Radiation Medicine Commons^™

Loco-Regional Irradiation In Patients With Biopsy-Proven Axillary Node Involvement At Presentation Who Become Pathologically Node-Negative After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Primary Outcomes Of Nrg Oncology/Nsabp B-51/Rtog 1304, E Mamounas, H Bandos, J White, T Julian, A Khan, S Shaitelman, M Torres, Frank Vicini, P Ganz, Andrew Muskovitz

Conference Presentation Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Commentary: The Power Of A Patch: Utilizing Exosome Therapy To Treat Heart Disease, Michael Tyler Guinn, Todd K Rosengart

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Editor's Choice - Trends In Management And Outcomes Of Type B Aortic Dissection: A Report From The International Registry Of Aortic Dissection, Santi Trimarchi, Tom G Gleason, Derek R Brinster, Jean Bismuth, Eduardo Bossone, Thoralf M Sundt, Daniel G Montgomery, Chih-Wen Pai, Daniele Bissacco, Hector W L De Beaufort, Joseph E Bavaria, Firas Mussa, Raffi Bekeredjian, Marc Schermerhorn, Davide Pacini, Truls Myrmel, Maral Ouzounian, Amit Korach, Edward P Chen, Joseph S Coselli, Kim A Eagle, Himanshu J Patel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: To describe the trends in management and outcomes of patients with acute type B aortic dissection in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection.

Methods: From 1996 - 2022, 3 908 patients were divided into similar sized quartiles (T1, T2, T3, and T4). In hospital outcomes were analysed for each quartile. Survival rates following admission were compared using Kaplan-Meier analyses with Mantel-Cox Log rank tests.

Results: Endovascular treatment increased from 19.1% in T1 to 37.2% in T4 (ptrend < .001). Correspondingly, medical therapy decreased from 65.7% in T1 to 54.0% in T4 (ptrend < .001), and open surgery from 14.8% in T1 to 7.0% in T4 (ptrend < .001). In hospital mortality decreased in the overall cohort from 10.7% in T1 to 6.1% in T4 (ptrend < .001), as well as in medically, endovascularly and surgically treated patients (ptrend = .017, .033, and .011, respectively). Overall post-admission survival at three years increased (T1: 74.8% vs. T4: 77.3%; p = .006).

Conclusion: Considerable changes in the management of acute type B aortic dissection were observed over time, with a significant increase in …

The Intersection Of Community Socioeconomic Factors With Gender On Outcomes After Thoracic Aortic Surgery, Ourania Preventza, Elizabeth Akpan-Smart, Katherine K Simpson, Lorraine D Cornwell, Hiruni Amarasekara, Susan Y Green, Subhasis Chatterjee, Scott A Lemaire, Joseph S Coselli

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: We evaluated the relationship among community socioeconomic factors (poverty, income, and education), gender, and outcomes in patients who underwent ascending aortic, root, and arch surgery.

Methods: For 2634 consecutive patients, we associated patients' ZIP codes with community socioeconomic factors. The composite adverse outcome comprised death, persistent neurological injury, and renal failure necessitating dialysis at discharge. Multivariable analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used. Men and women from the full cohort and from the elective patients were propensity matched.

Results: Median follow-up was 3.6 years (interquartile range, 1.2-9.3). Men lived in areas characterized by less poverty (P = .03), higher …

Nrg-Br008: A Phase Iii Randomized Trial Of Radiotherapy Optimization For Low-Risk Her2-Positive Breast Cancer (Hero), L Braunstein, M Mitchell, H Bandos, W Sikov, A Khan, Peter Chen, P Ganz, R Jagsi, J White, R Cecchini

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background: Breast radiotherapy (RT) is the standard of care for patients with early-stage breast cancer (BC) who undergo breast-conserving surgery (BCS). However, the magnitude of benefit of RT is less clear in BCS patients with low-risk disease who receive effective systemic therapy. Among patients with early-stage HER2-positive (HER2+) BC, 10-year locoregional recurrence has been reported as low as 1.5% following BCS, adjuvant chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy, and RT. Given these exceedingly favorable outcomes, with the addition of HER2-directed therapy, we seek to evaluate the feasibility of omitting RT among patients with early-stage HER2+ BC following BCS and appropriate systemic therapy. …

Development Of A Remote Dosimetric Audit Framework For Carbon Therapy, Paige Taylor

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Carbon ion therapy is available at over a dozen institutions around the world and is being employed for treatment of cancer. The increased biological effect of carbon compared to conventional photon-based radiotherapy holds promise for the therapeutic benefit in historically radioresistant tumors. While ion chamber dosimetry has been used for day-to-day clinical measurements of absorbed dose, there are few options for remote dosimetry. The availability of such tools would support the development of a robust remote audit program for carbon ion therapy.

The Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) conducts remote audits of photon and proton therapy. These audits are …

Evaluation Of A Balloon Implant For Simultaneous Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia And High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Of Brain Tumor Resection Cavities, Shuying Wan, Dario Rodrigues, Janet Kwiatkowski, Omaditya Khanna, Kevin Judy, Robert Goldstein, Marty Overbeek Bloem, Yan Yu, Sophia Rooks, Wenyin Shi, Mark Hurwitz, Paul Stauffer

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Previous work has reported the design of a novel thermobrachytherapy (TBT) balloon implant to deliver magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) hyperthermia and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy simultaneously after brain tumor resection, thereby maximizing their synergistic effect. This paper presents an evaluation of the robustness of the balloon device, compatibility of its heat and radiation delivery components, as well as thermal and radiation dosimetry of the TBT balloon. TBT balloon devices with 1 and 3 cm diameter were evaluated when placed in an external magnetic field with a maximal strength of 8.1 kA/m at 133 kHz. The MNP solution (nanofluid) in the balloon absorbs …

Case Report: Durable Response Of Gliomatosis Cerebri With Concurrent Tumor-Treating Fields (Ttfields) And Chemoradiotherapy Treatment, Alex M. Desjarlais, Ryan C. Miller, Ayesha S. Ali, Muneeb Z. Niazi, Louis Cappelli, Jon Glass, Christopher J. Farrell, Wenyin Shi

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Background: Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare and aggressive form of widely disseminated glioma infiltrating at least 3 lobes of the brain. It is a diffuse pattern of growth seen in glioma rather than a distinct pathological diagnosis based on new Word Health Organization (WHO) classification. Despite this, it is associated with worse prognosis than equally graded gliomas. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) treatment is a more recent advancement in glioma treatment delivered through low energy, intermediate frequency (200 kHz) electromagnetic fields, with multi-modal mechanisms of action. It is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma …

Improving Radiotherapy In Immunosuppressive Microenvironments By Targeting Complement Receptor C5ar1, Callum Beach, David Maclean, Dominika Majorova, Stavros Melemenidis, Dhanya K Nambiar, Ryan K Kim, Gabriel N Valbuena, Silvia Guglietta, Carsten Krieg, Mahnaz Darvish-Damavandi, Tatsuya Suwa, Alistair Easton, Lily Vs Hillson, Ashley K Mcculloch, Ross K Mcmahon, Kathryn Pennel, Joanne Edwards, Sean M O'Cathail, Campbell S Roxburgh, Enric Domingo, Eui Jung Moon, Dadi Jiang, Yanyan Jiang, Qingyang Zhang, Albert C Koong, Trent M Woodruff, Edward E Graves, Tim Maughan, Simon Ja Buczacki, Manuel Stucki, Quynh-Thu Le, Simon J Leedham, Amato J Giaccia, Monica M Olcina

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

An immunosuppressive microenvironment causes poor tumor T cell infiltration and is associated with reduced patient overall survival in colorectal cancer. How to improve treatment responses in these tumors is still a challenge. Using an integrated screening approach to identify cancer-specific vulnerabilities, we identified complement receptor C5aR1 as a druggable target, which when inhibited improved radiotherapy, even in tumors displaying immunosuppressive features and poor CD8+ T cell infiltration. While C5aR1 is well-known for its role in the immune compartment, we found that C5aR1 is also robustly expressed on malignant epithelial cells, highlighting potential tumor cell-specific functions. C5aR1 targeting resulted in increased …

Clinical And Dosimetric Impact Of 2d Kv Motion Monitoring And Intervention In Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy., Andrew Santoso, Yevgeniy Vinogradskiy, Tyler Robin, Karyn Goodman, Tracey Schefter, Moyed Miften, Bernard Jones

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Positional errors resulting from motion are a principal challenge across all disease sites in radiation therapy. This is particularly pertinent when treating lesions in the liver with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). To achieve dose escalation and margin reduction for liver SBRT, kV real-time imaging interventions may serve as a potential solution. In this study, we report results of a retrospective cohort of liver patients treated using real-time 2D kV-image guidance SBRT with emphasis on the impact of (1) clinical workflow, (2) treatment accuracy, and (3) tumor dose.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 33 patients treated with 41 courses …

