Radiology Commons^™

Role Of Multidetector Computed Tomography (Mdct) In Patients With Ovarian Masses., Fatima Mubarak, Muhammad Shahbaz Alam, Waseem Akhtar, Saima Hafeez, Noureen Nizamuddin

Department of Radiology

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multidetector 64-slice computed tomography (MDCT) in the diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian masses using histopathology and surgical findings as the gold standard. Material And

Methods:

This study was conducted in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Data was reviewed retrospectively from 1 November 2008 to 12 December 2009. One hundred Patients found to have ovarian masses on CT scan were included in the study. CT scan was performed in all these Patients after administration of oral and IV contrast. Ovarian masses were classified as benign and malignant on scan findings. …

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (Tips); Review Of Initial Experience At Aga Khan University Hospital, Rana Shoaib Hamid, Tanveer-Ul-Haq, Muhammad Azeemuddin, Zafar Sajjad, Ishtiaq Chishti, Basit Salam

Department of Radiology

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively assess the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of transjugular intrahepafic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in patients with portal hypertension related complications.

METHODS: Over a period of 7.5 years 19 patients (10 males and 9 females, age range 25-69 years) were referred for TIPS at our radiology department. Thirteen patients suffered from liver cirrhosis while 6 had Budd Chiari syndrome. All patients were evaluated with colour doppler ultrasonography and cross sectional imaging. Shunt procedures were performed under sedation or general anaesthesia through internal jugular approach. Metallic self expandable uncovered stents were placed in 15 patients and covered stent in 1 …

Comparisons Of Three Analytical Techniques For Measuring Absolute And Relative Temperature Changes During Ultrasound Treatment, Michael G. Miller

Dissertations

Ultrasound is a thermal modality that utilizes acoustic energy to promote heating. While there are many factors that affect heating of body tissues, the effects of skinfold thickness and skin temperature upon ultrasound heating have not been studied extensively. In addition, while temperature typically follows a linear trend, past research typically uses ANOVA or regression analysis to examine this relationship; but these models examine the within-subject effects (time) and between effects (usually groups) at the group level, not the individual level. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to determine if skin temperature and skinfold thickness are predictors for intramuscular …

Goldston Syndrome, Zainab Hussain, Imrana Masroor, Qurrat-Ul-Ain Haider, Tariq Alam

Department of Radiology

Goldston syndrome is a rare entity describing the association of polycystic kidneys and Dandy Walker malformation with or without hepatic fibrosis. A 28 years old pregnant woman came to radiology department for the first antenatal scan. Ultrasound showed a single fetus corresponding to 27 week of gestation. The fetal brain revealed deficient vermis with a posterior fossa cyst communicating with the 4th ventricle suggestive of Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM). The kidneys were enlarged, and echogenic containing small cysts with associated amniotic fluid index of 5 cm suggestive of Oligohydramnios. A diagnosis of Goldston syndrome was suggested. These findings were confirmed on …

Loss Of Neuronal Integrity During Progressive Hiv-1 Infection Of Humanized Mice., Prasanta Dash, Santhi Gorantla, Howard Gendelman, Jaclyn Knibbe, George P. Casale, Edward Makarov, Adrian A. Epstein, Harris A. Gelbard, Michael D. Boska, Larisa Y. Poluektova

Journal Articles: Radiology

Neuronal damage induced by ongoing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated in humanized NOD/scid-IL-2Rγ(c)(null) mice transplanted at birth with human CD34-positive hematopoietic stem cells. Mice infected at 5 months of age and followed for up to 15 weeks maintained significant plasma viral loads and showed reduced numbers of CD4(+) T-cells. Prospective serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy tests showed selective reductions in cortical N-acetyl aspartate in infected animals. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed structural changes in cortical gray matter. Postmortem immunofluorescence brain tissue examinations for neuronal and glial markers, captured by multispectral imaging microscopy and quantified by morphometric and …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Clinical Examination In Cervical Spine Injuries In Awake And Alert Blunt Trauma Patients, Manzar Hussain, Gohar Javed

Section of Neurosurgery

Study design: Observational, case series.
Purpose: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of clinical judgment as compared to the use of X-ray images in detecting cervical spine injuries in trauma patients presenting in the emergency department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
Overview of literature: Cross-table cervical spine views are important in patients with signs and symptoms relating to cervical spine, but asymptomatic patients constitute a different subgroup. Accuracy of clinical examination in these patients has not been subjected to scrutiny.
Methods: All patients with blunt trauma who presented to the emergency department and underwent cross-table X-rays as part of …

Improving The Tracking And Removal Of Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters., Anthony D Goei, Shellie C Josephs, Thomas B Kinney, Charles E Ray, David Sacks

