Basque Studies Commons^™

The Differences In Talk About Violence And Terrorism: A Case Study Of Northern Ireland And The Basque Country, Mcclellan Davis

Honors Theses

The Northern Irish and Basque conflicts have been studied throughout the years, as both serve as examples of conflicts involving ethnonationalist terrorist groups and successful disarmaments. While there are similarities, there are also distinctions between the two conflicts. The Irish Republican Army (IRA) and Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) both fought for independence from a larger government, inflicted horrific pain on populations where they considered themselves members, but ultimately both ended without accomplishing their goal of separatism. This thesis seeks to understand the differences within these conflicts and their subsequent peace processes/disarmaments, which I believe contribute to the differences in ‘talk’ …

Size Matters: The Values Behind Basque Food, Font And Semiotics, Kerri Lesh

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

Text production indexes a set of values as semiotics are utilized to market gastronomic products. These values are referenced through the language used, various font styles and sizes, and the food being promoted. The Basque Country has become a “Culinary nation,” world-renowned for its unique culture and gastronomy. This paper looks at how semiotics are used to create value in marketing locally-made wine and cider. A ubiquitously seen Basque font is used for both cider and wine to reference traditional components of Basque culture, while font size on Rioja Alavesa wine labels stresses the distinction between neighboring regions. The use …

Basque Radical Rock: The Punk Ethos In Basque Identity, Edurne Arostegui

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

This paper aims to chart the origins of the so-called Basque Radical Rock movement and its varied use by different social groups, from political organizations of the time to anarchist, marginalized youth needing to express the pessimistic view of their present circumstances. Basque Radical Rock represented a growing sense of modern Basqueness and difference that shaped the scene, moving away from pastoral images toward urban decadence. Although politics did influence the growth and spread of music throughout the Basque Country, many did not feel represented by these causes. The youth’s backlash against socio-economic conditions and their nihilistic view of the …

Silence And Invisibility As Weapons Of Hegemonic Nationalism In Fernando Aramburu's Patria, Olga Bezhanova

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

Fernando Aramburu’s Patria (2016) has undoubtedly constituted one of the most explosive publishing successes of Spain’s literary market of the recent years. The author depicts Basque nationalism as a flawed product deriving from irrational violent impulses that supposedly lie at the core of the Basque identity, while privileging a hegemonic Castilian nationalism. Aramburu’s perspective, however, is tainted by his geographic and affective distancing from Euskadi, which arises not only from the fact that he has been living in Germany since 1985 but also from his identity as an author who writes only in Spanish. His novel misses the mark, as …

Horse Meadows And Bohler Canyon Arborglyphs: History Recorded On The Trees, Nancy Hadlock, Richard Potashin

Eastern Sierra History Journal

In this close reading of Arborglyphs in canyons above the Mono Basin, the authors discuss how and why Basque shepherds and others carved their names with knives into (mostly) Aspens. Documenting these expressive markings is one way to reclaim the shepherd-artists' names and something of their experiences in the High Sierra tending their flocks.

Sueños De Tánger: Extraterritorial Basque Crime Fiction On Immigration To Spain, Shanna Lino

Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature

As the world increasingly turns its attention to the European refugee crisis and to the 1.8 million who have arrived on that continent since 2014 as a consequence of being forced to flee their native countries’ war-torn cities and villages, questions continue to arise regarding the ethical and political responsibilities of Western nations to facilitate this exodus and to provide refugee and immigration services en route and at destination. Spain remains the intended port of arrival for thousands of Malians, Mauritanians, Moroccans, and Western Saharans who sometimes manage to escape war and extreme poverty only to find themselves stalled on …

Everything You Never Wanted To Know About Spanish Wines (And A Few Things You Did), John Phillips Wacker

Senior Theses

The Spanish wine scene is incredibly diverse, and an immense number of different wines are made in the country. Likewise, Spain is incredibly rich in culture, with a wide array of languages, histories, cultures, and cuisines found throughout the nation. The sheer number and variety of Spanish wines and the incredible variety of cultures found in Spain may be daunting to the uninitiated. Thus, a guide to Spanish wine and culture, which not only details the two but links them, as well, may prove very helpful to the Spanish wine newcomer or perhaps even a sommelier.

