Trauma Commons^™

Changing Face Of Trauma And Surgical Training In A Developing Country: A Literature Review, Qamar Riaz, Sabah Uddin Saqib, Rehan Nasir Khan, Nadeem Ahmed Siddiqui

Department of Surgery Docs

Trauma continues to be the major cause of disability and death globally and surgeons are often involved in immediate care. However there has been an exponential decrease in the number of the trained trauma surgeons. The purpose of the current review article is to summarize the published literature pertaining to trauma education in postgraduate surgical training programmes internationally and in a developing country as Pakistan. Several electronic databases like MEDLINE, PubMed, Google scholar and PakMediNet were searched using the keywords 'trauma education' or 'trauma training' AND 'postgraduate medical education', 'surgery residency training', 'surgery residents' and 'surgeons'. The current training in …

Knowledge Gain Of The Non-Vascular Surgeons After Attending A Course On Traumatic Vascular Emergencies, Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad Asad Moosa, Qamar Riaz

Department of Surgery Docs

Objective: To measure the effectiveness of the workshop in enhancing the knowledge and skills of the non-vascular surgeons in dealing with traumatic vascular emergencies.
Methodology: It was a Quasi-experimental pre-post design study conducted at Section of Vascular Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (Pakistan) in February 2019. One-day workshop was conducted to enhance the knowledge and operative skills of the non-vascular surgeons in managing traumatic vascular emergencies. A written test and course evaluation survey were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the course in achieving the desired objectives.
Results: Total of 21 participants attended the workshop with mean age of …

Conventional And Contemporary Approaches Of Splinting Traumatized Teeth: A Review Article, Shizrah Jamal, Momina Motiwala, Rabia Ghafoor

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Trauma moves a tooth from its original position which needs to be repositioned for optimum healing and better outcomes. To stabilize the traumatically displaced teeth, splinting is specified as the gold standard. In this article we have discussed about various old and modern techniques based on the type of material to splint teeth with dentoalveolar trauma. As per recommendation of IADT, providing flexible splint is beneficial for good healing. A biologically favourable splint should not just be user friendly but also should be convenient in terms of removal. Every technique has its merits and demerits. Iatrogenic trauma to the teeth …

Psychological Distress And Its Associated Factors Among Informal Care Givers Of Disabled Young Adults With Traumatic Brain Injuries, Samera Punjwani, Yasmin Parpio, Rubina Barolia, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim, Nargis Asad

Department of Surgery Docs

Objective: To measure the psychological distress among the informal caregivers of disabled young adults with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and to identify its associated factors.
Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted with 76 informal caregivers of young adults (19 - 50 years) with TBI, using admission records of one of the tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan from 2015 to 2016. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising a general demographic questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire- 28. The effect of the predictors on the psychological distress was determined by applying multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: The …

Management Of Laryngotracheal Trauma: A Review Of Current Trends And Future Directions, Muhammad Wasif, Rahim Dhanani, Shayan Khalid, Mohammad Sohail Awan, Muhammad Hassan Danish, Huzaifa Moiz, Hamdan Ahmed Pasha

Section of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery

Laryngotracheal trauma is rare but can pose serious threats to one's life. Presenting symptoms vary according to the severity of injury. Immediate Airway control is first step in the management, intubation should be considered by a senior member of the trauma team if the injury is minor while tracheostomy should be reserved for more severe injuries. Evaluation by a fibre-optic laryngoscopy and CT scan should be done whenever possible. Reconstruction is done according to the site involved using suture, titanium miniplates and stents. Tissue engineering has added a new horizon in this management but up till now complete laryngotracheal regeneration …

Modern Ventilator Management In Surgical/Trauma Patients, Errington C. Thompson

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Physicians have a lot to consider when they place a patient on the ventilator. This article reviews the literature and provides the physician with a clear guide to managing the ventilator in the ICU. This manuscript is meant to be a practical guide to managing the ventilator at the patient's bedside.

A Case Of Blunt Trauma-Induced St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Sustained During A Prison Brawl., Zachary T Clark, Natalie Thiel, John Perry, Michael R Minckler

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious and time-sensitive condition. MIs are typically seen in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and are caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque due to factors contributing to plaque instability. However, this case illustrates that plaque rupture can also be caused by blunt trauma to the chest. Considering MI as a possible result of chest trauma may decrease time from presentation to diagnosis and treatment and, therefore, improve outcomes in similar cases, particularly when patients presents unusually or with very few risk factors for MI.

