Orthopedics Commons^™

Front Matter, Arianna Medina

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Arianna Medina

Western Journal of Orthopaedics

No abstract provided.

Adolescent Scoliosis In Autism Spectrum Disorder: Is It Idiopathic Or Syndromic??, Ravi Rajendra, Matthew B. Bratton, Claudia Leonardi, R. Carter Clement

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Purpose: Minimal data exists on whether adolescents with both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and scoliosis exhibit distinct curve types or require varying surgical management compared to neurotypical adolescents. Our study at a high-volume scoliosis center compares patterns of scoliosis in ASD patients with those of neurotypical patients. We hypothesized adolescents with ASD would present with atypical scoliosis curve characteristics compared to neurotypical adolescents. Methods: Using ICD-10 codes, we constructed an electronic database of adolescents aged 10 to 18 with diagnoses of both scoliosis and ASD. To avoid confounding with syndromic conditions, adolescents with a syndrome independently associated with scoliosis were …

Ao Spine Clinical Practice Recommendations For Diagnosis And Management Of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Evidence Based Decision Making - A Review Of Cutting Edge Recent Literature Related To Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy, Michael G Fehlings, Nathan Evaniew, Paula Valerie Ter Wengel, Aditya Vedantam, Daipayan Guha, Konstantinos Margetis, Aria Nouri, Aminul I Ahmed, Chris J Neal, Benjamin M Davies, Mario Ganau, Jefferson R Wilson, Allan R Martin, Lukas Grassner, Lindsay Tetreault, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Rex Marco, James Harrop, James Guest, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Karlo M Pedro, Brian K Kwon, Charles G Fisher, Shekar N Kurpad

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Study Design

Literature review of key topics related to degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) with critical appraisal and clinical recommendations.

Objective

This article summarizes several key current topics related to the management of DCM.

Methods

Recent literature related to the management of DCM was reviewed. Four articles were selected and critically appraised. Recommendations were graded as Strong or Conditional.

Results

Article 1: The Relationship Between pre-operative MRI Signal Intensity and outcomes. Conditional recommendation to use diffusion-weighted imaging MR signal changes in the cervical cord to evaluate prognosis following surgical intervention for DCM. Article 2: Efficacy and Safety of Surgery for Mild …

Demographic And Clinical Characteristics Of Patients With Benign Bone Tumors: Evidence Of Bimodal Age Distribution In A Hispanic Population, Blake Martin, Mohammad Khalil, Juan Lopez-Alvarenga, Michael Sander

School of Medicine Publications

Background

As far as researchers know, there's no way to prevent BBTs from forming. Although these tumors generally do not metastasize, they can still be dangerous as they may grow and compress healthy tissues and lead to poor outcomes. The principal objective was to evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics linked to BBTs in individuals from the Rio Grande Valley. We hypothesized that older age and males would have greater frequency of BBTs.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review and IRB approval was obtained prior to starting this study. We obtained medical charts for individuals who had been diagnosed …

Utility Of Revised Risk Analysis Index As A Predictor Of Mortality And Morbidity In Orthopaedic Trauma., Chirag Soni, Victor Koltenyuk, Nithin Gupta, Haad A Arif, Aruni Areti, Taylor Manes, Luke A Lopas, Jan P Szatkowski, Christian A Bowers, Benjamin C Taylor, Jack W Weick

Trauma and Acute Care Articles

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the Revised Risk Analysis Index (RAI-Rev) in orthopaedic trauma and compare the predictive discrimination for the RAI-Rev and the 5-Item Modified Frailty Index (mFI-5) for 30-day postoperative outcomes.

DESIGN: This is a retrospective cohort study.

SETTING: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database was used.

PATIENT SELECTION: All patients aged 18 or older who underwent surgical treatment for forearm, humerus, pelvis, acetabulum, femur, tibia, and hindfoot fractures from 2015 to 2020 were included.

