Internal Medicine Commons^™

A Mixed Methods Study Of Inpatients’ Experiences, Priorities, And Health-Related Quality Of Life During High- Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy, Cintamani H. Ellsworth, Rebecca S. Bartlett

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is an oxygen delivery method with numerous benefits for severely ill patients. There is a paucity of research focused on the perspectives of patients receiving HFNC oxygen therapy. This study aimed to engage with patients to gain a clearer understanding of their experiences, priorities, and health-related quality of life.

Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed methods study was completed with 10 adult inpatients who had received HFNC oxygen therapy during their hospital admission. Semi-structured interviews and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Scale were used to identify participant perceptions of their physical and …

Bell’S Palsy In Pregnancy Following Covid-19 Infection: A Case Report, Maria Camila Gonzalez Tovar, Abelardo Rodriguez, Oluwatobi Olonisakin, Mounika Kotte, Aramide Tijani

Research Symposium

Background: Bell’s palsy is a peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The development of this is suspected to be a result of viral-induced inflammation, ischemia, immune-mediated mechanisms or idiopathic. Even though it can occur in the general population, pregnancy is a recognized risk factor. The incidence of Bell’s palsy during pregnancy and the postpartum period ranges from 60.5 to 171.6 cases per 100,000 person-years, with about 69% of pregnancy-associated cases occurring in the third trimester or within the first two months postpartum. Emerging evidence has shown an association between COVID-19 infection and an increased risk of Bell’s palsy, with studies demonstrating a …

Pharmacist-Led Initiative To Increase Naloxone Prescribing For Patients On High-Dose Opioids In A General Internal Medicine Clinic, Christine E. Leduc, Hyun J. Lee, Polly D. Fraga

The Lahey Journal

Abstract

Introduction:

Opioid overdose is a pressing public health concern in the United States. In 2022, prescription opioids were involved in 15% of all opioid deaths.1 Despite CDC recommendations for prescribing naloxone to high-risk patients, primary care physicians prescribe only 1.5 naloxone prescriptions per 100 prescriptions of high-dose opioids.2,3 Strategies are needed for healthcare institutions to expand naloxone access and mitigate opioid-related harm. This pilot study assesses the impact of a pharmacist-led quality improvement patient outreach initiative on increasing naloxone prescribing for adult patients taking ≥ 50 MME per day of prescription opioids as recommended by current CDC guidelines.

Methods: …

The High Cost Of Incomplete Physical Exams: Missed Diagnosis Of Cushing Syndrome In A Patient With Recurrent Hospital Admissions, Tarah M Burton, Miranda K Hunter, Mihail Zilbermint

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Cushing syndrome is a rare but life-threatening endocrine disorder associated with a classic constellation of physical exam findings (e.g. “moon facies”, abdominal striae, etc.). However, thorough biochemical testing is needed to confirm this diagnosis. We present the case of a 35-year-old male with multiple hospitalizations across a variety of healthcare institutions for heart failure, cellulitis, uncontrolled hypertension, and diabetes.  While an adrenal mass was eventually identified on imaging, classic signs of Cushing syndrome – including violaceous striae, truncal obesity, and facial plethora – were missed during prior admissions.  This case illustrates the diagnostic delay that can result from incomplete physical …

Clinical And Laboratory Predictors Of 30-Day Mortality In Hiv-Positive Adults With Pneumonia: A Prospective Observational Study From North India, Mandip Singh Bhatia, Ankita Kumari Bhargav, Saurabh Chandrabhan Sharda, Shankar Naidu, M. R Shivaprakash, Sunil Sethi, Vikas Gautam, Arnab Ghosh

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Background: Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), early mortality after hospitalization for pneumonia remains high. Indian data on short-term mortality predictors in HIV-associated pneumonia are limited.

Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of HIV-positive adults admitted with pneumonia to a tertiary-care hospital in North India between April and December 2025. Clinical, laboratory, microbiological, and radiological parameters were recorded at admission. Patients were followed for 30 days. The primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Predictors of …

Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Arising From Somatic-Type Malignant Transformation Of A Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor: A Case Report, Abdel Martinez Borrego, Brandon Cantazaro, Fatimah Bello, Christine Vega, Natacha Vargas, Payal Bhakta, Renzo Arauco

School of Medicine Publications

Somatic-type malignant transformation (STM) is a rare but aggressive complication of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs), most commonly arising from the teratomatous component and frequently occurring in metastatic sites. We report the case of a man in his 20s with a history of mixed NSGCT (50% yolk sac tumor, 40% teratoma, and 10% embryonal carcinoma) treated with left orchiectomy and chemotherapy in 2023, who initially responded to treatment but was subsequently lost to follow-up. He presented with one week of progressive dyspnea and pleuritic left-sided chest pain. Serum alpha-fetoprotein was markedly elevated at 2,966.7 ng/mL. Computed tomography demonstrated a progressive …

