Internal Medicine Commons^™

A Case Report Of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Harboring A Pten Loss, Zin W. Myint, Derek B. Allison, Carleton S. Ellis

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

The treatment landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has dramatically improved over the last decade; however, patients with visceral metastases are still faced with poor outcomes. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss is observed in 40%–60% of mCRPC patients and is also associated with a poor prognosis. Several PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors have been studied, with disappointing anti-tumor activity. Here, we present a case of a patient with heavily treated mCRPC who had a modest tumor response to concurrent carboplatin, abiraterone acetate/prednisone, and liver-directed radiation therapy. We discuss the potential rationale supporting the use of this combination therapy …

The Dynamic Proteome Of Lyme Disease Borrelia, Anahita Fouladzadeh, Mohsen Dorraki, Kay Khine Myo Min, Michaelia P Cockshell, Emma J Thompson, Johan W Verjans, Andrew Allison, Claudine S Bonder, Derek Abbott

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The growth of solid tumours relies on an ever-increasing supply of oxygen and nutrients that are delivered via vascular networks. Tumour vasculature includes endothelial cell lined angiogenesis and the less common cancer cell lined vasculogenic mimicry (VM). To study and compare the development of vascular networks formed during angiogenesis and VM (represented here by breast cancer and pancreatic cancer cell lines) a number of in vitro assays were utilised. From live cell imaging, we performed a large-scale automated extraction of network parameters and identified properties not previously reported. We show that for both angiogenesis and VM, the characteristic network path …

Ucp3 (Uncoupling Protein 3) Insufficiency Exacerbates Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction During Angiotensin Ii-Induced Hypertension, Xu Chen, Sadia Ashraf, Nadia Ashraf, Romain Harmancey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, an early stage in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is exacerbated by joint exposure to hypertension and obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain uncertain. The mitochondrial UCP3 (uncoupling protein 3) is downregulated in the heart with obesity. Here, we used a rat model of UCP3 haploinsufficiency (ucp3

Ucp3 (Uncoupling Protein 3) Insufficiency Exacerbates Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction During Angiotensin Ii-Induced Hypertension, Xu Chen, Sadia Ashraf, Nadia Ashraf, Romain Harmancey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, an early stage in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, is exacerbated by joint exposure to hypertension and obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain uncertain. The mitochondrial UCP3 (uncoupling protein 3) is downregulated in the heart with obesity. Here, we used a rat model of UCP3 haploinsufficiency (ucp3

Rapid 3d Reconstruction Guided Embolization For Catastrophic Bleeding Following Vacuum Assisted Breast Biopsy; A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Martin Halicek, Chenghao Qian, Driss Raissi, Xiaoqin Wang, Yevgen Chornenkyy, William B. Bates, Michael Winkler

Radiology Faculty Publications

The most clinically significant complication associated with stereotactic core needle biopsy of the breast is hematoma formation, which only occurs in less than 1% of biopsies and may require treatment. Cases of uncontrollable bleeding, refractory to repeated compression, resulting from biopsy are exceedingly rare. We present a case of catastrophic, uncontrollable bleeding and large hematoma formation resulting from stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy of a breast mass identified in screening mammography. Percutaneous embolization was planned and guided using 3D reconstructions from computed tomographic angiography, and bleeding was successfully controlled with micro-coil embolization.

Using Macros In Microsoft Excel To Facilitate Cleaning Of Research Data, Justin Bauzon, Caleb Murphy, Sandhya Wahi-Gururaj

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Background: Retrospective chart review studies may be delayed by inability to export clean clinical data from an electronic medical record (EMR) or data repository. Macros are pre-programmed procedures that can be used in Microsoft Excel to help streamline the process of cleaning clinical datasets. Objectives: To demonstrate how macros may be useful for researchers at community hospitals and smaller academic health centers that lack informatics support. Methods: Using an intrinsic function of our institution’s EMR, vital signs and lab results from 20 individual hospitalizations were exported to a spreadsheet. Two macros were developed to sort through these datasets and output …

Exercise Intolerance In Older Adults With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Jacc State-Of-The-Art Review, Ambarish Pandey, Sanjiv J Shah, Javed Butler, Dean L Kellogg, Gregory D Lewis, Daniel E Forman, Robert J Mentz, Barry A Borlaug, Marc A Simon, Julio A Chirinos, Roger A Fielding, Elena Volpi, Anthony J A Molina, Mark J Haykowsky, Flora Sam, Bret H Goodpaster, Alain G Bertoni, Jamie N Justice, James P White, Jingzhone Ding, Scott L Hummel, Nathan K Lebrasseur, George E Taffet, Iraklis I Pipinos, Dalane Kitzman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Exercise intolerance (EI) is the primary manifestation of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the most common form of heart failure among older individuals. The recent recognition that HFpEF is likely a systemic, multiorgan disorder that shares characteristics with other common, difficult-to-treat, aging-related disorders suggests that novel insights may be gained from combining knowledge and concepts from aging and cardiovascular disease disciplines. This state-of-the-art review is based on the outcomes of a National Institute of Aging-sponsored working group meeting on aging and EI in HFpEF. We discuss aging-related and extracardiac contributors to EI in HFpEF and provide the …