Rhoa-Rock Signaling As A Therapeutic Target In Traumatic Brain Injury, Shalaka Mulherkar, Kimberley F Tolias

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. TBIs, which range in severity from mild to severe, occur when a traumatic event, such as a fall, a traffic accident, or a blow, causes the brain to move rapidly within the skull, resulting in damage. Long-term consequences of TBI can include motor and cognitive deficits and emotional disturbances that result in a reduced quality of life and work productivity. Recovery from TBI can be challenging due to a lack of effective treatment options for repairing TBI-induced neural damage and alleviating functional impairments. Central nervous system (CNS) …

Resting-State Static And Dynamic Functional Abnormalities In Active Professional Fighters With Repetitive Head Trauma And With Neuropsychological Impairments., Xiaowei Zhuang, Virendra Mishra, Rajesh Nandy, Zhengshi Yang, Karthik Sreenivasan, Lauren Bennett, Charles Bernick, Dietmar Cordes

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Previous neuroimaging studies have identified structural brain abnormalities in active professional fighters with repetitive head trauma and correlated these changes with fighters' neuropsychological impairments. However, functional brain changes in these fighters derived using neuroimaging techniques remain unclear. In this study, both static and dynamic functional connectivity alterations were investigated (1) between healthy normal control subjects (NC) and fighters and (2) between non-impaired and impaired fighters. Resting-state fMRI data were collected on 35 NC and 133 active professional fighters, including 68 impaired fighters and 65 non-impaired fighters, from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study at our center. Impaired fighters performed worse …

Empathy In Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Study Of Early Medical Practitioners And Educators, Sonia Ijaz Haider, Qamar Riaz, Roger Christopher Gill

Department for Educational Development

Objective: To explore the reasons for decline in empathy among physicians and to identify strategiesfor fostering empathetic clinical practice.
Methods: The qualitative study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from February to June 2017, and comprised focus group discussions involving separate sessions with medical students, residents and clinical teachers. Content analysis was used to analyse the verbatim transcripts for identification of codes which led to derivation of themes from the data. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was used to assess the quality of the study.
Results: Of the 109 subjects, 57(52.3%) were medical students, 30(27.5%) residents …

Caring For Children In Child Welfare Systems: A Trauma-Informed Model Of Integrated Primary Care, Jill Mcleigh, Laura Lamminen, Heidi Roman

Integrated, Trauma-Informed Care

Children involved with the child welfare system have high rates of behavioral health concerns, chronic health conditions, and developmental disabilities. Further, as a result of the complicated relationships among the court system, child protective services, and caregivers (i.e., biological, kinship, and/or foster caregivers) and the high volume of health-, behavior-, and development-related services children in care need, the services they receive tend to be fragmented and problem driven. On top of these challenges, children involved with the child welfare system have been exposed to trauma, and often more than one form of trauma. Taken together, these factors point to the …

Longitudinal Change In Regional Brain Volumes With Exposure To Repetitive Head Impacts, Charles Bernick, Guogen Shan, Henrik Zetterberg, Sarah Banks, Virendra R. Mishra, Lynn Bekris, James B. Leverenz, Kaj Blennow

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Objective This study tests the hypothesis that certain MRI-based regional brain volumes will show reductions over time in a cohort exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI). Methods Participants were drawn from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study, a longitudinal observational study of professional fighters and controls. Participants underwent annual 3T brain MRI, computerized cognitive testing, and blood sampling for determination of neurofilament light (NfL) and tau levels. Yearly change in regional brain volume was calculated for several predetermined cortical and subcortical brain volumes and the relationship with NfL and tau levels determined. Results A total of 204 participants who had …

Processing Trauma In The Hebrew Bible, Carol A. Mcmullen

Consensus

From a contemporary perspective, many of the colourful characters in the Hebrew Bible may have experienced various levels of trauma which affected their thoughts, feelings and behaviours as recorded in the text. As part of a scholarly tradition of applying modern diagnostic terminology to historical personalities, this study connects various Biblical stories to an implicit theme of trauma that runs through much of the larger Jewish narrative. Such exploration provides a unique perspective in contrast to more traditional biblical interpretations that have largely ignored these specific aspects of trauma. Strategies of coping, healing, survival, and resilience can be further gained …

Outcomes In Patients With Gunshot Wounds To The Brain., Leigh Anna Robinson, Lauren M Turco, Bryce Robinson, Joshua G Corsa, Michael Mount, Amy V Hamrick, John Berne, Dalier R Mederos, Allison G Mcnickle, Paul J Chestovich, Jason Weinberger, Areg Grigorian, Jeffry Nahmias, Jane K Lee, Kevin L Chow, Erik J Olson, Jose L Pascual, Rachele Solomon, Danielle A Pigneri, Husayn A Ladhani, Joanne Fraifogl, Jeffrey Claridge, Terry Curry, Todd W Costantini, Manasnun Kongwibulwut, Haytham Kaafarani, Janika San Roman, Craig Schreiber, Anna Goldenberg-Sandau, Parker Hu, Patrick Bosarge, Rindi Uhlich, Nicole Lunardi, Farooq Usmani, Joseph Victor Sakran, Jessica M Babcock, Juan Carlos Quispe, Lawrence Lottenberg, Donna Cabral, Grace Chang, Jhoanna Gulmatico, Jonathan J Parks, Rishi Rattan, Jennifer Massetti, Onaona Gurney, Brandon Bruns, Alison A Smith, Chrissy Guidry, Matthew E Kutcher, Melissa S Logan, Michelle Y Kincaid, Chance Spalding, Matthew Noorbaksh, Frances H Philp, Benjamin Cragun, Robert D Winfield