This thesis-guide was compiled …

Poéticas Minimalistas De La Ciudad Contemporánea: Iribarren, Mínguez Y Del Val, David Delgado López

Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies

Throughout the Spanish poetic production of the 20^th century, cities have developed a relevant role as a recurring space at the same time as society urbanized and an exodus took place from agricultural areas to the work centers offered by the cities. Since the second half of the 19^th century the city has been the meeting place for people from different backgrounds where the poet found, from his exclusive point of view, a new universe to develop in his work. However, the evolution of capitalist society sponsored the poet's transition from an artist to a worker in the …

The Basques In Idaho, John Patrick "Pat" Bieter

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

This is the 45th anniversary of the publication of Dr. Pat Bieter’s booklet by the Idaho State Historical Society in 1973. It served as one of the earliest English language introductions to the Basques in general, and specifically the Basques of Idaho relating the story of the Basque homeland and why Basques immigrated to America and settled in Idaho. This re-publication with permission returns us to the pioneering work of this author. In addition to his writing on the Basques, Bieter founded Boise State's first studies abroad program which later became part of the University Studies Abroad Consortium (USAC).

Ethnic Identity Formation Among Basque-American Adolescents, Catherine M. Petrissans

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

This article focuses on the ethnic identity formation among one hundred Basque-American youth between the ages of nine and fifteen who were interviewed at the beginning and end of a two week long Udaleku held in Bakersfield California in 2013. This project explores four key questions related to the internal thought processes used by camp attendees to account for or try to make sense of their ethnicity. First, were camp attendees confident or confused about their ethnicity? Second, have participants attempted to “explore” their ethnicity and, if so how? Third, what does “being Basque” mean to camp participants and is …

Reconciling The Places Where We Live With The Spaces We Inhabit: Construction Of A Communicative Space For Basque Based On A Local Media Network, Eneko Bidegain, Aitor Zuberogoitia, Txema Egaña

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

The aim of this research is to give a detailed description of local media working in Basque language, hence, providing a backdrop for other minority language local media. Our approach is to offer data based on a questionnaire distributed among 65 local media with a response rate of 84%, ten in-depth interviews and a focus group. The data revealed a total publication of 200.000 copies with potential for a 70 page newspaper, 400.000 readers, almost 300 employees and more than 1.000 collaborating individuals. However, in spite of seeking to collaborate within a common framework, diversity and economic insecurity limit the …

Seventeenth-Century Basque Witchtrials: The Interaction Of Socio-Religious Norms Within The Contact Zone Of The Accused And The Inquisitor, Michelle Gizinski Earwicker

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

During the early seventeenth century, the Catholic Church sought to eradicate any belief systems that did not align with Catholic theology. In the Basque regions of Spain and France, these efforts produced a series of witch hunts between 1608 – 1614, in which the Church labeled as diabolical and nefarious the socio-religious belief systems the Basque people tried to incorporate into their practice of Catholicism. This thesis uses the confessions of accused Basque witches gathered during investigations and trials to explore Basques’ mention of pre-Christian symbols and beliefs, which I argue were often misunderstood by the Inquisitors as evidence of …

Escritoras Vascas Y Feminismo: La Ubicua Violencia Sexual Contra La Mujer En Los Relatos De Eider Rodríguez, Iker González-Allende

Spanish Language and Literature

Este artículo analiza la representación de la violencia sexual masculina en cuatro relatos de la escritora vasca Eider Rodríguez: “Ojos de abeja”, “Carne”, “Calle de la Providencia” y “Puntos suspensivos”, incluidos en sus libros Y poco después, ahora (2007) y Carne (2008), versiones traducidas de sus originales en euskara. Estas narraciones revelan la existencia ubicua de una cultura de la violación en la sociedad contemporánea, en la que se incentiva la agresividad sexual en los hombres y se justifican sus ataques sexuales contra las mujeres. El artículo investiga tres modalidades de violencia sexual: la violación y el acoso sexual del …

