Air and Space Law Commons^™

Nuclear Powered Satellites: The U.S.S.R. Cosmos 954 And The Canadian Claim, Eilene Galloway

Akron Law Review

“On January 24, 1978 the Soviet satellite, Cosmos 954, fell from outer space and entered Canada's airspace. The component parts of this nuclear powered satellite disintegrated and scattered radioactive debris over northwest Canada in an area the size of Austria. Fear of a nuclear explosion and unknown hazards to the environment evoked worldwide alarm. This incident set in motion a variety of studies analyzing one of the most unique multidisciplinary problems created by the use and exploration of outer space. These continuing studies of nuclear power for satellites will lead to decisions of global significance. There is an opportunity to …

Military Use Of The Space Shuttle, Walter D. Reed, Robert W. Norris

Akron Law Review

There is little doubt that the Space Shuttle will provide a "quantum jump" in man's activity in space. It will provide the means to make the transition from primarily machine-oriented space activities to man-orientated activities. Man's activities will move from exploratory to exploitative. The purpose of this article is to examine the military aspects of this transition in the context of the legal regime of outer space that has evolved in the more than two decades since the orbiting of Sputnik I. Is the prospect of increased military activities and capabilities compatible with this regime or conversely, does the legal …

International Law And Military Activities In Outer Space, Robert L. Bridge

Akron Law Review

The object of this review is to establish definitively the legal constraints which currently apply to military activities in space. Research has disclosed no single reference less than eight years old which examines all the issues to be discussed here. A great flurry of scholarly legal writing attended the launching of the Russian Sputnik in 1957, but comparatively little has been written since the late 1960's. Thus, much of the source material cited here is ten to fifteen years old.

Sts - Legal Connotations, Martin Menter

Akron Law Review

Fragile man, tailored to his planet Earth, having demonstrated in Apollo missions that he can overcome hazards of travel to the moon and return, and in Skylab and Soyuz missions that he can live in the weightlessness of space for an appreciable period of time during which he can maintain an experimental space laboratory, is about to embark in the Space Shuttle on ventures that will truly comprise another giant step for mankind.

Current Status Of Nasa Space Shuttle Regulations, George Paul Sloup

Akron Law Review

The remainder of this article will list these new Shuttle regulations, both final and pending, and provide a very brief explanation of their purpose. Critical analysis and evaluation of these regulations, however, is outside the scope of this article.

Some Aspects Of Third Party Liability In Space Shuttle Operations, Theodore E. Wolcott

Akron Law Review

It is not my intention to make a clause by clause analysis of the Space Liability Convention or treaties related thereto, an undertaking already effectively performed by others. The series of postponements of the Shuttle launch has left the initial takeoff date uncertain, thus enhancing the academic aura of this paper. Insofar as presently may seem feasible, the primary concern herein is from the point of view of a practicing American lawyer.

Private Management And Operation Of The Space Shuttle: Some Legal Problems Related To Market Entry, George S. Robinson

Akron Law Review

Most of the private enterprise constituency interested in participating in the commercial exploitation of near and deep space will be subject to a multitude of new laws and entire legal regimes, ranging in scope from public and private international law to domestic legislation, implementing regulations and, even the old and new anti-trust laws. The majority of the interested business community has no idea that an amalgam of specific legal principles and regimes already exists of sufficient distinction to be called "space law."

The New Era In Outer Space, Hamilton Desaussure

Akron Law Review

In a speech given at the Kennedy Space Center October, 1978, President Carter noted that the United States has invested about one hundred billion dollars in the United States space program and that the inauguration of the space shuttle will bring the second great era of the space age. He stated that the most paradoxical and exciting thing about the shuttle is that "it will make our use of space in the future routine and perhaps not very exciting. . . ." Routine it may not become for perhaps a generation, but exciting it will almost certainly be from the …

The Operator's Liability With Regard To Transport Of Goods By Space Shuttle, I.H. Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor

Akron Law Review

The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Object3 covers only the damage caused to third parties and objects in space. A parallel to the Warsaw Convention of 1929 which regulates the liability of air carriers for injury to transported passengers, luggage and goods, and also for delay in delivery, has not been established in space law. Until now there was no need for such a Convention. With the development of the transportation of goods in space, however, legal rules governing this liability will become desirable, if not necessary.

Uncrashworthy Aircraft And The Manufacturer's Liability, Robert Kent

Akron Law Review

The concept of crashworthiness has now been accepted by a resounding majority of states if not all states. Although widely used since Larsen in automobile crash cases, crashworthiness has only recently been successfully applied to the aircraft. Perhaps this foreshadows the future. The automobile differs only slightly from the helicopter and the airplane. All are products; all are accepted modes of transportation; and all may be designed to be reasonably safe. The doctrine of crashworthiness has been so widely accepted with respect to the automobile that the time has now arrived for the doctrine to be accepted in the field …

Lease, Charter And Interchange Of Aircraft: A Governmental Perspective, John T. Stewart Jr.

