Psychiatry Commons^™

A Comparative Study On Mental Health Knowledge Based On Socioeconomic Status In Kisumu Kenya 2019, Mashoud Kaba

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Studies show that people who live in rural Kenya have more positive attitudes toward mental illnesses than people in urban areas. They also had more mental health knowledge. One of the differentiating factors between the two environments is the socioeconomic status of those who live in each area. People in rural areas tend to be of lower socioeconomic status, while those living in urban areas tend to be of a higher socioeconomic status. I wanted to see if the previous findings would be observed if we were looking at people in the same area (strictly urban or rural) with the …

Resilience And Quality Of Life (Qol) Of Head And Neck Cancer And Brain Tumour Survivors In Pakistan: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study Protocol, Nida Zahid, Wardah Khalid, Khabir Ahmad, Shireen Shehzad, Iqbal Azam Syed, Nargis Asad, Adnan Jabbar, Mumtaz J Khan, Ather Enam

Department of Surgery Docs

Background: Cancer is a devastating disease and has detrimental effects on the quality of life (QoL) of cancer survivors and interferes with their treatment compliance. The aim of the study is to assess resilience and QoL among cancer survivors and to evaluate the important factors affecting their resilience and QoL, with respect to the Pakistani cultural context.
Method and Analysis: A cross-sectional study will be conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A minimum sample size of 250 head and neck cancers and 250 brain tumour survivors with 10% inflation for non-response rate will be required. The SD …

Treating Substance Use Disorders: Enhancing Attendance At The Weekly Inpatient Medication Assisted Treatment Group, Devon Gillis, Jayne Weisberg, Dena Whitesell, Amy Mcauliffe, Amy Sparks, Suneela Nayak, Ruth Hanselman, Stephen Tyzik

Operations Transformation

At a large academic tertiary medical center, an Integrated Medication Assisted Treatment (IMAT) program has been established for those medically stable inpatients with an addiction diagnosis. Over a four month period, this program had experienced a decline in attendance and a quality improvement project was initiated is to better understand the barriers to attendance and institute a process that would reverse the decline.

A goal was established to improve attendance by medically stable patients that have consented to participate to a minimum of 50%.

A root cause analysis outlined numerous causes for low attendance and several countermeasures were established to …

The Future Cannot Come Soon Enough: How Federal Regulation Of Telepsychiatry Is Necessary To Create Greater Access To Mental Health Services During A Time When Psychiatrists Are In Short Supply, Lisa V. Parciak

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Patient Engagement On The Go: Utilizing Mobile Application Technology To Centralize Resources For Behavioral Health Patients, Paul A. Siegfried Ms, Jason Boyko Lpc, Faclp, Brenda Shaffer Msn, Rn, Edward R. Norris Md, Fapa, Fapm

Department of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

The Development Of Face Morphing Task To Assess Self Other Differentiation, Esen Karan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Self-Other Differentiation (SOD) refers to a developmental process of acquiring a consolidated, integrated, and individuated sense of self. SOD develops at a) perceptual (e.g., facial perception) and b) representational (e.g., traits, mental states, and beliefs) levels. Impairments in representational SOD (R-SOD) are associated with many forms of psychopathology, particularly borderline personality disorder (BPD) and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). Few studies to date have examined the perceptual aspects of SOD (P-SOD), which are hypothesized to develop from infancy onwards in tandem and in interaction with R-SOD. Given that the human face is one of the key characteristics that humans use to …

Advances In Management Of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes In Neurodegenerative Diseases, Jeffrey Cummings, Aaron Ritter, Kasia Rothenberg

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Purpose of Review Neuropsychiatric syndromes (NPS) are common in neurodegenerative disorders (NDD). This review describes the role of NPS in the diagnosis of NDD, criteria for the diagnosis of NPS, management of NPS, and agents in clinical trials for NPS. Recent Findings NPS play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of NDD. Consensus diagnostic criteria have evolved for psychosis, depression, agitation, and apathy in NDD. With one exception—pimavanserin is approved for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions in Parkinson’s disease—there are no drugs approved by the FDA for treatment of NPS in NDD. Trials show that atypical antipsychotics reduce …

Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale In Tardive Dyskinesia: Minimal Clinically Important Difference, Martha Sajatovic

Faculty Scholarship

Background: A minimal clinically important difference has not been established for the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale in patients with tardive dyskinesia. Valbenazine is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia in adults. Efficacy in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials was defined as the change from baseline in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale total score (sum of items 1-7). Objectives: To estimate an minimal clinically important difference for the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale using valbenazine trial data and an anchor-based method. Methods: Data were pooled from three 6-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trials: KINECT (NCT01688037), KINECT 2 (NCT01733121), and …