Assessing Udaleku 2013: The Effects Of Gender, Age, Family, And Community On Basque Youth Skills, Interest, Identity And Pride, Catherine M. Petrissans

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

One hundred Basque-American youth between the ages of nine and fifteen were interviewed at the beginning and end of a two week long Udaleku held in Bakersfield California in 2013 to determine: 1) the primary reason children attended Basque camp 2) the skills and abilities participants exhibited at the onset of Udaleku 3) the extent to which youth skills and interest in txistu, song, dance, euskara, pala, and mus changed over the course of camp, 4) the effect Udaleku had on the children’s level of Basque identity and pride 5) the children’s assessment of camp conditions, organization and instruction, and …

Vizcaínos: The Scourge Of The Empire And Uncomfortable Identities, Juan Gil-Osle

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

What a Vizcaíno is in the literature of the 16^th and 17^th centuries has always been a puzzle due to the different uses given to the word. The connotation of the term Vizcaíno can go from an insult similar to “thief,” “traitor,” even “Portuguese,” to, in other cases, “stupid,” “gregarious,” or simply different. In other words, the Vizcaíno is a paradigmatic Other, which seems to have become an insider Other (nothing could be more enervating for some in Spain, or more nostalgic for others than the “insiderness” of this quintessential Other). And unfortunately, in this case, otherness has …

Face To Face: Painting Basque Identity In The Diaspora, Zoe Bray

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

I draw on my experience of painting portraits to reflect on the Basque diaspora today. Whilst living in different countries, I have painted Basque individuals that I have met through Basque organizations, through common friends in the Basque Country, or through “non-Basque” people who introduce us presuming that as fellow Basques we have something in common. We are thus brought together through the networks that typically define a diaspora. At the same time, Basque identity in the diaspora, as I have come to understand - and paint - it, is a personal and contextual experience. In this article, I offer …

Subject — Not Only Object — Of Study: Basque Studies, Aitor Anduaga

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

To establish a discipline implies a responsibility. Whose is it? As vascólogos (or experts in Basque studies) and vascófilos (or scholars of the Basque language), our first thought should be addressed to discern the Basque studies as an object of study or as a subject of study. This distinction is fundamental. The historical review of the condition of object and/or subject in these studies reveals a crucial feature that defines both us and the Basque studies: our renunciation of their status of subject. This paper suggests a double task to address this deficiency: instituting, not renouncing, Basque studies as a …

The Main Challenges To 21st-Century Business Administration: The Management Of People And Knowledge. The Ner Group Case, María Alvarez Sainz, Kepa Xabier Apellaniz

BOGA: Basque Studies Consortium Journal

This article presents and analyses the main challenges facing business organisations today: the management of people and knowledge, derived from the great transformations caused by the Third and Fourth Industrial Revolutions. A new management model, developed in the Basque Country, and the new style of relationships (ner, using its name form in Spanish – ‘nuevo estilo de relaciones’), shared by organisations of the ner Group, are presented and the main results of a study on their cultural features are demonstrated, as perceived by the people who work with this concept. Ner is based on people (the basic pillars of an …

Iker Gonzalez-Allende. El Exilio Vasco. Estudios En Homenaje Al Profesor José Ángel Ascunce Arrieta. Bilbao: Universidad De Deusto, 2016., Iker Arranz

Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature

Review of Iker Gonzalez-Allende. El Exilio Vasco. Estudios en homenaje al Profesor José Ángel Ascunce Arrieta. Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, 2016.

No One Expects The Spanish Inquisition: Witchcraft Trials In Basque Spain And Southwestern Germany, Alexandra C. Steed

Honors Theses

The age of witch trials lasted from 1450 to 1750 and encompassed most of Western Europe. Seventy-five percent of all witchcraft trials took place in Germany, and 480 occurred in Southwestern Germany. Germany lacked centralized leadership, and lack of control over a region’s governing body meant a prince or a bishop could burn as many people as he saw fit. The trials in Southwestern Germany lasted from 1562 to 1684 and killed between 1,000 and 1,500 people. The trials in Southwestern Germany are Central because they all shared similar elements. Many of the towns were undergoing social shifts because of …