Reading Hospital Interventional Radiology

Therapeutic and prophylactic inferior vena cava (IVC) filters should be placed based on currently accepted indications to prevent a fatal pulmonary embolism (PE). The protective effect of filters is offset by the potential for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT), caval thrombosis, and possible otherwise unnecessary life-long anticoagulation (AC). The duration of treatment for most DVTs or PEs is 3 to 6 months of AC/filter. Filters should be retrieved when duration of treatment for a DVT/PE has been met, the risk of a PE is no longer high, and/or there is no longer a contraindication to AC. An effective system …

Diagnosis Of Coronary Stenosis With Ct Angiography Comparison Of Automated Computer Diagnosis With Expert Readings., Ethan J Halpern, David J Halpern

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare computer-generated interpretation of coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA) by commercially available COR Analyzer software with expert human interpretation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act‑compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Among 225 consecutive cCTA examinations, 207 were of adequate quality for automated evaluation. COR Analyzer interpretation was compared to human expert interpretation for detection of stenosis defined as ≥50% vessel diameter reduction in the left main, left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex (LCX), right coronary artery (RCA), or a branch vessel (diagonal, ramus, obtuse marginal, or posterior descending artery). …

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices (Kap) Regarding Sexuality, Sexual Behaviors And Contraceptives Among College/University Students In Karachi, Pakistan, Fozia Ajmal, Ajmal Agha, Nabila Zareen, Mehtab S Karim

Department of Radiology

OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexuality, high risk sexual behaviors and methods of contraception, among college/university students of Karachi, Pakistan.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Higher Education Commission-recognized government and private colleges/universities in Karachi from 2005-2006.

METHODOLOGY: Two colleges/universities were randomly selected from each category i.e. government medical, government non-medical and private medical and non-medical colleges/universities. Three stage cluster sampling was employed to draw a representative sample of students. A self administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding high risk sexual behaviors, methods of contraception …

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Mri Breast For Lesion Detection And Characterization With Histopathological Co Relation: Preliminary Experience At Tertiary Care Hospital, Gulnaz Shafqat, Ajmal Agha, Imrana Masror, Mahwash Rehan, Shaista Afzal

Department of Radiology

OBJECTIVE: To determine the morphological and enhancement characteristics significantly associated with malignant breast lesions on dynamic contrast enhanced MRI by considering the histopathological findings as a gold standard.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 70 patients who underwent MRI breast during the study period because of suspicious mammographic abnormalities. MR imaging was performed on 1.5 tesla machine with dynamic contrast enhancement by using dedicated breast coil. MR Images of breast were evaluated on a workstation and reported on the basis of morphological appearance of lesion and time activity curves. Histopathological analysis of the lesion was done either after mastectomy …

Presenting A Simplified Assistant Tool For Breast Cancer Diagnosis In Mammography To Radiologists, Ping Zhang, Jenny Doust, Kuldeep Kumar

Jenny Doust

This paper proposes a method to simplify a computational model from logistic regression for clinical use without computer. The model was built using human interpreted features including some BI-RADS standardized features for diagnosing the malignant masses. It was compared with the diagnosis using only assessment categorization from BI-RADS. The research aims at assisting radiologists to diagnose the malignancy of breast cancer in a way without using automated computer aided diagnosis system.

Phase I Study Of 'Dose-Dense' Pemetrexed Plus Carboplatin/Radiotherapy For Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma., Xinglei Shen, Albert Denittis, Maria Werner-Wasik, Rita Axelrod, Paul Gilman, Thomas Meyer, Joseph Treat, Walter J Curran, Mitchell Machtay

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: This phase I study investigates the feasibility of carboplatin plus dose-dense (q2-week) pemetrexed given concurrently with radiotherapy (XRT) for locally advanced and oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODS: Eligible patients had Stage III or IV (oligometastatic) NSCLC. Patients received XRT to 63 Gy in standard fractionation. Patients received concurrent carboplatin (AUC = 6) during weeks 1 and 5 of XRT, and pemetrexed during weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 of XRT. The starting dose level (level 1) of pemetrexed was 300 mg/m2. Following the finding of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) in dose level 1, an amended dose level …

Chemotherapy-Induced Cognitive Impairment Is Associated With Decreases In Cell Proliferation And Histone Modifications, Teresita L. Briones, Julie Woods

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

In this study, we examined the effects of cyclophosphamide, methothrexate, and 5-Fluorouracil (CMF) drug combination on various aspects of learning and memory. We also examined the effects of CMF on cell proliferation and chromatin remodeling as possible underlying mechanisms to explain chemotherapy-associated cognitive dysfunction. Twenty-four adult female Wistar rats were included in the study and had minimitter implantation for continuous activity monitoring two weeks before the chemotherapy regimen was started. Once baseline activity data were collected, rats were randomly assigned to receive either CMF or saline injections given intraperitoneally. Treatments were given once a week for a total …