OUTCOME: 30-day postoperative mortality, major complications, and wound complications consisting of surgical …

Epidemiology Of Hip Dislocations In The United States From 1990 To 2019: A Temporal Study Using The Global Burden Of Disease Database., Ambrose Loc T Ngo, Gabrielle Dykhouse, Taylor J Manes, Phillip C Mckegg, Cameron J Sabet, Brett Barthman, Robert Golden

Trauma and Acute Care Articles

Introduction Hip dislocations are devastating injuries that require urgent intervention to minimize the development of severe complications. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of hip dislocations in the United States (U.S.) from 1990 to 2019. Methods This study is a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database was used to collect epidemiological data on hip dislocation in the U.S. from 1990 to 2019. Data included years lived with disability (YLDs), prevalence, and incidence rates per 100,000 people. Data were regionally stratified into Northeast, Midwest, South, and West by the U.S. Census definition. Bartlett's test was …

Reduction In Opioid Requirements Following Changes To Regional Anesthesia For Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty, Jeffrey Mauras, Michael Mcmahon, Jaudé Petrie, Ryan Roubion, Amy Bronstone, Claudia Leonardi, Vinod Dasa

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Newer analgesic techniques to reduce opioid use and pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include preoperative cryoneurolysis, adductor canal block (ACB), and local anesthetic infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee (iPACK) block. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether changing the regional analgesic from ropivacaine to liposomal bupivacaine would provide superior pain relief and reduce opioid requirements at 2 and 12 weeks following TKA. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical records review of 140 consecutive patients who underwent primary TKA at a single site and received ACB with ropivacaine (multimodal-ropivacaine [MM-R] group, n …

The Effect Of Celecoxib And Mumab911 On Strain Adaptive Bone Remodeling And Fracture Repair In Female Mice: Implications For Rapidly Progressive Osteoarthritis, Nicholas Ruggiero, Alexandra Ciuciu, Ashkan Sedigh, Ibtesam Rajpar, David Shelton, Patrice Belanger, Kathryn Gropp, John A. Collins, Theresa A. Freeman, Ryan E. Tomlinson

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

Debilitating pain is the primary clinical feature of osteoarthritis (OA) that drives the enormous healthcare costs. Osteoarthritis-related pain is often treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which effectively relieve pain and inflammation by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Antibodies directed against nerve growth factor (NGF) were tested some time ago as an alternative potential analgesic for musculoskeletal pain, including osteoarthritis-related pain. Unfortunately, clinical development of these drugs was put on hold due to adverse outcomes - primarily rapidly progressive osteoarthritis. Both prostaglandin synthesis and NGF have been implicated as critical mediators of strain adaptive bone remodeling, which may play a role …

The Effect Of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs On Union Rates Following Operative Repair Of Distal Radius Fractures, Michael Chang, Alexis Kasper, Juliet Chung, Justin Wright, Margaret Pennington, Asif M. Ilyas

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Purpose

Methods

Methylprednisolone After Shoulder Arthroplasty Leads To Decreased Opioid Prescriptions Without An Increased Risk Of Infection: A Matched Cohort Analysis, Tej Joshi, Tuckerman Jones, Akhil Katakam, Daniella Ogilvie, Amanda Azer, Sefy Paulose, Balazs Galdi

Jefferson Hospital Staff Papers and Presentations

Background

Methods

Intersection Of Alcohol Use, Pain Symptoms, And Negative Affect In Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients And People With Hiv, Taylor Fitzpatrick-Schmidt, Vinod Dasa, Claudia Leonardi, Tekeda F. Ferguson, David A. Welsh, Patricia E. Molina, Martin J.J. Ronis, Scott Edwards

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Alcohol is a well-known analgesic, although excessive alcohol use can lead to hyperalgesia and heightened negative affect. This cross-sectional study examined associations between alcohol use, self-reported pain, and negative affective symptoms in two distinct cohorts of patients vulnerable to chronic pain: individuals undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery and a cohort of people with HIV (PWH). Participants were enrolled in two clinical studies: a retrospective study of patients undergoing TKA and a longitudinal study of PWH, the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) cohort. Based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (AUDIT-C) score, participants in both …

The Influence Of Perioperative Education On Postoperative Digestive Restoration, Christian Cedeno

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Project

The human body often needs encouragement to return to its natural state of functioning following intraoperative and postoperative drug therapy. Anesthesia can sedate the gastrointestinal tract and frequently requires medical and physical interventions to allow the body to return to full functionality. There are several methods thought to be beneficial in overcoming of this condition, and some have proven their significance more so than other methods. This project seeks to measure the power-of-knowledge methodology via a chart review of individuals specifically educated on what they can expect in the postoperative phase of care compared to those that receive routine education. …

Food Insecurity In Adolescent Athletes, Andrew Donaldson, Shannon Margherio, Jay Roberson, Kevin Latz

Research Days

Background: The prevalence of food insecurity among children in the United States is estimated at 21%. Food insecurity during childhood leads to worse school performance, more emotional and behavioral health concerns, and increased suicide attempts. Further, food insecurity has been noted to have multiple deleterious effects on the collegiate student athlete, including lower GPA, disordered eating, and substance use.