Trauma and Acute Care Articles

INTRODUCTION: Gunshot wounds to the brain (GSWB) confer high lethality and uncertain recovery. It is unclear which patients benefit from aggressive resuscitation, and furthermore whether patients with GSWB undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have potential for survival or organ donation. Therefore, we sought to determine the rates of survival and organ donation, as well as identify factors associated with both outcomes in patients with GSWB undergoing CPR.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective, multicenter study at 25 US trauma centers including dates between June 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Patients were included if they suffered isolated GSWB and required CPR at …

Outcomes In Patients With Gunshot Wounds To The Brain, Leigh Anna Robinson, Lauren M. Turco, Bryce Robinson, Joshua G. Corsa, Michael Mount, Amy V. Hamrick, John Berne, Dalier R. Mederos, Allison G. Mcnickle, Paul J. Chestovich, Jason Weinberger, Areg Grigorian, Jeffry Nahmias, Jane K. Lee, Kevin L. Chow, Erik J. Olson, Jose L. Pascual, Rachele Solomon, Danielle A. Pigneri, Husayn A. Ladhani, Joanne Fraifogl, Terry Curry, Todd W. Costantini, Manasnun Kongwibulwut, Haytham Kaafarani, Janika San Roman, Craig Schreiber, Anna Goldenberg-Sandau, Parker Hu, Patrick Bosarge, Rindi Uhlich

School of Medicine Faculty Research

Introduction: Gunshot wounds to the brain (GSWB) confer high lethality and uncertain recovery. It is unclear which patients benefit from aggressive resuscitation, and furthermore whether patients with GSWB undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have potential for survival or organ donation. Therefore, we sought to determine the rates of survival and organ donation, as well as identify factors associated with both outcomes in patients with GSWB undergoing CPR. Methods: We performed a retrospective, multicenter study at 25 US trauma centers including dates between June 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. Patients were included if they suffered isolated GSWB and required CPR at …

Intraoperative Reboa: An Analysis Of The American Association For The Surgery Of Trauma Aorta Registry., Michael A Vella, Ryan Peter Dumas, Joseph Dubose, Jonathan Morrison, Thomas Scalea, Laura Moore, Jeanette Podbielski, Kenji Inaba, Alice Piccinini, David S Kauvar, Valorie L Baggenstoss, Chance Spalding, Charles Fox, Ernest E Moore, Jeremy W Cannon, Aast Aorta Study Group

Trauma and Acute Care Articles

BACKGROUND: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a less-invasive technique for aortic occlusion (AO). Commonly performed in the emergency department (ED), the role of intraoperative placement is less defined. We hypothesized that operating room (OR) placement is associated with increased in-hospital mortality.

METHODS: The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma AORTA registry was used to identify patients undergoing REBOA. Injury characteristics and outcomes data were compared between OR and ED groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included total AO time, transfusion requirements, and acute kidney injury.

RESULTS: Location and timing of catheter insertion …

Picture Perfect: Pediatric Ct Utilization In Trauma, Laura Strickland, Christa Zino Md

Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Surgical Stabilization Of Traumatic Flail Chest Is Superior To Conservative Management, Monique J. Cheng

Clinical Research in Practice: The Journal of Team Hippocrates

A critical appraisal and clinical application of Marasco SF, Davies AR, Cooper J, et al. Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of Operative Rib Fixation in Traumatic Flail Chest. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2013;216(5):924-932. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.12.024.

A Study Of Scars: Narratives Of Unintentional Childhood Injuries In Cato Manor, Carolyn Fox

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The purpose of this study is to identify the specific types of injuries children experience growing up in Cato Manor, specifically, KwaMasxha, to understand how community members process and make meaning of their injuries over time, and to analyze the social determinants of health in Cato Manor that have been conducive to these injuries.

In order to learn about experiences of unintentional childhood injuries in Cato Manor, data was collected using a qualitative, narrative-based approach. I conducted interviews with young adult community members aged 19 to 27 years, asking about their personal experiences with childhood injuries as someone who grew …

Implementation Of Trauma Service Guideline For The Use Of Phenobarbital In The Management Of The Non-Icu Trauma Patient At Risk Or Experiencing Severe Alcohol Withdrawal, Joseph Rappold, Julianne Ontengco, Stephen Tyzik, Suneela Nayak, Ruth Hanselman, Amy Sparks

Operations Transformation

The trauma service in a large academic tertiary medical center admits a large proportion of patients with the secondary diagnosis of alcohol use disorder. Given the successful use of phenobarbital in the critical care unit for withdrawal prophylaxis and treatment of acute withdrawal, a quality improvement project was established to create and implement guidelines for the non ICU patient.

A root cause analysis demonstrated several issues to include inconsistent clinical decision documentation. As a result, several countermeasures were initiated to address the various issues.

Post implementation of countermeasures, a decrease in the amount of severe alcohol withdrawal as well as …