dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/104/UE z 26 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie niektórych przepisów regulujących dochodzenie roszczeń odszkodowawczych z tytułu naruszenia prawa konkurencji państw członkowskich i Unii Europejskiej, objęte przepisami prawa krajowego (tzw. dyrektywy odszkodowawczej) oraz możliwości ich transpozycji do prawa polskiego. Państwa członkowskie mają do 27 grudnia 2016 r. wprowadzić w życie przepisy ustawowe, wykonawcze i administracyjne konieczne do jej wykonania. Układ książki wynika z przyjęcia przez autorów za punkt wyjścia struktury dyrektywy …

Economics Of Competition Protection. Vertical Restraints/Ekonomia Ochrony Konkurencji. Ograniczenia Wertykalne, Anna Fornalczyk, Tadeusz Skoczny

Monografie CARS/CARS Monographs

Niniejsza publikacja prezentuje dorobek międzynarodowej konferencji zorganizowanej przez Urząd Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów (UOKiK) oraz Centrum Studiów Antymonopolowych i Regulacyjnych (CARS) WZ UW. Konferencja, która odbyła się w dniach 13-14 października w Warszawie, zgromadziła wybite grono prawników ze Stanów Zjednoczonych, Komisji Europejskiej oraz wielu innych praktyków z państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej zajmujących się prawem konkurencji. Obecni byli również przedstawiciele świata naukowego z Polski i z zagranicy. Uczestnicy i uczestniczki konferencji wykazali się aktywnym udziałem w dyskusjach panelowych, wygłosili referaty naukowe, a także skorzystali z okazji, aby wymienić się opiniami i doświadczeniem zawodowym. […] cechą szczególną wyróżniającą tę publikację jest to, …

Astroturf Campaigns: Transparency In Telecom Merger Review, Victoria Peng

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Large telecommunications companies looking to merge spend millions of dollars in their lobbying efforts to clear regulatory hurdles and obtain approval for their proposed mergers. Corporations such as AT&T, Comcast, and Time Warner use public participation processes as vehicles to influence regulatory decision-making. In the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) merger review context, the notice- and-comment process and public hearings have become fertile breeding grounds for hidden corporate influence. Corporations spend millions on corporate social responsibility programs and call upon nonprofit organizations that receive their largesse to represent their corporate interests as grassroots interests when the FCC seeks public comment. This …

In Need Of Direction: An Evaluation Of The "Direct Effect" Requirement Under Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act, Claire L. Leonard

Washington and Lee Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Examination Effect: A Comparison Of The Outcome Of Patent Examination In The Us, Europe And Australia, 16 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 21 (2016), Andrew Christie, Chris Dent, John Liddicoat

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

The article provides an answer to a question that, rather surprisingly, has not been addressed in the academic literature to date: What is the practical effect of patent examination? It does so by undertaking an empirical analysis of the examination of nearly 500 patent applications, filed in identical form, in three patent offices: the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), the European Patent Office (EPO), and the Australian Patent Office (APO). By comparing the form of claim 1 as granted with claim 1 in the patent application, we can identify whether there is any meaningful difference between the two …

What Iron Pipefittings Can Teach Us About Public And Private Power In The Market, Sandeep Vaheesan

Indiana Law Journal

Government restrictions on competition, whether in the market for cars, hotel rooms, or taxicabs, have attracted a great deal of attention of late. As a basic matter, government is not exogenous to the market: a functioning state is, in reality, a precondition for modern markets. Because it establishes the rules necessary for markets to develop and potentially flourish, government unavoidably shapes the bounds and structures of the private economic sphere. And more specifically, public limitations on competition are not intrinsically hostile to the interests of ordinary Americans and can, in fact, advance vital social goals, such as full employment and …