Impact Of Adverse Childhood Experiences On Mental Health Outcomes And Related Prescription Practices In A Psychiatric Inpatient Sample, Carrie Lemay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A definitive association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative physical and mental health outcomes has been established. There is evidence that individuals in forensic psychiatric facilities are disproportionately exposed to ACEs, which may impact severity, prognosis, and age of onset of psychiatric symptoms, including behavioral concerns of institutional aggression, self-harm behaviors, and suicide attempts. Such psychiatric and behavioral concerns are often managed through multiple psychotropic prescriptions, leading to psychotropic polypharmacy. This study evaluated the relationship between ACEs, mental health and behavioral concerns, and psychotropic polypharmacy through analysis of archival data from a forensic inpatient psychiatric facility. A total of …

Barriers To Epilepsy Care In Central Uganda, A Qualitative Interview And Focus Group Study Involving Plwe And Their Caregivers, Martha Sajatovic, Carol Blixen

Faculty Scholarship

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disease with substantial impact on the subject and their caretakers. This exploratory study identified barriers to care for persons living with epilepsy (PLWE) to develop a culturally acceptable nurse led self-management intervention for PLWE previously developed in the United States. Methods: The study involving 48 participants (31 PLWE and 17 caregivers) with in depth interviews and focus groups was conducted. We obtained insights into barriers to care in PLWE and their caregivers. Using a thematic analytic procedure emphasizing the dominant themes the qualitative responses were analyzed. Median age of PLWE was 24 years (IQR …

Postpartum Psychosis In A Non-Native Language-Speaking Patient: A Perspective On Language Barriers And Cultural Competency., Tatsuhiko Naito, Justin Chin, Jun Lin, Pritesh J Shah, Christine M. Lomiguen

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (New York) Publications and Research

Postpartum psychosis is a condition characterised by rapid onset of psychotic symptoms several weeks after childbirth. Outside of its timing and descriptions of psychotic features, minimal research exists due to its relative rarity (1 to 2 per 1000 births in the USA), with greater emphasis on postpartum sadness and depression. With the existing literature, cultural differences and language barriers previously have not been taken into consideration as there are no documented cases of postpartum psychosis in a non-English-speaking patient. Correctly differentiating postpartum psychosis from other postpartum psychiatric disorders requires adeptly evaluating for the presence of psychotic symptoms with in-depth history …

The "M" Word: Accusations Of Malingering Are Harmful To Patient Care, Joshua S. Ellis

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

It starts as a small seed of doubt. It can be planted by anyone: the physician, the nurse, a family member, or even the patient. But once the seed gets planted in the minds of those involved in caring for the patient, every word and action from the patient function as water and sunshine, encouraging the seed to grow. The seed of doubt grows into a small tree of criticism which blooms into a collection of judgment and prejudice that prevent the patient from receiving the care that he or she deserves. All of this can happen after a patient …

Obstetrical Providers’ Comfort And Knowledge Of Screening, Brief Intervention, And Referral To Treatment, Dennis J. Hand, Aasta Mehta, Emily Rosenthal, Alice C. Fischer, Tamara Tatevosian, Carrie Malanga, Laura Hart, Debra Dalessandro, Kristin Walker

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Posters

Background

Rates of substance use during pregnancy have continued to rise through 2017. It is likely that obstetrical providers are encountering many pregnant persons who use substances either during prenatal care or postpartum. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is an evidence-based model that has been successfully implemented in some obstetrical settings, but its implementation has been sporadic. The objective of this study was to determine the baseline level of familiarity and use of SBIRT elements among obstetrical providers to identify needs for future SBIRT implementation efforts.

Methods

Participants were physicians, medical students, nurses, and other staff attending …

Nash-Wo-Numa (Childhood Growth & Development) Study Protocol: Factors That Impact Linear Growth In Children 9 To 15 Years Of Age In Matiari, Pakistan, Susan C. Campisi, Yaqub Wasan, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Suneeta Monga, Daphne J. Korczak, Wendy Lou, Olle Soder, Ashley Vandermorris, Khadija N Humayun, Ayesha Mian, Peter Szatmari, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Adolescence is a time of significant physical and emotional change, and there is emerging concern that adolescents living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) may face substantial challenges in relation to linear growth and mental health. Data on the global burden of stunting after 5 years of age are limited, but estimates suggest up to 50 per cent of all adolescents in some LMIC are stunted. Additionally, many LMIC lack robust mental health care delivery systems. Pakistan has one of the world's largest populations of adolescents (10 to 19 years) at approximately 40 million. The Nash-wo-Numa study's primary objective …

Determining A Clinical Role For Digital Apps For Mental Health, Hephsibah Loeb, Md, Ann Chandy, Md