Combination Of Dasatinib And Curcumin Eliminates Chemo-Resistant Colon Cancer Cells, Jyoti Nautiyal, Shailender S. Kanwar, Yingjie Yu, Adhip Pn Majumdar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Metastatic colorectal cancer remains a serious health concern with poor patient survival. Although 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) or 5-FU plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) is the standard therapy for colorectal cancer, it has met with limited success. Recurrence of the tumor after chemotherapy could partly be explained by the enrichment of the chemo-resistant sub-population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possess the ability for self-renewal and differentiation into different lineages in the tumor. Therefore development of therapeutic strategies that target CSCs for successful treatment of this malignancy is warranted. The current investigation was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of the combination therapy of …

International Conference On Advances In Radiation Oncology (Icaro): Outcomes Of An Iaea Meeting, Eeva K. Salminen, Krystyna Kiel, Geoffrey S. Ibbott, Michael C. Joiner, Eduardo Rosenblatt, Eduardo Zubizarreta, Jan Wondergem, Ahmed Meghzifene

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

The IAEA held the International Conference on Advances in Radiation Oncology (ICARO) in Vienna on 27-29 April 2009. The Conference dealt with the issues and requirements posed by the transition from conventional radiotherapy to advanced modern technologies, including staffing, training, treatment planning and delivery, quality assurance (QA) and the optimal use of available resources. The current role of advanced technologies (defined as 3-dimensional and/or image guided treatment with photons or particles) in current clinical practice and future scenarios were discussed.

ICARO was organized by the IAEA at the request of the Member States and co-sponsored and supported by other …

Assessing Doppler-Derived Pressure Gradients And Liver Echogenicity To Predict Liver Disease, Joy D. Guthrie

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Liver disease causes an estimated 36,000 deaths in the United States each year. Currently, to detect liver disease, an invasive biopsy is required. Other, less invasive diagnostic alternatives are needed. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a modified form of sonographic screening, including portal, hepatic, and splenic venous pressure, hepatic venous waveform analysis, portal vein diameter, and echogenicity of liver parenchyma in predicting liver disease. The study was based on conversion of a velocity measurement to a pressure gradient, allowing a fluid comparison between known catheterization venous pressures and sonographic Doppler-derived pressure gradients. This study …

Labrad : Vol 36, Issue 1 - January 2011, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD

• Routine and Special Liver Function Tests
• Management of Coagulopathy Associated with Liver Disease
• Significance of Clinical and Laboratory Scoring System in Diagnosis of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Chronic Liver Disease
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Hydatid Disease
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Amoebiasis
• Improvement of Bacteriological Yield of Liver Abscess by use of Anaerobic Chambers
• Radiofrequency Ablation of Liver Tumours
• HER2 in Breast Cancer: Frequently Asked Questions
• Clinical Laboratory Continuing Medical Education (CME) Seminar
• World Blood Donor Day at Aga Khan University Blood Bank

Diagnosis Of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis On Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Case Report And Review Of The Cytology Literature, Neeta Kumar, Shahin Sayed, Sudhir Vinayak

Pathology, East Africa

A case of multifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a two-year-old child is presented where fine needle aspiration was helpful in achieving a rapid and accurate diagnosis in an appropriate clinical and radiological setting. This can avoid unnecessary biopsy and guide the management especially where access to histopathology is limited. The highly characteristic common and rare cytological features are highlighted with focus on differential diagnoses and causes of pitfalls.

Accuracy Of Computed Tomography In Diagnosing Malignancy In Solitary Pulmonary Lesions, Imaad-Ur-Rehman, Wasim Memon, Yousuf Husen, Waseem Akhtar, Raafay Sophie, Muhammad Akbar Baig

Department of Radiology

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate accuracy of Computed Tomography (CT) for diagnosing malignancy in solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs).

METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from 20-01-2007 to 30-06-2008 at the Radiology department, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi. Fifty-three patients with solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs) seen in prior chest x-rays or chest CT scans were referred to radiology department for CT guided biopsy. CT scan was performed for each patient prior to biopsy and CT evaluation of the SPLs was performed followed by CT guided Biopsy. Histopathological diagnosis of the lesion was taken as the gold standard.

RESULTS: CT was found …

Concomitant Gastric And Lung Uptake Of Tc-99m Mdp On Bone Scan In A Patient With Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin’S Lymphoma, Maseeh Uz Zaman, Riffat Hussain Riffat Hussain, Zafar Sajjad, Mansoor Naqvi Mansoor Naqvi, Khalil Khan, Gufran Khan, Zohra I Pirani

Department of Radiology

Extra osseous uptake of Tc-99m Methylene Di Phosphonate (MDP) is not an uncommon finding on skeletal scintigraphy. However, concomitant lung and gastric uptake is a rare presentation. We presented a case report of a young male whose bone scan revealed lung and stomach uptake with a cold lesion over T7 vertebra. CT guided biopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Lung and gastric uptake of Tc-99m MDP on bone scan guides the reporting physician about the soft tissue calcinosis due to hypercalcemia associated with either malignant or non-malignant conditions.