Neurology Commons^™

Norepinephrine: The Next Therapeutics Frontier For Parkinson's Disease, Peter A. Lewitt

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Tissue concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) are markedly decreased in various regions of the Parkinson's disease (PD) brain. As in the substantia nigra pars compacta, neuronal dropout and Lewy bodies are prominent changes affecting the locus coeruleus, which is the source of ascending NErgic projections. Despite the major roles of NE throughout the brain, there has been only minimal exploration of pharmacological intervention with NErgic neurotransmission. Cognitive operations, "freezing" of gait, tremor, dyskinesia, REM sleep regulation, and other aspects of brain function are tied into signaling by NE, and there is also evidence that it may have a role in …

Neuroangiogenesis: A Vascular Basis For Alzheimer's Disease And Cognitive Decline During Aging, Charles T. Ambrose

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Angiogenesis directs development of the brain's microcirculation during antenatal and postnatal development, but its role later in life is less well recognized. I contend that during senescence a reduced cerebral capillary density accounts in part for the vascular cognitive impairment observed in many older persons and possibly for some forms of Alzheimer's disease. I propose that neuroangiogenesis is essential throughout adult life for maintaining the microcirculation of the cerebral cortex and elsewhere in the brain and that it commonly declines with old age. To support this hypothesis I have examined the neurological literature for relevant studies on cerebral capillary density …

Pathophysiology And Management Of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension--A Review, Nadir Ali Syed, Farhan Arshad Mirza, Aqueel Hussain Pabaney, Rameez-Ul-Hassan

Section of Neurology

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension is a syndrome involving reduced intracranial pressure secondary to a dural tear which occurs mostly due to connective tissue disorders such as Marfans Syndrome, and Ehler Danlos Syndrome. Patients with dural ectasias leading to CSF leakage into the subdural or epidural space classically present with orthostatic headaches and cranial nerve deficits mostly seen in cranial nerves V-VIII. Diagnosis of SIH is confirmed with the aid of neuroimaging modalities of which Cranial MR imaging is most widely used. SIH can be treated conservatively or with epidural blood patches which are now widely being used to repair dural tears, …

Bickerstaff’S Brainstem Encephalitis, Miller Fisher Syndrome And Guillain-Barré Syndrome Overlap In An Asthma Patient With Negative Anti-Ganglioside Antibodies, Chongyu Han, Yuan Wang, Jianping Jia, Xunming Ji, Vance Fredrickson, Yuchuan Ding, Wei Sun, Jia Xu, Yong-Xin Sun

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE), together with Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) were considered to form a continuous clinical spectrum. An anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome has been proposed to underlie the common pathophysiology for the three disorders; however, other studies have found a positive anti-GM1 instead of anti-GQ1b antibody.

Case presentation

Here we report a 20-year-old male patient with overlapping BBE, MFS and GBS. The patient had a positive family history of bronchial asthma and had suffered from the condition for over 15 years. He developed BBE symptoms nine days after an asthma exacerbation. During the course …

Segmentation Of Corpus Callosum Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Validation In Patients With Glioblastoma, Mohammad-Reza Nazem-Zadeh, Sona Saksena, Abbas Babajani-Fermi, Quan Jiang, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Mark Rosenblum, Tom Mikkelsen, Rajan Jain

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) method for segmenting corpus callosum in normal subjects and brain cancer patients with glioblastoma.

Methods

Nineteen patients with histologically confirmed treatment naïve glioblastoma and eleven normal control subjects underwent DTI on a 3T scanner. Based on the information inherent in diffusion tensors, a similarity measure was proposed and used in the proposed algorithm. In this algorithm, diffusion pattern of corpus callosum was used as prior information. Subsequently, corpus callosum was automatically divided into Witelson subdivisions. We simulated the potential rotation of corpus callosum under tumor pressure and studied the reproducibility of the …

A New Antiplatelet Agent Cilostazol: What Is The Evidence For Its Use And Tolerability?, Shaista Anwar Sidddiqi, Ayeesha Kamran Kamal

Section of Neurology

No abstract provided.

Peripheral (Limb) Myokymic Discharges In Motor Neuron Disease, Javeria Rauf, Junaid Akhtar, Bhojo Assumal Khealani, Liaquat Ali

Section of Neurology

We present the case of a 28-year-old gentleman who presented with weakness and wasting in the right arm. He complained about painful cramps in his left leg but there were no sensory, visual or swallowing problems. Neurological examination was significant for asymmetric weakness of both upper and lower limbs and deep tendon reflexes were asymmetrically brisk. Initial laboratory investigations, MRI brain and MRI spine were normal. Electromyography revealed active denervation and chronic neurogenic motor unit action potential. Myokymic discharges were noted in the left deltoid muscle.

