Neurology Commons^™

The International Surgical Trial In Intracerebral Haemorrhage (Stich)--What Are Its Implications In A Resource Limited Health System Like Pakistan, Maria Khan, Ayeesha Kamran Kamal

Section of Neurology

No abstract provided.

Valproate Semisodium Er For Migraine And Cluster Headache Prophylaxis., Brigitte V. Lovell, Michael J. Marmura

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Migraine and cluster headache (CH) are disabling syndromes that often require prophylactic treatment. Valproate semisodium ER (VPS ER) is FDA-approved for the treatment of epilepsy, acute mania in bipolar disorder and migraine prophylaxis.

AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: We reviewed literature regarding VPS ER pharmacokinetics and its use in migraine and CH prophylaxis.

WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: VPS ER is well studied and effective in the preventive treatment of migraine and CH. This article reviews the evidence for its use, describes how to administer and dose this medication, and reviews important safety precautions.

TAKE HOME …

Metabolic Consequences Of Antiepileptic Drugs, Scott Mintzer

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Purpose of Review: Chemical properties of the widely used older generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) suggest that they might be responsible for a number of medical comorbidities. Recent Findings: AEDs which induce the cytochrome P450 system adversely affect bone, lipid, and gonadal steroid metabolism. Specifically, phenytoin causes loss of bone mass in women, and both phenytoin and carbamazepine produce increases in serum lipids and C-reactive protein, as well as decreases in bioactive testosterone in men. Patients treated with inducing AEDs are at increased risk of fracture. Some contradictory data raise the question of whether bone mass is truly related to enzyme …

Molecular Cross Talk Between Misfolded Proteins In Animal Models Of Alzheimer's And Prion Diseases, Rodrigo Morales, Lisbell D Estrada, Rodrigo Diaz-Espinoza, Diego Morales-Scheihing, Maria C Jara, Joaquin Castilla, Claudio Soto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The central event in protein misfolding disorders (PMDs) is the accumulation of a misfolded form of a naturally expressed protein. Despite the diversity of clinical symptoms associated with different PMDs, many similarities in their mechanism suggest that distinct pathologies may cross talk at the molecular level. The main goal of this study was to analyze the interaction of the protein misfolding processes implicated in Alzheimer's and prion diseases. For this purpose, we inoculated prions in an Alzheimer's transgenic mouse model that develop typical amyloid plaques and followed the progression of pathological changes over time. Our findings show a dramatic acceleration …

Electronic Medical Records As A Research Tool: Evaluating Topiramate Use At A Headache Center., Michael J. Marmura, Md, Mary Hopkins, Rn, Msn, Jocelyn Andrel, Msph, William B. Young, Md, David M. Biondi, Do, Marcia F.T. Rupnow, Phd, Robert B. Armstrong, Md

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background.—Electronic medical records (EMRs) are used in large healthcare centers to increase efficiency and accuracy of documentation. These databases may be utilized for clinical research or to describe clinical practices such as medication usage.

Methods.—We conducted a retrospective analysis of EMR data from a headache clinic to evaluate clinician prescription use and dosing patterns of topiramate. The study cohort comprised 4833 unique de-identified records, which were used to determine topiramate dose and persistence of treatment.

Results.—Within the cohort, migraine was the most common headache diagnosis (n = 3753, 77.7%), followed by tension-type headache (n = 338, 7.0%) and cluster or …

Dual-Task Interference: The Effects Of Verbal Cognitive Tasks On Upright Postural Stability In Parkinson's Disease, J. D. Holmes, M. E. Jenkins, Andrew M. Johnson, S. G. Adams, S. J. Spaulding

Occupational Therapy Publications

Although dual-task interference has previously been demonstrated to have a significant effect on postural control among individuals with Parkinson's disease, the impact of speech complexity on postural control has not been demonstrated using quantitative biomechanical measures. The postural stability of twelve participants with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and twelve healthy age-matched controls was evaluated under three conditions: (1) without a secondary task, (2) performing a rote repetition task and (3) generating a monologue. Results suggested a significant effect of cognitive load on biomechanical parameters of postural stability. Although both groups increased their postural excursion, individuals with Parkinson's disease demonstrated significantly reduced …

Improving Schizophrenia Diagnosis Through Biomarkers: An Upcoming Prospect, Syed Mohammad Asad Zaidi, Abdul Latif Bikak, Rameez-Ul Hassan

Medical College Documents

No abstract provided.