Endocarditis Caused By Candida (Candidozyma) Auris, Farah Ebrahim, Mzee Ngunga, Abdulaziz Abeid, Hilda Nasibwa, Newnex Mongare, Rodney Adam

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Candida (Candidozyma) auris has emerged as a hospital-acquired pathogen and was first reported in East Asia in 2009. Infective endocarditis due to C. auris has been rarely reported, while other Candida species account for < 2% of infective endocarditis (IE) cases. Herein we report three cases of endocarditis caused by C. auris , including a native aortic valve, a native tricuspid valve, and a prosthetic valve. Each of these cases had been in healthcare settings months to years earlier that were the likely sources of their infec- tions. These cases suggest the possibility for indolent but life-threatening infections from C. auris . ©2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases.

Beyond The Clot: A Rare Case Of Extensive Dvt And Pulmonary Embolism Revealing May-Thurner Syndrome, Jorge A. Aboytes, Jose J. Loayza, Ivan Mogollon, Daniel Pena, Michelle Lopez

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in young adults is uncommon and typically associated with identifiable risk factors. In cases where DVT occurs without apparent provocation, congenital anatomical anomalies should be considered. May-Thurner Syndrome (MTS), a vascular compression disorder involving the left iliac vein, is a frequently overlooked cause of iliofemoral DVT in young individuals, particularly women.

Case Presentation: A 28-year-old woman with no significant medical history presented with acute left leg swelling, pain, and discoloration, along with new-onset dyspnea and chest discomfort. She had recently transitioned to a contraceptive patch and reported reduced mobility due to fatigue. Imaging confirmed left …

A Misplaced Pocket Of Air: Intramural Gastric Air Most Consistent With Gastric Emphysema, Priyanka Panwar, Lavender Otom, Subo Marsa, Gerald Odong, Steven Idet, Irene Muchiri, Hussein Abdulsamad, John Odhiambo, Christopher Opio, Amos Mwasamwaja, Saleem Abdulkarim

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background Gastric emphysema (GE), or gastric pneumatosis, is a rare, noninfectious cause of intramural gastric air that must be distinguished from emphysematous gastritis (EG), a highly lethal infectious entity. Despite similar radiographic appearances, these conditions differ substantially in etiology, clinical course, management, and prognosis.

Cases We report three hemodynamically stable patients with CT-confirmed intramural gastric air most consistent with GE. Two had associated portal venous gas. The cases occurred in distinct clinical contexts: infectious gastroenteritis with retching, transient midgut volvulus with obstructive gastric overdistension, and alcohol-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding with forceful vomiting and a Mallory–Weiss tear. Although early EG could …

Demographic And Clinical Characteristics Of Participants In The Neuropsychiatric Genetics Of African Populations-Psychosis (Neurogap-Psychosis) Study: A Descriptive Analysis, Rocky Stroud, Kimberly Hook, Melkam Alemayehu, Lukoye Atwoli, Mark Baker, Lori Chibnik, Bizu Gelaye, Stella Gichuru, Symon Kariuki, Rehema Mwema

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background Approximately 1.3 million individuals in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as millions of others worldwide, live with psychotic disorders. However, there is limited mental health research based on these populations and even less of a focus on neuropsychiatric genetics research within these settings.

Methods To address this gap, the Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis (NeuroGAP-Psychosis), a case-control study, collected data identifying genetic and environmental risk factors associated with psychotic disorders in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. This paper describes baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the 42,953 participants recruited between 2018–2023 and compares these characteristics by country and case …

A Perfect Storm In Advanced Aids: Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome From Pneumocystis Jirovecii And Mycobacterium Avium Complex Coinfection, Abdel Martinez, Abelardo Rodriguez, Conrad Chouinard, Fatimah Bello

School of Medicine Publications

Advanced HIV infection is associated with profound immunosuppression, predisposing patients to opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). PJP can cause severe respiratory disease, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), while disseminated MAC may contribute to systemic illness and pulmonary complications. Concurrent infection with both pathogens is uncommon but may precipitate severe pulmonary failure. A man in his 40s presented with unintentional weight loss, fatigue, oral thrush, and progressive dyspnea. On arrival, oxygen saturation was 86% on room air, requiring high-flow nasal cannula. Laboratory evaluation revealed profound immunosuppression (CD4 7 cells/mm3, HIV RNA 123,000 …

Metastatic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: A Rare Cause Of Hypopituitarism, Smriti Nair, Taskeen Ahmed, Jessica Watari

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Pituitary metastases from pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) are exceedingly rare but should be considered in patients presenting with arginine vasopressin deficiency and panhypopituitarism in the context of known or suspected metastatic lung cancer. Early recognition and prompt initiation of hormonal replacement therapy are essential to prevent life-threatening endocrine crises and to improve symptom burden. We describe a case of a 43-year-old male who presented with dyspnea, weight loss, and weakness who was found to have metastatic LCNEC involving the liver. Endocrine evaluation revealed central hypothyroidism, central adrenal insufficiency, and later arginine vasopressin deficiency manifested by polyuria and hypernatremia. …