Akron Law Review

The problems concerning the responsibility of the State of registry with respect to its aircraft which are operated by an operator whose nationality is of another State are primarily jurisdictional in nature. In dealing with them international focus has been upon safety, criminal jurisdiction, property rights in aircraft, and to some extent the responsibilities for damages resulting from the operation of the aircraft which cloak both the State of registry and the State of the operator. What follows outlines briefly the various approaches used by the international legal community to resolve the problems associated with aircraft leases and will be …

A Proposal For A Commissioned Corps Of Space Travelers, Paul F. Adams

Akron Law Review

The exploitive capabilities of the Space Shuttle include its ability to function as a reconnaissance or navigational satellite, a repair or resupply station for other satellites, or as a base station for building large structures in space. Additionally, senior officials of NASA strongly support the establishment of a permanently manned space station, of which shuttle technological capabilities would be an integral part. I As astronaut Robert Crippen said after the maiden flight of Columbia: "We are really in the space business to stay." While the new space technology is undergoing refinement and the imagination is simultaneously developing virtually unlimited uses …

Hazardous Biological Activities In Outer Space, Philip Mcgarrigle

Akron Law Review

The purpose of this article is to focus on space acts that may be classified as ultrahazardous (specifically microbiological research) and to discuss how these activities are or will be affected by current or future legal regulations. Legal standards from both a United States and an international perspective will be discussed.

The Common Interest In The Exploration, Use And Exploitation Of Outer Space For Peaceful Purposes: The Soviet-American Dilemma, Carl Q. Christol

Akron Law Review

It may be supposed that the final disposition of the use of anti-satellite satellites (ASAT) will take the form of an international agreement which would prescribe required conduct and which would meet the national interests of the signatories. Some attention might be given to a possible alternative. One suggestion is for each of the superpowers to announce that it will pursue a given policy provided the same policy is adhered to by the other. Or, perhaps the promulgation of a national position, for example, a moratorium on ASAT launches, if rigorously adhered to by the other State, might lead to …

Prospects For The Demilitarization Of The Manned Space Station, Hamilton Desaussure

Akron Law Review

An incremental approach to the complete disarmament of outer space could continue with the prohibition of any type of military activity on board earth orbiting manned space stations. The U.S. and the USSR are committed to placing such stations in permanent orbit within the next decade. An international agreement giving demilitarized status to them would be a major achievement.

Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty prohibits the establishment of military bases, installations, and fortifications on the moon and other celestial bodies. Manned space stations in earth orbit should be subject to the same limitations, with military personnel permitted for …

The Present Developments Of Legal Regulations Of Space Activities In Russia And Commonwealth Of Independent States, Elena Kamenetskaya

Akron Law Review

The purpose of this article is to give general information about basic legal documents on the exploration and use of outer space which appeared in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States in the recent past.

Developing U.S. - Russian Relations: Academically, Legally And Economically, Isaac C. Hunt Jr.

Akron Law Review

No abstract provided.

Charting The Course For Use Of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems In Newsgathering, Mickey H. Osterreicher

Pepperdine Law Review

News organizations and individual journalists eagerly anticipate safely utilizing Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) for newsgathering purposes as lawmakers integrate sUAS into the National Air Space (NAS). For now, these potential users may be flying over an "unchartered" regulatory landscape while the FAA struggles to complete its administrative rulemaking. In order to better understand how media organizations and individual journalists intend to use sUAS for newsgathering purposes, the National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) developed a survey consisting of twenty-one multiple choice questions, with space for elaboration, and three questions seeking narrative responses. The survey was distributed via email to approximately …

Adopting Upward Pricing Pressure Indices In Ftc Merger Simulation Analysis: Tales From The Us Airline Industry, Sean M. Riegert

Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal

No abstract provided.

Legal Aspects Of Navigation: The Cases For Privacy And Liability: An Introduction For Non-Lawyers, Frans G. Von Der Dunk

Space, Cyber, and Telecommunications Law Program: Faculty Publications

Navigation making use of advanced technologies—notably involving radiowaves providing precise information on positioning, navigation options, and on the surrounding geographic environment—has become an ever more present phenomenon in today’s societies. Needless to say, this raises also a number of profound legal issues, some more general in nature, some more specific to the navigation sector or even a specific subsector thereof, alternatively taking on a specific flavor once arising in that context. Among those, arguably the issues of privacy and protection of data against undue interference, respectively liability for erroneous positioning, navigation, or environmental information and any damage or loss suffered …