Sports Medicine Commons^™

Dynamic Blood-Brain Barrier Regulation In Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Eoin O'Keeffe, Eoin Kelly, Yuzhe Liu, Chiara Giordano, Eugene Wallace, Mark Hynes, Stephen Tiernan, Aidan Meagher, Chris Greene, Stephanie Hughes, Tom Burke, John Kealy, Niamh Doyle, Alison Hay, Michael Farrell, Gerald A. Grant, Alon Friedman, Ronel Veksler, Michael G. Molloy, James F. Meaney, Niall Pender, David Camarillo, Colin P. Doherty, Matthew Campbell

Articles

Whereas the diagnosis of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is readily visible on current medical imaging paradigms (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and computed tomography [CT] scanning), a far greater challenge is associated with the diagnosis and subsequent management of mild TBI (mTBI), especially concussion which, by definition, is characterized by a normal CT. To investigate whether the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is altered in a high-risk population for concussions, we studied professional mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters and adolescent rugby players. Additionally, we performed the linear regression between the BBB disruption defined by increased gadolinium contrast …

Oral Contraceptives As Possible Acl Injury Prevention Method, Haley Schweizer

Capstone Showcase

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are an upsetting setback for many athletes that require a long and costly recovery process. The injury rates are four times greater in women than men. Preventative measures that help to prevent ACL injuries are limited to stretching and strengthening. Therefore, this review aims to investigate if oral contraceptive [I] usage provides a possible new avenue for prevention of ACL injury [O] in young female athletes (ages 18-30) [P] compared to those that do not take oral contraceptives [C].

Methods: A literature review was performed though PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS Database, and ClinicalKey …

Efficacy Of Pain Scales In Athletic Populations And Paired With Aglometric Measurements, Elisabeth Anne Ohrnberger

Online Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Pain is the most common symptom and reason for why affected individuals seek out medical attention for injuries. The most common pain scales are: the numerical rating scale (NRS), 5-point verbal rating scale (VRS-5), and visual analog scale (VAS) but there is no gold standard established to measure unidimensional pain intensity. Algometry is an objective technique to measure pain pressure threshold and tolerances. However, there is little research on which scale is best suited to assess pain intensity in different demographics; including athletic populations and other types of groups; as well as, whether subjective pain scale measurements can be …

Body Composition Assessment Results And Predicting Injury Patterns In Collegiate Musicians, Ellen Reinhold

Online Theses and Dissertations

Objective: It is known that a higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of injury, but it is unknown whether there is an association between increased risk of injury and body composition. Currently the data comes from competitive sports, with little data in performing arts, specifically marching band. The primary aim of this study was to determine if body composition assessments can predict musculoskeletal injury (MSI) occurrence in marching band participants. Methods: Body composition was measured using a duel X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at the beginning of both the fall 2018 and 2019 seasons. Data on injuries …

The Relationship Between Burnout And Personality Traits In Secondary School Athletic Trainers, Marissa Abbondanzio

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Introduction: Research has found that 30% of Athletic Trainers (ATs) experience burnout in their career. Limited literature has found the effects of burnout on ATs in the secondary school setting, though they account for 18% of the population. Objective: The aim of this investigation was to determine the relationship between burnout and personality traits in secondary school ATs. Methods: Participants included 143 ATs working in the secondary school setting and members of National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure level of burnout. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) was used to measure …

The Use Of Yank-Time Signal As An Alternative To Identify Kinematic Events And Define Phases In Human Countermovement Jumping, Sofyan Sahrom, Jodie C. Wilkie, Kazunori Nosaka, Anthony J. Blazevich

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Detailed examinations of both the movement and muscle activation patterns used by animals and humans to complete complex tasks are difficult to obtain in many environments. Therefore, the ability to infer movement and muscle activation patterns after capture of a single set of easily obtained data is highly sought after. One possible solution to this problem is to capture force-time data through the use of appropriate transducers, then interrogate the signal's derivative, the yank-time signal, which amplifies, and thus highlights, temporal force-time changes. Because the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) is a complex movement that has been well studied in humans, …

The Performance Effect Of Scheduled Carbohydrate And Caffeine Intake During Simulated Team Sport Match-Play, John Keane, Aidan Shovlin, Simon Devenney, Shane Malone, Damien Young, Giuseppe Coratella, Kieran Collins, Marcus Shortall

Articles

The aim of the current investigation was to identify the effects of scheduled carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) supplementation on simulated team sport match-play performance. Ten male hurling players completed three hurling match-play simulation protocols (HSP) performed 7 days apart in a double-blind, randomized design. Supplementation included CHO, CHO + CAF, and placebo (PLA). In a randomized order, participants ingested either a 6% CHO solution, a PLA solution of similar taste, or a combined intake of 6% CHO solution + 200 mg CAF capsule. At specific time points (Pre-0 min; half time (HT)-30 min; full time (FT)-60 min), participants completed …