Pulmonary Inflammation And Injury Triggered By Spine Surgery In Recovered Covid-19 Patients Demand Consideration, Luciano Rodrigo Lopes, Silvana Kertzer Kasinski

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Hiv Infection And The Risk Of World Health Organization-Defined Sudden Cardiac Death, Matthew S. Freiberg, Meredith S. Duncan, Charles Alcorn, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Suman Kundu, Asri Mumpuni, Emily K. Smith, Sarah Loch, Annie Bedigian, Eric Vittinghoff, Kaku So-Armah, Priscilla Y. Hsue, Amy C. Justice, Zian H. Tseng

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Background

People living with HIV have higher sudden cardiac death (SCD) rates compared with the general population. Whether HIV infection is an independent SCD risk factor is unclear.

Methods and Results

This study evaluated participants from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, an observational, longitudinal cohort of veterans with and without HIV infection matched 1:2 on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and clinical site. Baseline for this study was a participant's first clinical visit on or after April 1, 2003. Participants were followed through December 31, 2014. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we assessed whether HIV infection, CD4 cell counts, and/or HIV viral …

Rupture Of A Superficial Temporal Artery Pseudoaneurysm Following Craniotomy, Jessica A. Shields, Jared M. Robichaux, Kevin Morrow, Clifford Crutcher, Gabriel Tender

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Pseudoaneurysm of the superficial temporal artery (STA) is a rare entity that has been reported in the literature after trauma or iatrogenic injuries. We describe a unique case of STA pseudoaneurysm rupture and the clinical sequelae associated with its rupture. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm rupture of the STA that occurred 14 days after craniotomy for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair. We also review the literature, diagnosis and treatment of external carotid artery aneurysms. Rupture of a STA pseudoaneurysm is a previously unreported and serious complication that must be quickly recognized in order to control hemorrhage that may have life …

Characterization Of Gut Microbiome And Metabolome In Helicobacter Pylori Patients In An Underprivileged Community In The United States, Brian White, John Sterrett, Zoya Grigoryan, Lauren Lally, Jared Heinze, Hyder Alikhan, Christopher Lowry, Lark Perez, Joshua Desipio, Sangita Phadtare

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that infects approximately half of the world's population, is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases, including peptic ulcers, non-ulcer dyspepsia, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. As the burden of antibiotic resistance increases, the need for new adjunct therapies designed to facilitate H. pylori eradication and reduce negative distal outcomes associated with infection has become more pressing. Characterization of the interactions between H. pylori, the fecal microbiome, and fecal fatty acid metabolism, as well as the mechanisms underlying these interactions, may offer new therapeutic approaches.

AIM To characterize the gut microbiome and metabolome in H. …

Bone Quality And Fractures In Women With Osteoporosis Treated With Bisphosphonates For 1 To 14 Years, Hartmut H. Malluche, Jin Chen, Florence Lima, Lucas J. Liu, Marie-Claude Monier-Faugere, David A. Pienkowski

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Oral bisphosphonates are the primary medication for osteoporosis, but concerns exist regarding potential bone-quality changes or low-energy fractures. This cross-sectional study used artificial intelligence methods to analyze relationships among bisphosphonate treatment duration, a wide variety of bone-quality parameters, and low-energy fractures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and histomorphometry quantified bone-quality parameters in 67 osteoporotic women treated with oral bisphosphonates for 1 to 14 years. Artificial intelligence methods established two models relating bisphosphonate treatment duration to bone-quality changes and to low-energy clinical fractures. The model relating bisphosphonate treatment duration to bone quality demonstrated optimal performance when treatment durations of 1 to 8 …

Letter To Editor Regarding The Ocean Study, Barbara P. Yawn, Barry Make, David M. Mannino, Fernando J. Martinez, Meilan K. Han

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Reduction Of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections In A Large Acute Care Hospital In Midwest United States Following Implementation Of A Comprehensive Central Line Insertion And Maintenance Bundle, Abraham E. Wei, Ronald J. Markert, Christopher Connelly, Hari Polenakovik

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a preventable medical condition that results in increased patient morbidity and mortality. We describe the impact of various quality improvement interventions on the incidence of CLABSI in an 848-bed community teaching hospital from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2017. Aim: To reduce CLABSI rates after implementation of a comprehensive central line insertion and maintenance bundle. Methods: A comprehensive bundle of interventions was implemented incorporating the standard US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bundle with additional measures such as root-cause analysis of all CLABSI cases, use of passive disinfection caps on vascular …

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Multisystem Review Of Pathophysiology, Tanveer Mir, Talal Almas, Jasmeet Kaur, Mohammed Faisaluddin, David Song, Waqas Ullah, Sahil Mamtani, Hiba Rauf, Sunita Yadav, Sharaad Latchana, Nara Miriam Michaelson, Michael Connerney, Yasar Sattar