Infectious Intracranial Aneurysms: Collaboration For Treatment Success, Erin M. Conahan Rn, Bsn, Cnrn

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Conversion From Enzyme-Inducing Antiepileptic Drugs To Topiramate: Effects On Lipids And C-Reactive Protein., Scott Mintzer, Christopher T Skidmore, Sara J Rankin, Inna Chervoneva, Edward Pequinot, David M Capuzzi, Michael R Sperling

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated that converting patients from the enzyme-inducers phenytoin or carbamazepine to the non-inducers levetiracetam or lamotrigine reduces serum lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP). We sought to determine if the same changes would occur when patients were switched to topiramate, which has shown some evidence of enzyme induction at high doses. We also examined the effects of drug switch on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration.

METHODS: We converted 13 patients from phenytoin or carbamazepine monotherapy to topiramate monotherapy (most at doses of 100-150 mg/day). Fasting lipids, including LDL particle concentration, and CRP were obtained before and ≥6 weeks …

Mir-128 Inhibits Tumor Growth And Angiogenesis By Targeting P70s6k1., Zhu-Mei Shi, Jing Wang, Zhiping Yan, Yong-Ping You, Chong-Yong Li, Xu Qian, Yu Yin, Peng Zhao, Ying-Ying Wang, Xie-Feng Wang, Ming-Na Li, Ling-Zhi Liu, Ning Liu, Bing-Hua Jiang

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as critical gene regulators through targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. In this study, we showed that miR-128 expression levels were decreased in glioma, and identified p70S6K1 as a novel direct target of miR-128. Overexpression of miR-128 suppressed p70S6K1 and its downstream signaling molecules such as HIF-1 and VEGF expression, and attenuated cell proliferation, tumor growth and angiogenesis. Forced expression of p70S6K1 can partly rescue the inhibitory effect of miR-128 in the cells. Taken together, these findings will shed light to the role and mechanism of miR-128 in regulating …

Falls And Physical Activity In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, J. J. Sosnoff, B. M. Sandroff, J. H. Pula, S. M. Morrison, R. W. Motl

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Objectives. To examine the association between fall history and physical activity using an objective measure of physical activity (i.e., accelerometry) in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Design. A community-based sample of 75 ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis volunteered for the investigation. Participants self-reported fall history in the last year, underwent a neurological exam to determine Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, and wore an accelerometer around the waist for 7 consecutive days to determine physical activity.

Results. Overall, 37 persons (49.3% of the sample) reported falling in the last year with 28 of the 37 falling more than once. Persons who …

Multimodal Imaging Evidence For Axonal And Myelin Deterioration In Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, Brian T. Gold, Yang Jiang, David K. Powell, Charles D. Smith

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

White matter (WM) microstructural declines have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the pattern of WM microstructural changes in aMCI after controlling for WM atrophy is unknown. Here, we address this issue through joint consideration of aMCI alterations in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity, as well as macrostructural volume in WM and gray matter compartments. Participants were 18 individuals with aMCI and 24 healthy seniors. Voxelwise analyses of diffusion tensor imaging data was carried out using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and voxelwise analyses of high-resolution structural data was conducted using …

Elderly Onset Of Weakness In Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, Dominic B. Fee

Neurology Faculty Publications

A 77-year-old male is presented. He had onset of proximal weakness 10 years earlier. His course was slowly progressive. Despite having phenotypic features of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH), genetic testing for this was delayed because of his age of onset, lack of family history, and benign appearing muscle biopsy. This case is one of the oldest onset of weakness in genetically confirmed FSH and highlights the recognized expansion in phenotype that has occurred since the advent of genetic testing.

Short-Term Plasticity At The Schaffer Collateral: A New Model With Implications For Hippocampal Processing, Andrew Hamilton Toland

Dissertations and Theses

A new mathematical model of short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) at the Schaffer collateral is introduced. Like other models of STP, the new model relates short-term synaptic plasticity to an interaction between facilitative and depressive dynamic influences. Unlike previous models, the new model successfully simulates facilitative and depressive dynamics within the framework of the synaptic vesicle cycle. The novelty of the model lies in the description of a competitive interaction between calcium-sensitive proteins for binding sites on the vesicle release machinery. By attributing specific molecular causes to observable presynaptic effects, the new model of STP can predict the effects of specific …

Investigating The Impact Of Cd147 And Its Expression On Neurodegenaration And Alzheimer's Disease (Ad), Limbikani J. Kanyenda