Progressive Changes In Microglia And Macrophages In Spinal Cord And Peripheral Nerve In The Transgenic Rat Model Of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, David J. Graber, William F. Hickey, Brent T. Harris

Dartmouth Scholarship

The role of neuroinflammation in motor neuron death of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is unclear. The human mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (hmSOD1)-expressing murine transgenic model of ALS has provided some insight into changes in microglia activity during disease progression. The purpose of this study was to gain further knowledge by characterizing the immunological changes during disease progression in the spinal cord and peripheral nerve using the more recently developed hmSOD1 rat transgenic model of ALS. Using immunohistochemistry, the extent and intensity of tissue CD11b expression in spinal cord, lumbar nerve roots, and sciatic nerve were evaluated in hmSOD1 rats that were …

Neural Activity In The Hippocampus And Perirhinal Cortex During Encoding Is Associated With The Durability Of Episodic Memory, V. A. Carr, Indre Viskontas, S. A. Engel, B. J. Knowlton

Psychology

Studies examining medial temporal lobe (MTL) involvement in memory formation typically assess memory performance after a single, short delay. Thus, the relationship between MTL encoding activity and memory durability over time remains poorly characterized. To explore this relationship, we scanned participants using high-resolution functional imaging of the MTL as they encoded object pairs; using the remember/know paradigm, we then assessed memory performance for studied items both 10 min and 1 week later. Encoding trials were classified as either subsequently recollected across both delays, transiently recollected (i.e., recollected at 10 min but not after 1 week), consistently familiar, or consistently forgotten. …

Elevated Csf Outflow Resistance Associated With Impaired Lymphatic Csf Absorption In A Rat Model Of Kaolin-Induced Communicating Hydrocephalus, Gurjit Nagra, Mark E. Wagshul, Shams Rashid, Jie Li, J Pat Mcallister Ii, Miles Johnston

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

We recently reported a lymphatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption deficit in a kaolin model of communicating hydrocephalus in rats with ventricular expansion correlating negatively with the magnitude of the impediment to lymphatic function. However, it is possible that CSF drainage was not significantly altered if absorption at other sites compensated for the lymphatic defect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the lymphatic absorption deficit on global CSF absorption (CSF outflow resistance).

Methods

Kaolin was injected into the basal cisterns of Sprague Dawley rats. The development of hydrocephalus was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging …

Laterality, Perception, And Action During The Size-Weight Illusion, Gavin Buckingham, Nathalie S. Ranger, Melvyn A. Goodale

Psychology Presentations

In the classic size-weight illusion (SWI), a small object will feel heavier than an larger object of equal weight (Charpentier, 1891). Individuals continue to perceive this illusory difference in weight long after their gripping and lifting forces have scaled to the actual, identical, mass of the illusion-inducing stimuli (Flanagan & Beltzner, 2000).

The independence of our weight perception and fingertip force application has only been quantified in the right hand of right-handers. The immunity to this perceptual illusion may be affected by manual asymmetries (e.g., Gonzalez, Ganel & Goodale, 2006).

We examined perception of heaviness and fingertip force scaling in …

Overview Of Surgical Management Of Infectious Non-Suppurative Brain Lesions (Part 2), Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Ather Enam, Syed Faizan Ali, Rushna Pervez Ali, Mohammad Wasay

Section of Neurosurgery

No abstract provided.

Sleep Well To Stay Safe: Ready For Primetime?, Mihai C. Teodorescu, Mariana Szklo-Coxe

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Commentary on Kling et al. Sleep problems and workplace injuries in Canada. Sleep 2010;33:611-618.