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Abstract Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with high morbidity and mortality. COVID-19, which is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2), affects multiple organ systems through a myriad of mechanisms. Afflicted patients present with a vast constellation of symptoms, from asymptomatic disease to life-threatening complications. The most common manifestations pertain to mild pulmonary symptoms, which can progress to respiratory distress syndrome and venous thromboembolism. However, in patients with renal failure, life-threatening cardiac abnormalities can ensue. Various mechanisms such as viral entry through Angiotensin receptor (ACE) affecting multiple organs and thus releasing pro-inflammatory markers have been postulated. …

Safe Thrombolysis During Pregnancy For Recurrent Acute Ischaemic Stroke Due To Concomitant Isolated Left Ventricular Non-Compaction And Bilateral Foetal Posterior Communicating Arteries, Fatimah Juma, Mzee Ngunga, Wangari Siika, Dilraj Sokhi

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Isolated left ventricular non-compaction (ILVNC) is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy and is associated with arrhythmias, heart failure and thromboembolism including ischaemic stroke. Pregnancy is a relative contraindication to thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke, although case reports suggest the treatment can be given in selected cases. We report a case of recurrent cryptogenic strokes in a 36-year-old female who was thrombolysed with good outcome at 37 weeks’ gestation and was eventually found to have ILVNC as the cause. She had a predilection to recurrent posterior circulatory strokes due to foetal posterior communicating arteries. To our knowledge this is the first case …

Evaluation Of Serum Calcium Differences In Hypertensive Crises And Control Patients: A Randomly Matched Case-Control Study, Ifeanyi Chukwu O. Onor, Rose M. Duchane, Casey J. Payne, Hannah Naquin Lambert, De Maurian M. Mitchner, Robbie A. Beyl, Anh T. Nguyen, Sarah E. Bilbe, Andrea Arriaga White, Mariah W. Johnson, Amber I. Faciane, Emmanuel Kouagou, Stephanie A. Hymel, Bria M. Wates, Asia D. Sanders, Phillip C.B. Vo, Jordan D. Bates, Raven J. Spooner, Christopher J. Gillard, John I. Okogbaa, Daniel F. Sarpong, Rim M. Hadgu, Samuel C. Okpechi, Gabriel I. Onor, Michael C. Okoronkwo, Mihran V. Naljayan, Shane G. Guillory, Shane E. Sanne

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The role of calcium in blood pressure has been widely studied among hypertensive patients; however, no study has explored the role of calcium in hypertensive crises. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the differences in serum calcium levels between hypertensive crises patients and a 1:1 random matched controls (age-, sex-, race-, diabetes, and body mass index matched). This study is a single-center, retrospective, chart review, case-control study of patients with hypertensive crises (case group) and patients without hypertensive crises (control group). Patients were included in the case group if they were 18 years of age or older …

Takayasu Arteritis: A Rare Cause Of Chronic Headache, Linda Barasa, Adil Salyani, Jillo Bika, Fred Otieno, Dilraj Sokhi

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Chronic headache can be a presenting manifestation of Takayasu arteritis, although patients usually have other characteristic features. A thorough clinical assessment remains key in the evaluation of chronic headache.

Diabetes Detection And Prevention In Dermatology, Alexandra Ngo, Luise Froessl, John Wesley Mcwhorter, William Brett Perkison, Rajani Katta

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

We are currently in the midst of an international epidemic of diabetes mellitus (DM) and prediabetes. The prevalence of DM in the United States is estimated at 9.4% of the population across all ages, while an estimated 1 in 3 Americans (33.9%) has prediabetes. According to the WHO, about 60 million people suffer from diabetes in the European Region. Dermatologists may play an important role in tackling this epidemic via efforts to improve early detection of both diabetes and prediabetes. Dermatologists often treat patients with, or at risk of, diabetes. This includes patients who present with cutaneous manifestations such as …

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Rescue For Severe Aspiration Pneumonitis In Two Patients After Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Procedure, Melissa M Felinski, Daniyal Abbas, Peter A Walker, John A Primomo, Tanyaradzwa M Kajese, Biswajit Kar, Igor D Gregoric, Igor Banjac, Lisa Janowiak, Sriram Nathan, Rahat Hussain, Sheilendra S Mehta, Kulvinder S Bajwa, Shinil K Shah, Bindu Akkanti

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most common weight loss surgical procedures performed in the United States. Early post-operative small bowel obstruction is a rare but potentially morbid, complication of RYGB. We report two patients who underwent RYGB and required subsequent treatment for a post-operative small bowel obstruction. Their post-operative course was complicated by severe aspiration pneumonitis leading to hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring rescue with femoral veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). Both patients were successfully extubated, weaned off V-V ECMO support, and discharged to home. These cases highlight the potential role of V-V ECMO for patients who …