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

CD147, also known as basigin, extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, neurothelin, tumour cell-derived collagenase stimulatory factor, M6, HT7, OX47 or gp42, is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin super-family. It is expressed in many neuronal and non-neuronal tissues with high expression in the hippocampus, pre-frontal cortex, thyroid, heart, early erythroid, amygdala and placenta. This protein is involved in various cellular and biological functions such as lymphocyte migration and maturation, tissue repair, cancer progression, T and B lymphocyte activation and induction of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase. The CD147 protein interacts with with cyclophilin A, cyclophilin B, sterol carrier protein, caveolin-1 and integrins, and …

Macrophage Imbalance (M1 Vs. M2) And Upregulation Of Mast Cells In Wall Of Ruptured Human Cerebral Aneurysms: Preliminary Results., David Hasan, Nohra Chalouhi, Pascal Jabbour, Tomoki Hashimoto

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: M1 and M2 cells are two major subsets of human macrophages that exert opposite effects on the inflammatory response. This study aims to investigate the role of macrophage M1/M2 imbalance and mast cells in the progression of human cerebral aneurysms to rupture.

METHODS: Ten patients with cerebral aneurysms (five ruptured and five unruptured) underwent microsurgical clipping. During the procedure, a segment of the aneurysm dome was resected and immunostained with monoclonal antibodies for M1 cells (anti-HLA DR), M2 cells (anti-CD 163), and mast cells (anti-tryptase clone AA). A segment of the superficial temporal artery (STA) was also removed and …

Contrasting Effects Of Errorless Naming Treatment And Gestural Facilitation For Word Retrieval In Aphasia, Anastasia M. Raymer, Beth Mchose, Kimberly G. Smith, Lisa Iman, Alexis Ambrose, Colleen Casselton

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

Purpose- We compared the effects of two treatments for aphasic word retrieval impairments, errorless naming treatment (ENT) and gestural facilitation of naming (GES), within the same individuals, anticipating that the use of gesture would enhance the effect of treatment over errorless treatment alone. In addition to picture naming, we evaluated results for other outcome measures that were largely untested in earlier ENT studies.

Methods- In a single participant crossover treatment design, we examined the effects of ENT and GES in eight individuals with stroke-induced aphasia and word retrieval impairments (three semantic anomia, five phonological anomia) in counterbalanced phases across participants. …

A Critical Analysis Of The Current State Of Neurosurgery Training In Pakistan, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Muhammad Zubair Tahir, Saniya Siraj Godil, Rajesh Kumar, Arshad Ali Siddiqui

Section of Neurosurgery

Objective: To observe interdepartmental variation in the availability of resources and academic activities within the various neurosurgery programs of Pakistan.
Methods: This was a proforma-based survey of neurosurgery trainees and young neurosurgeons of Pakistan, looking at the academic infrastructure and output of their programs. The proforma was filled by 36 respondents from 11 neurosurgery centers of the country. All these centers were accredited for neurosurgery training in Pakistan.
Results: Out of the 36 respondents, 30 were completing a Fellowship training (FCPS) and six were enrolled for a Master in Surgery (MS) program. About 80% of the participants used the Youman's …

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: An Institutional Perspective From Pakistan, Muhammad Zubair Tahir, Muhammad Babar Khan, Muhammad Umair Bashir, Shabbir Akhtar, Muhammad Ehsan Bari

Section of Neurosurgery

Background:The management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea has evolved over the last two decades. We present here a review of our 11-year data on CSF rhinorrhea and its management at a tertiary care hospital in a developing country, with particular reference to the diagnosis, surgical management and outcome of the disease.
Methods: The medical charts of all Patients with a diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea over an 11-year period were reviewed. The etiology of CSF rhinorrhea was classified into three categories: spontaneous, iatrogenic and traumatic. All the Patients were divided into three categories based on the type of management as …

Jean-Martin Charcot - Neurologist By Avocation, Nephrologist By Yearning, Gary Eknoyan

Houston History of Medicine Lectures (2006-2012)

In an age of medical advances and specialization, Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) helped found the discipline of neurology and in 1882 was appointed the first professor of Diseases of the Nervous System in France. As an investigator with broad interests and vast knowledge Charcot contributed to several other disciplines. An early mentor and dominant figure in Charcot's formative years was Pierre Rayer (1793-1867), famous for his seminal contributions to the study of the kidney, who gifted Charcot with his passion for clinical pathological correlations and likely a yearning for the study of kidney diseases. Famous for the clarity and incisiveness of …