Speak Up: Care Should Be A Right, Not A Privilege, Page Walker Buck

Social Work (Graduate) Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Increased Dendrite Branching In Aβpp/Ps1 Mice And Elongation Of Dendrite Arbors By Fasudil Administration, Brian A. Couch, George J. Demarco, Shannon L. Gourley, Anthony J. Koleske

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction and dendrite arbor atrophy are hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease. The RhoA GTPase (Rho) signals through Rho kinase (ROCK) to control cytoskeletal dynamics and regulate neuron structure. Hyperactive Rho signaling destabilizes neurons leading to dendritic regression that can be rescued by genetic or pharmacological reduction of ROCK signaling. To understand what effect reduced ROCK signaling has on the dendrite arbors of mice that overproduce Aβ, we administered the ROCK inhibitor fasudil to AβPP/PS1 transgenic mice. We report that increased dendrite branching occurs in AβPP/PS1 mice and that fasudil promotes …

Synaptic Clustering Of Psd-95 Is Regulated By C-Abl Through Tyrosine Phosphorylation, Karen Perez De Arce, Lorena Varela-Nallar, Olivia Farias, Alejandra Cifuentes, Paulina Bull, Brian A. Couch, Anthony J. Koleske, Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, Alejandra R. Alvarez

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

The c-Abl tyrosine kinase is present in mouse brain synapses, but its precise synaptic function is unknown. We found that c-Abl levels in the rat hippocampus increase postnatally, with expression peaking at the first postnatal week. In 14 d in vitro hippocampal neuron cultures, c-Abl localizes primarily to the postsynaptic compartment, in which it colocalizes with the postsynaptic scaffold protein postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) in apposition to presynaptic markers. c-Abl associates with PSD-95, and chemical or genetic inhibition of c-Abl kinase activity reduces PSD-95 tyrosine phosphorylation, leading to reduced PSD-95 clustering and reduced synapses in treated neurons. c-Abl can phosphorylate …

Prediction Of Brain Tumor Progression Using A Machine Learning Technique, Yuzhong Shen, Debrup Banerjee, Jiang Li, Adam Chandler, Yufei Shen, Frederic D. Mckenzie, Jihong Wang, Nico Karssemeijer (Ed.), Ronald M. Summers (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A machine learning technique is presented for assessing brain tumor progression by exploring six patients' complete MRI records scanned during their visits in the past two years. There are ten MRI series, including diffusion tensor image (DTI), for each visit. After registering all series to the corresponding DTI scan at the first visit, annotated normal and tumor regions were overlaid. Intensity value of each pixel inside the annotated regions were then extracted across all of the ten MRI series to compose a 10 dimensional vector. Each feature vector falls into one of three categories:normal, tumor, and normal but progressed to …

Role Of Levetiracetam In Refractory Seizures Due To A Rare Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy: Lafora Body Disease, Mubashira Hashmi, Feroza Saleem, Muhammad Shahid Mustafa, Mughis Sheerani, Zeeshan Ehtesham, Khurram Siddiqui

Section of Neurology

Lafora disease is one of the rare, most fatal progressive myoclonic epilepsies reported. We present a case of a teenager with intractable seizures and progressive mental decline, diagnosed as Lafora body disease on axillary skin biopsy. He was admitted with status epilepticus with refractory myoclonic and generalised tonic clonic seizures. Despite on maximum doses of multiple antiepileptic drugs and infusions of propofol and midazolam, his seizures were refractory to all forms of medical therapy tried. Levetiracetam (LEV), a pyrrolidine derivative, was introduced; he showed a prompt response and was weaned off successfully from infusions of anticonvulsants and mechanical ventilation within …

Ischemic Stroke Care - Official Guidelines From The Pakistan Society Of Neurology, Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Ahmed Itrat, Imama Naqvi, Maria Khan, Roomasa Channa, Ismail Khatri, Mohammad Wasay

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Interaction Of The Mu-Opioid Receptor With Gpr177 (Wntless) Inhibits Wnt Secretion: Potential Implications For Opioid Dependence., Jay Jin, Saranya Kittanakom, Victoria Wong, Beverly A S Reyes, Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele, Igor Stagljar, Wade Berrettini, Robert Levenson

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Opioid agonist drugs produce analgesia. However, long-term exposure to opioid agonists may lead to opioid dependence. The analgesic and addictive properties of opioid agonist drugs are mediated primarily via the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). Opioid agonists appear to alter neuronal morphology in key brain regions implicated in the development of opioid dependence. However, the precise role of the MOR in the development of these neuronal alterations remains elusive. We hypothesize that identifying and characterizing novel MOR interacting proteins (MORIPs) may help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved in the development of opioid dependence. RESULTS: GPR177, the mammalian ortholog of Drosophila …