Association Between Eccentric Knee Flexor Strength And Hamstring Injury Risk In 185 Elite Gaelic Football Players, Mark Roe, Eamonn Delahunt, Malachy Mchugh, Conor Gissane, Shane Malone, Kieran Collins, Catherine Blake

Articles

Hamstring strains are the most common time-loss injury in elite Gaelic football affecting over 20% of players per season. Thus, there is a need to identify factors contributing to the onset of hamstring injuries in order to inform injury risk management strategies. The current study investigated whether eccentric knee flexor strength and between-limb imbalances were associated with increased risk of sustaining a timeloss hamstring injury in elite Gaelic football players. A total of 185 elite male players (26.9 ± 2.7 years, 86.4 ± 6.2 kg, 183.4 ± 5.6) were prospectively followed for 12 weeks from the day of testing. Injury …

An Examination Of Policy And Procedure Practices Of Secondary School Athletic Trainers, Micaela Dunbar-Gaynor, Ericka P. Zimmerman, Victor Liberi

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the status of P&P practices of secondary school athletic trainers. Methods: Following an online informed consent confirmation, participants completed a Policies and Procedures Status questionnaire, including demographics. This was distributed to certified athletic trainers currently employed in the secondary school setting in the United States. The survey consisted of 49 questions about the status of P&Ps using one of the following responses: the practice is in operation and it appears in written form; the practice is in operation but does not appear in written form; the practice …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Nutritional Considerations For Single-Stage Ultra-Marathon Training And Racing, Nicholas B. Tiller, Justin D. Roberts, Liam Beasley, Shaun Chapman, Jorge M. Pinto, Lee Smith, Melanie Wiffin, Mark Russel, S. Andy Sparks, Lauren Duckworth, John O'Hara, Louise Sutton, Jose Antonio, Darryn S. Willoughby, Michael D. Tarpey, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan, Michael J. Ormsbee, Todd A. Astorino, Richard B. Kreider, Graham R. Mcginnis, Jeffrey R, Stout, Johneric W. Smith, Shawn M. Arent, Bill I. Campbell, Laurent Bannock

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

In this Position Statement, the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) provides an objective and critical review of the literature pertinent to nutritional considerations for training and racing in single-stage ultra-marathon. Recommendations for Training. i) Ultra-marathon runners should aim to meet the caloric demands of training by following an individualized and periodized strategy, comprising a varied, food-first approach; ii) Athletes should plan and implement their nutrition strategy with sufficient time to permit adaptations that enhance fat oxidative capacity; iii) The evidence overwhelmingly supports the inclusion of a moderate-to-high carbohydrate diet (i.e., ~ 60% of energy intake, 5–8 g·kg− 1·d− 1) …

Faculty Perceptions Of Readiness To Implement Interprofessional Education In Athletic Training, Meredith M. Parry, Jennifer Jordan Utley, Sue Shapiro, Stefanie Podlog

Athletic Training Collection

PURPOSE As the athletic training profession advances, master’s degree accreditation standards aim to position athletic trainers as key players on interprofessional healthcare teams. Interprofessional education standards were recently introduced to academic leaders as key elements in the professional healthcare education of athletic trainers.

While the current standards reflect essential skills for entry-level clinicians, faculty instructing these elements may require additional development.

METHODS The objective of this study was to explore athletic training educators’ perceptions of interprofessional education and to examine perceived barriers related to the implementation of IPE in athletic training curricula. An electronic survey was administered to a stratified, …

I Spy With My Little Eye … A Knee About To Go 'Pop'? Can Coaches And Sports Medicine Professionals Predict Who Is At Greater Risk Of Acl Rupture?, Anne Inger Mørtvedt, Tron Krosshaug, Roald Bahr, Erich Petushek

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

BACKGROUND: The vertical drop jump (VDJ) test is widely used for clinical assessment of ACL injury risk, but it is not clear whether such assessments are valid.

AIM: To examine if sports medicine professionals and coaches are able to identify players at risk of sustaining an ACL injury by visually assessing player performance during a VDJ test.

METHODS: 102 video clips of elite female handball and football players performing a baseline VDJ test were randomly extracted from a 738-person prospective cohort study that tracked ACL injuries. Of the sample, 20 of 102 went on to suffer an ACL injury. These …

Effects Of Anaerobic Fatigue On The Tuck Jump Assessment Performance In Female Collegiate Club Athletes, Madison M. Vomacka, Nicole Bascelli, Monica Lininger

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: To determine the impact of a fatigue trial on the scores and number of jumps in a Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA) in female collegiate club athletes. The TJA is a 10-second plyometric jumping assessment used to replicate sport and identify lower extremity landing patterns. Scores from the TJA are summed together and those who score a 6 or higher are suggested for intervention training. Methods: Sixteen female club athletes (age: 20.9+1.9 years, weight: 59.13+7.72kg, height: 64.56+2.63cm) completed the TJA twice, once before performing a Wingate protocol and then again after. A dependent sample t-test was performed to determine any …