Preoperative 18f-Fdg Pet/Ct And Ct Radiomics For Identifying Aggressive Histopathological Subtypes In Early Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma, Wookjin Choi, Chia-Ju Liu, Sadegh Riyahi Alam, Jung Hun Oh, Raj Vaghjiani, John Humm, Wolfgang Weber, Prasad Adusumilli, Joseph Deasy, Wei Lu

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common non-small cell lung cancer. Surgical resection is the primary treatment for early-stage lung ADC while lung-sparing surgery is an alternative for non-aggressive cases. Identifying histopathologic subtypes before surgery helps determine the optimal surgical approach. Predominantly solid or micropapillary (MIP) subtypes are aggressive and associated with a higher likelihood of recurrence and metastasis and lower survival rates. This study aims to non-invasively identify these aggressive subtypes using preoperative ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and diagnostic CT radiomics analysis. We retrospectively studied 119 patients with stage I lung ADC and tumors ≤ 2 cm, where 23 had …

Commentary: A Different Animal But The Same Beast, Vicente Orozco-Sevilla, Joseph S Coselli

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Comprehensive Evaluation And New Recommendations In The Use Of Gafchromic Ebt3 Film, Kevin Liu, Patrik Gonçalves Jorge, Ramesh Tailor, Raphaël Moeckli, Emil Schüler

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Gafchromic film's unique properties of tissue-equivalence, dose-rate independence, and high spatial resolution make it an attractive choice for many dosimetric applications. However, complicated calibration processes and film handling limits its routine use.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the performance of Gafchromic EBT3 film after irradiation under a variety of measurement conditions to identify aspects of film handling and analysis for simplified but robust film dosimetry.

METHODS: The short- (from 5 min to 100 h) and long-term (months) film response was evaluated for clinically relevant doses of up to 50 Gy for accuracy in dose determination and relative dose distributions. The dependence …

Operational Ontology For Oncology (O3): A Professional Society-Based, Multistakeholder, Consensus-Driven Informatics Standard Supporting Clinical And Research Use Of Real-World Data From Patients Treated For Cancer, Charles S Mayo, Mary U Feng, Kristy K Brock, Randi Kudner, Peter Balter, Jeffrey C Buchsbaum, Amanda Caissie, Elizabeth Covington, Emily C Daugherty, Andre L Dekker, Clifton D Fuller, Anneka L Hallstrom, David S Hong, Julian C Hong, Sophia C Kamran, Eva Katsoulakis, John Kildea, Andra V Krauze, Jon J Kruse, Tod Mcnutt, Michelle Mierzwa, Amy Moreno, Jatinder R Palta, Richard Popple, Thomas G Purdie, Susan Richardson, Gregory C Sharp, Shiraishi Satomi, Lawrence R Tarbox, Aradhana M Venkatesan, Alon Witztum, Kelly E Woods, Yuan Yao, Keyvan Farahani, Sanjay Aneja, Peter E Gabriel, Lubomire Hadjiiski, Dan Ruan, Jeffrey H Siewerdsen, Steven Bratt, Michelle Casagni, Su Chen, John C Christodouleas, Anthony Didonato, James Hayman, Rishhab Kapoor, Saul Kravitz, Sharon Sebastian, Martin Von Siebenthal, Walter Bosch, Coen Hurkmans, Sue S Yom, Ying Xiao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

PURPOSE: The ongoing lack of data standardization severely undermines the potential for automated learning from the vast amount of information routinely archived in electronic health records (EHRs), radiation oncology information systems, treatment planning systems, and other cancer care and outcomes databases. We sought to create a standardized ontology for clinical data, social determinants of health, and other radiation oncology concepts and interrelationships.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: The American Association of Physicists in Medicine's Big Data Science Committee was initiated in July 2019 to explore common ground from the stakeholders' collective experience of issues that typically compromise the formation of large inter- …

Primary Tumor Site For Localized Merkel Cell Carcinoma Drives Different Management Strategies Without Impacting Oncologic Outcomes, Samuel Cass, Brandon Cope, Andrew J Bishop, Yi-Ju Chiang, B Ashleigh Guadagnolo, Ahsan Farooqi, William Morrison, Russell G Witt, Riyad N H Seervai, Adam S Garden, Clifton D Fuller, Ryan P Goepfert, Merrick Ross, Jeffrey E Gershenwald, Michael Wong, Phyu P Aung, Emily Z Keung, Devarati Mitra

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinically localized Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has been associated with high rates of disease relapse. This study examines how primary tumor anatomic site drives patterns of care and outcomes in a large cohort treated in the contemporary era.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patterns of care and associated outcomes were evaluated for clinically Stage I-II MCC patients treated at our institution with adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) to the primary site and/or regional nodal basin as a component of their curative intent therapy between 2014-2021.