Hypothesis: Food insecurity is prevalent in the adolescent athlete population and exists across demographics.

Methods: Voluntary surveys were distributed to parents at all sports medicine clinics at our institution. Demographic data was collected including athlete age, race, school and school district, …

Improving Deep Vein Thrombosis Rates In Spine Surgery Patients, Arbaz A. Momin, Md, James Harrop, Md

Health Equity and Quality Improvement (HEQI) Summit

Background

- DVT/PEs are sources of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients
- Spine surgery patients are immobile postop and tend to be obese
- For spine surgery patients DVT rates reported to range from 0.3% to 15.5%
- DVT propagation to PE can lead to significant mortality

• 30-day case fatality rate of PE is 3.9%

- Quality metric that hospitals are evaluated

• Patient safety indicator (PSI)

Comparison Of Gluteal Muscle Central Activation In Individuals With And Without Patellofemoral Pain, Michael Carpio, John S. Donohue, Jacob P. Kissman

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose/Hypothesis: Individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) often present with knee valgus during weight-bearing activities. Weakness in the gluteal muscles is thought to contribute to this condition, but recent studies suggest that hip weakness might be a secondary problem in this population. Central nervous system adaptations have been noted in persons with PFP, which can lead to altered muscle function, faulty movement patterns, and poor function. Experimentally, central activation can be quantified by a central activation ratio (CAR) via superimposed burst (SIB) during a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) where the ratio of volitionally activated motor units to total motor units …

Intraspinal Anomalies In Presumed Ais Does Not Increase The Risk Of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Changes During Posterior Spinal Fusion, Connor Mathes, Bill Woodhams, Aaron Shaw, John Anderson, Michael Benvenuti, Richard Schwend

Research Days

This study aims to identify the association between intraoperative neuromonitoring changes during posterior spinal fusion surgery among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and those found to have intraspinal anomalies on standard preoperative imaging.

Spinal Deformity Characteristics Associated With Intraspinal Anomalies In A Population Of Presumed Ais, Connor Mathes, Aaron Shaw, Bill Woodhams, John Anderson, Michael Benvenuti, Richard Schwend

Research Days

This study aims to identify an association between pre-operative radiographic criterion and the presence of an underlying intraspinal anomaly in patients presenting with presumed adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion.

Can Flywheel Training Serve As A Viable Intervention For Dynamic Strength Index Based Programs?, Jeffrey Ruiz

Doctorate in Kinesiology

The purpose of this case series was to examine the effects that flywheel training had on a person’s dynamic strength index in comparison to concurrent training (DSI). It has been shown that with strength training alone there can be an overall decrease in the DSI, due to an increase the IMTP peak force and no significant change in the CMJ performance (Comfort et al., 2018). Flywheel training’s effect on the DSI specifically have not been previously examined. It was hypothesized that a regimented flywheel training intervention will demonstrate an

improvement in the peak force for the countermovement jumps as well …

Integrating Artificial Intelligence In Orthopedic Care: Advancements In Bone Care And Future Directions, Rahul Kumar, Kyle Sporn, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Phani Paladugu, Swapna Vaja, Tamer Hage, Tejas C. Sekhar, Amar S. Vadhera, Alex Ngo, Nasif Zaman, Alireza Tavakkoli, Mouayad Masalkhi

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the field of orthopedic bioengineering by increasing diagnostic accuracy and surgical precision and improving patient outcomes. This review highlights using AI for orthopedics in preoperative planning, intraoperative robotics, smart implants, and bone regeneration. AI-powered imaging, automated 3D anatomical modeling, and robotic-assisted surgery have dramatically changed orthopedic practices. AI has improved surgical planning by enhancing complex image interpretation and providing augmented reality guidance to create highly accurate surgical strategies. Intraoperatively, robotic-assisted surgeries enhance accuracy and reduce human error while minimizing invasiveness. AI-powered smart implant sensors allow for in vivo monitoring, early complication detection, and individualized rehabilitation. …