Adult-Onset Iga Vasculitis Initially Attributed To A Cutaneous Drug Reaction And Diverticulitis, Leila C. Tou, Catherine Grace P. Hobayan, Shane Devine, Sarah Koraym

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV), formerly Henoch–Schönlein purpura, is a small-vessel vasculitis characterized by palpable purpura, arthralgias, gastrointestinal involvement, and renal disease. Although IgAV is common in children, adult-onset disease is rare and may be associated with more severe manifestations, particularly renal involvement. In adults, IgAV may be difficult to recognize because of overlap with more common gastrointestinal, infectious, or medication-related conditions. We present a case of adult-onset IgAV initially attributed to presumed diverticulitis and later to a drug eruption following antibiotic exposure. This case highlights diagnostic pitfalls and the importance of early recognition and renal surveillance.

From Villi To Alveoli: Lung Involvement In Celiac Disease – A Narrative Review, Mateusz Marzec, Patrycja Cecha

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Background:

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten that affects about 1% of the population and may present with extraintestinal manifestations. Pulmonary complications are considered rare and are poorly characterized. Lane-Hamilton syndrome is the best described lung manifestation, but data suggests a broader spectrum of respiratory involvement.

Methods:

We performed a narrative review with structured search strategy of PubMed and Embase (January 1, 1970 – December 1, 2025) using the terms celiac/coeliac and lung, pulmonary, respiratory, hemoptysis, hemosiderosis, alveolar hemorrhage, interstitial lung disease, alveolitis, bronchiectasis …

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (Tips) Outcomes For Variceal Hemorrhage During And After Covid-19: Racial, Payer, And Income Disparities - A National Retrospective Cohort Study With Stratified Sensitivity Analyses, Nakul Ganju, Shubham Gupta, Sahak Hovsepian, Samay Shah, Shaunak Ganju, Farshad Aduli

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) reduces mortality in esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Whether the COVID-19 pandemic worsened existing disparities in outcomes among patients undergoing TIPS remains unclear. We aimed to characterize racial, payer-based, and income-based disparities in post-TIPS outcomes before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Using the 2016-2022 National Inpatient Sample, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 31,860 weighted hospitalizations of adults with cirrhosis and esophageal variceal hemorrhage who underwent TIPS. Admissions were stratified as pre-COVID (2016-2019) and post-COVID (2020-2022). Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total hospital charges. Multivariable regression models with …

The Medicine Forum Crossword, Youssef Elfatatry, Md

The Medicine Forum

ACROSS
1 One leading cause of ACS in young women

DOWN
1 A.O.A. alternative

The Parts They Don’T See, Alexis Notarianni, Md

The Medicine Forum

People think they know what resident doctors do.

They know the obvious parts: we examine patients, prescribe medications, and write notes. We diagnose infections, perform procedures, and coordinate care with nurses. We work long hours and rarely have days off. From the outside, it looks familiar enough to understand.

But there is a large portion of this job that is invisible, even to the people closest to us. It is difficult to explain, and harder still to feel understood unless you are living it.

More Than Medicine: How Advocacy, Education, And Loss Shape The Physician Within, Sheraz Qamar, Md

The Medicine Forum

Illness rarely unfolds in a linear or predictable way. Instead, it emerges through uncertainty – shaped by fragmented symptoms, gaps in access, and the limits of medical knowledge. Reflecting on three deeply personal experiences within my family, I have come to understand my role as a resident physician not only through clinical training, but through lived experience: as an advocate, an educator, and, at times, as someone profoundly affected by loss.

Holding Hands, Alexis Notarianni, Md

The Medicine Forum

My patient had already received the medications we reach for when patients are in pain and afraid — antiemetics, analgesics, and anxiolytics. The nasogastric tube was in place. What remained was not another intervention, but the simple act of being there.

My patient had been healthy until just months earlier, when his life changed abruptly. In the two hundred days since, illness had altered nearly every part of his body. Now he lay in bed in pain, breathing through a tracheostomy, receiving nutrition from a feeding tube. Tears streamed down his cheeks as he reached out and took my hand. …

Good Enough, Anne Leone, Md

The Medicine Forum

(Verse 1)
Coming out the gate a little too fast
This is not sustainable, it won’t last
Can’t turn around, I can’t backtrack
Where do I go from here
How can I maneuver this current

Ripping through and pulling me with it
Going under, air’s running out quick
but the shoreline is near

(Chorus)
Never knew that I could get through a patch so rough,
Never knew before that I was good enough,
The only thing holding me back was my own self doubt,
But I’ll let go now

(Verse 2)
hard to plan what steps to take next now …