RESULTS: Of 80 patients who met inclusion criteria, the primary tumor anatomic site was head …

Systematic Review Of Genetic Polymorphisms Associated With Acute Pain Induced By Radiotherapy For Head And Neck Cancers, Vivian Salama, Yimin Geng, Jillian Rigert, Clifton D Fuller, Sanjay Shete, Amy C Moreno

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Pain is the most common acute symptom following radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). The multifactorial origin of RT-induced pain makes it highly challenging to manage. Multiple studies were conducted to identify genetic variants associated with cancer pain, however few of them focused on RT-induced acute pain. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms of acute pain after RT in HNC and identify genetic variants associated with RT-induced acute pain and relevant acute toxicities.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of Ovid Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using terms including "Variants", "Polymorphisms", "Radiotherapy", "Acute pain", …

Gastric Cancer; Actualities And Perspectives Of Early Diagnosis And Targeted Therapy, Adrian Silaghi, Laura Florentina Rebegea, Daniela Gabriela Balan, Anca Dumitriu, Stana Paunica, Cristian Balalau, Stefăniță Tenea Cojan, Dragos Epistatu, Vlad Denis Constantin

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Gastric cancer is an extremely aggressive form of malignancy that, if left untreated, is life-threatening. Improved survival rates depend on early detection of the disease, as well as on the combination of different forms of treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, etc.). Screening methods have brought real benefit in early detection of malignancies, but many cases are still diagnosed at advanced stages. The current study is a review related to actualities and perspectives of early diagnosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer. After an extensive review of the literature, epidemiological, diagnostic and treatment data are presented. The open surgical approach is …

Research Progress On The Regulation And Mechanism Of Borneol On The Blood-Brain Barrier In Pathological States: A Narrative Review Focused On Ischemic Stroke And Cerebral Glioma, Xinghua Tan, Ke Zhang, Wenyin Shi, Zhihu Tang

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Background and Objective: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a dynamic, selective shield, safeguarding the central nervous system (CNS) by separating the brain from circulating blood, preserving its microenvironment, and ensuring stability. However, in the presence of brain pathology, drug delivery across the BBB and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) becomes challenging, hindering effective treatments. Borneol exhibits promise in bidirectionally modulating the BBB under pathological conditions, suggesting at potential clinical applications for related diseases. Our primary goal in this review is to investigate borneol’s potential clinical utility in bidirectionally regulating the BBB under pathological conditions.

Methods: The PubMed database, CNKI (China National …

Widefield Imaging Of Rapid Pan-Cortical Voltage Dynamics With An Indicator Evolved For One-Photon Microscopy, Xiaoyu Lu, Yunmiao Wang, Zhuohe Liu, Yueyang Gou, Dieter Jaeger, François St-Pierre

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Widefield imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) is a promising approach for understanding the role of large cortical networks in the neural coding of behavior. However, the limited performance of current GEVIs restricts their deployment for single-trial imaging of rapid neuronal voltage dynamics. Here, we developed a high-throughput platform to screen for GEVIs that combine fast kinetics with high brightness, sensitivity, and photostability under widefield one-photon illumination. Rounds of directed evolution produced JEDI-1P, a green-emitting fluorescent indicator with enhanced performance across all metrics. Next, we optimized a neonatal intracerebroventricular delivery method to achieve cost-effective and wide-spread JEDI-1P expression in …

A Proof-Of-Concept Pilot Test Of A Behavioral Intervention To Improve Adherence To Dietary Recommendations For Cancer Prevention, Meghan Butryn, Charlotte Hagerman, Nicole Crane, Marny Ehmann, Evan Forman, Brandy-Joe Milliron, Nicole L. Simone

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVES: Prevention programs that can help adults improve the quality of their diets to reduce cancer risk are needed. This Phase IIa study prospectively tested a mHealth intervention designed to improve adherence to dietary quality guidelines for cancer prevention.

METHODS: All participants (N = 62) received nutrition education and a self-regulation skills curriculum, with a primary target of changing grocery shopping behavior. Using a randomized, factorial design, the study varied whether each of the following 4 components were added to the 20-week intervention: (1) location-triggered app messaging, delivered when individuals arrived at grocery stores, (2) reflections on benefits of change, …