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Posters

In 2017, the FDA approved the first app for treatment of alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and stimulant use disorders. In a preceding randomized controlled trial, mobile software Therapeutic Education System (TES) was found to reduce dropout from treatment and to increase patients’ rates of abstinence from substance abuse. Another study showed that PRIME-D, a mobile-based treatment for depression, positively affected symptoms of depression and disability. Many individuals seek out self-help apps for psychiatric complaints, although, in general, little evidence exists for evaluation of the most accessible mobile apps for self-help. What are the strengths and weaknesses of digital apps for treatment …

Effects Of The Kcnq Channel Opener Ezogabine On Functional Connectivity Of The Ventral Striatum And Clinical Symptoms In Patients With Major Depressive Disorder, Aaron Tan, Sara Costi, Laurel S. Morris, Nicholas T. Van Dam, Marin Kautz, Alexis E. Whitton, Allyson K. Friedman, Katherine A. Collins, Gabriella Ahle, Nisha Chadha, Brian Do, Diego A. Pizzagalli, Dan V. Iosifescu, Eric J. Nestler, Ming-Hu Han, James W. Murrough

Publications and Research

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet current treatment strategies remain limited in their mechanistic diversity. Recent evidence has highlighted a promising novel pharmaceutical target—the KCNQ-type potassium channel—for the treatment of depressive disorders, which may exert a therapeutic effect via functional changes within the brain reward system, including the ventral striatum. The current study assessed the effects of the KCNQ channel opener ezogabine (also known as retigabine) on reward circuitry and clinical symptoms in patients with MDD. Eighteen medication-free individuals with MDD currently in a major depressive episode were enrolled in an open-label study and …

Affective Disturbance In Mild Cognitive Impairment, Jason Greenhagen, Emily Matusz, Sheina Emrani, David Libon, Sherry Pomerantz

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an identifiable, prodromal stage of cognitive impairment and has been further defined into subtypes: amnestic, language, executive functioning, and multi domain/mixed MCI (Jak et al. 2009 ). The purpose of this study is to (1) examine the differences in depression, anxiety, and apathy between MCI subtypes; and (2) assess the relationship between the neurocognitive domains (executive functioning, language, and memory and affective symptoms. We hypothesize that apathy will be greater in dysexecutive/mixed MCI (dys/mixed MCI) and be more highly correlated to neurocognitive deficits compared to depression or anxiety. This is a retrospective study of 113 …

Survey Of Primary Care Physicians’ And Pediatricians’ Competency In Identifying Prodromal Symptoms In Schizophrenia And Psychotic Disorders, Mark Shephard, Joanna Petrides

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

• To address whether primary care physicians and pediatricians are equipped to recognize the prodromal symptoms of psychotic disorders

• Patients of primary care physicians exhibited increased help seeking behaviors prior to schizophrenia diagnosis [1]

• Primary care physicians in numerous countries have shown a lack of sufficient knowledge related to diagnosing and treating schizophrenia [2,3,4,5,6]

• Unclear if primary care physicians in the United States are adequately trained and prepared to recognize prodromal signs of schizophrenia, and diagnose and treat a variety of psychotic disorders

Omt For The Treatment Of Depression And Anxiety, Zachary Winchell

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) fundamentally aims to remedy somatic dysfunction through the manipulation of the patient. In this regard, OMT is a particularly viable non-pharmacological adjunct for patients with depressive and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

In both of these disorders, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has an interdependent relationship with physiological stress that feed one another to both increase symptomology and leave patients vulnerable to negative life events. Additionally, pro-inflammatory cytokines acting on the brain over long periods of time can lead to exacerbation of disease and the development of depression in susceptible individuals. Altered cytokine balance has also been found in …

Children And Their Parents’ Assessment Of Postoperative Surgical Pain: Agree Or Disagree?, Olivia Kaminsky, Michelle Fortier, Brooke N. Jenkins, Robert S. Stevenson, Jeffrey I. Gold, Jeannie Zuk, Brenda Golianu, Sherrie H. Kaplan, Zeev N. Kain

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Objective

The purpose of this study is to compare postoperative pain scores between children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) surgery and their parents, identify potential predictors for this disagreement, and determine possible impact on analgesic administration.

Methods

This is a prospective longitudinal study conducted with children undergoing outpatient T&A in 4 major tertiary hospitals and their parents. Children and their parents were enrolled prior to surgery and completed baseline psychological instruments assessing parental anxiety (STAI), parental coping style (MBSS), child temperament (EAS) and parental medication administration attitude questionnaire (MAQ). Postoperatively, parents and children completed at-home pain severity ratings (Faces Pain …