Prediction Modeling For Board Of Certification Exam Success For A Professional Master’S Athletic Training Program, Scott L. Bruce, Elizabeth K. Crawford, Gary B. Wilkerson, R. Barry Dale, Martina Harris, David W. Rausch

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Introduction: The Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education mandates accredited athletic training programs have a minimum, three-year aggregate, first-attempt pass rate on the Board of Certification (BOC) examination of 70%. No studies have examined first-attempt BOC exam success for students enrolled in a professional master’s athletic training program (PMATP). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with first-attempt success on the BOC examination for PMATP students. Methods: This cohort designed study used common application data from subjects’ university and PMATP applications to create prediction models to identify those factors that predict first-attempt success on the …

Performance Motion Analysis Unable To Predict Running-Related Injury In Collegiate Distance Runners, Christopher P. Melgares, Andrew C. Fry, Zachary Sanchez

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Running-related injury (RRI) is common among competitive collegiate distance runners who participate in the sport of cross country and long distance track and field. Many factors contribute to RRI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a 3D motion capture system’s performance motion analysis (PMA) report is capable of identifying factors predictive of RRI among collegiate distance runners during a cross country season. Methods: Thirty-one collegiate cross country runners (17 male, 14 female, mean age = 20.5 ± 1.4 years) gave their consent to participate in the investigation. Subjects were screened in the motion capture …

Comparison Of Pitching From Flat Ground Vs. 10-Inch Mound Regarding Elbow Varus Torque And Arm Speed, Stephen A. Cage, X. Neil Dong, Brandon J. Warner, Diana M. Gallegos

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of throwing surface and distance on varus elbow torque and arm speed. Methods: 11 male collegiate baseball pitchers (age = 20.73 ± 1.56 years, height = 175.26 ± 9.03 cm, mass = 70.31 ± 9.03 kg) participated in this study. Varus elbow torque and distance were measured using a 3D motion sensor housed in a spandex sleeve at the medial joint line of the elbow. Participants were instructed to complete their normal warmup routine as if they were about to pitch in a bullpen session or a game. Participants …

An Examination Of Step Frequency And The Running Readiness Scale As Predictors Of Running-Related Injury In Collegiate Cross-Country Athletes, Shelley S. Payne Dr., Jenna D'Errico, D. S. Blaise Williams

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between step frequency and the Running Readiness Scale and the occurrence of a Running-Related Injury (RRI) in a Division III cross-country team. Methods: Each athlete was screened prior to the season for their step frequency at a preferred and pre-determined pace. Additionally, each athlete performed 6 musculoskeletal tests known as the “Running Readiness Scale” to assess body alignment, weight distribution, and muscular endurance. Each subject logged their training and competition schedule and injury history throughout the season using the Otterbein Run Tracker app. Results: Sixteen subjects completed data collection …

The Admissions Criteria For Professional Athletic Training Programs: A 2018 Review Of Post-Baccalaureate Degrees, Heidi L. Peters, Elizabeth R. Neil, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Lindsey E. Eberman

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Athletic training education has advanced its professional degree to an entry level masters, a decision motivated by professional health education developments over the last 10 years. In respect to Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accreditation standards as well as evolutionary changes in athletic training education, current prerequisite expectations of entry level applicants are largely dependent upon program. Analysis of the publicly available documents via websites and other programmatic documents of professional athletic training including prerequisite classes, supplemental admissions requirements, length and credits of program, cost of attendance and degree level of core faculty. Methods: 144 professional …

Health Behaviors Of Athletic Trainers, Zachary K. Winkelmann, Maura E. Shea, Kelcey C. Granger, Lindsey E. Eberman, Kenneth E. Games

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Health behaviors, such as diet, tobacco, and physical activity, may serve to prevent disease and promote wellness throughout the population including athletic trainers (AT). Good health behaviors act as disease prevention measures to decrease prevalence of pathologies. Hours of sleep, substance use, nutritional intake, and physical activity are behaviors that may impact the health of athletic trainers (AT). The objective of the study was to describe health behaviors of ATs in comparison to the general population and recommended behaviors. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, web-based survey of clinically practicing ATs recruited from the National Athletic Trainers’ Association member database. …

Determining The Effectiveness Of Core Strengthening Exercise Therapies In Treating Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Critically Appraised Topic, Amanda King, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

CLINICAL SCENARIO: Nonspecific low back pain is a condition which impacts athletes of all calibers and sports. It has been found that a total of 68% of top athletes from multiple sports have been affected by nonspecific low back pain at some point in their career. Clinicians have discussed that tight hamstrings and weak core muscles are a major cause of nonspecific low back pain. A myriad of program exist to reduce nonspecific low back pain caused from hamstring tightness, however a standardized rehabilitation protocol for strengthening the core muscles to reduce nonspecific low back pain is not as well …