Effects Of Antipsychotics, Antidepressants And Mood Stabilizers On Risk For Physical Diseases In People With Schizophrenia, Depression And Bipolar Disorder,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Effects Of Antipsychotics, Antidepressants And Mood Stabilizers On Risk For Physical Diseases In People With Schizophrenia, Depression And Bipolar Disorder, C. U. Correll, J. Detraux, J. De Lepeleire, M. De Hert
Journal Articles
People with severe mental illness have a considerably shorter lifespan than the general population. This excess mortality is mainly due to physical illness. Next to mental illness-related factors, unhealthy lifestyle, and disparities in health care access and utilization, psychotropic medications can contribute to the risk of physical morbidity and mortality. We systematically reviewed the effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on physical health outcomes in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. Updating and expanding our prior systematic review published in this journal, we searched MEDLINE (November 2009 - November 2014), combining the MeSH terms of major physical disease …
Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Applied To Neuropsychiatry Practice,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Young-Onset Dementia Epidemiology Applied To Neuropsychiatry Practice, B. Devineni, C. U. Onyike
Journal Articles
A substantial number of adults suffer young-onset dementia (YOD). The diversity of types and syndromes makes recognition and diagnosis difficult. An algorithmic approach to interpreting clinical data, informed by clinical epidemiology, integrates data pertaining to defining syndromes. Syndrome chronology and tempo, family history, and other neuropsychiatric features and neurologic signs, are used to reach a preliminary diagnosis and direct diagnostic tests and their interpretation. Screening for YOD in the psychiatric context is a rational process in which vigilance is combined with careful searches for red flags that signal a neurodegenerative etiology.
Six-Month Outcomes From A Randomized Trial Augmenting Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors With Exposure And Response Prevention Or Risperidone In Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Six-Month Outcomes From A Randomized Trial Augmenting Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors With Exposure And Response Prevention Or Risperidone In Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, E. B. Foa, H. B. Simpson, D. Rosenfield, M. R. Liebowitz, S. P. Cahill, J. D. Huppert, J., Jr. Bender, C. P. Mclean, M. J. Maher, R. Campeas, C. G. Hahn, P. Imms, A. Pinto, M. B. Powers, C. I. Rodriguez, P. E. Van Meter, D. Vermes, M. T. Williams
Journal Articles
OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes after 6-month maintenance treatment of adults diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on DSM-IV criteria who responded to acute treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) augmented by exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) or risperidone. METHOD: A randomized trial was conducted at 2 academic sites from January 2007 through December 2012. In the acute phase, 100 patients on therapeutic SRI dose with at least moderate OCD severity were randomized to 8 weeks of EX/RP, risperidone, or pill placebo. Responders entered the 6-month maintenance phase, continuing the augmentation strategy they received acutely (n = 30 EX/RP, n = …
Predictors Of Suicide Attempts In 3.322 Patients With Affective Disorders And Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Predictors Of Suicide Attempts In 3.322 Patients With Affective Disorders And Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, J. A. Gallego, V. Rachamallu, E. Y. Yuen, S. Fink, L. M. Duque, J. M. Kane
Journal Articles
This study explores risk factors for suicide attempts using the electronic health records of 3322 patients with either schizophrenia spectrum disorders or affective disorders who underwent a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation at the Emergency Department at the Long Island Jewish Medical Center or the Hillside Evaluation Center at The Zucker Hillside Hospital from August 3rd 2011 to July 5th 2012. Multivariate regression analyses showed, after adjusting for sex, that previous suicidal attempts and financial or relationship losses were significantly associated with a current suicidal attempt. Additionally, higher odds of having a suicidal attempt were also found in those subjects with a …
Memory Systems In Schizophrenia: Modularity Is Preserved But Deficits Are Generalized,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Memory Systems In Schizophrenia: Modularity Is Preserved But Deficits Are Generalized, K. M. Haut, K. H. Karlsgodt, R. M. Bilder, E. Congdon, N. B. Freimer, E. D. London, F. W. Sabb, J. Ventura, T. D. Cannon
Journal Articles
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia patients exhibit impaired working and episodic memory, but this may represent generalized impairment across memory modalities or performance deficits restricted to particular memory systems in subgroups of patients. Furthermore, it is unclear whether deficits are unique from those associated with other disorders. METHOD: Healthy controls (n=1101) and patients with schizophrenia (n=58), bipolar disorder (n=49) and attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder (n=46) performed 18 tasks addressing primarily verbal and spatial episodic and working memory. Effect sizes for group contrasts were compared across tasks and the consistency of subjects' distributional positions across memory domains was measured. RESULTS: Schizophrenia patients performed poorly relative to the …
Genome-Wide Autozygosity Is Associated With Lower General Cognitive Ability,
2015
Northwell Health
Genome-Wide Autozygosity Is Associated With Lower General Cognitive Ability, D. P. Howrigan, M. A. Simonson, G. Davies, S. E. Harris, A. Tenesa, J. M. Starr, D. C. Liewald, D. I. Boomsma, P. Derosse, M. C. Keller, +37 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Inbreeding depression refers to lower fitness among offspring of genetic relatives. This reduced fitness is caused by the inheritance of two identical chromosomal segments (autozygosity) across the genome, which may expose the effects of (partially) recessive deleterious mutations. Even among outbred populations, autozygosity can occur to varying degrees due to cryptic relatedness between parents. Using dense genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we examined the degree to which autozygosity associated with measured cognitive ability in an unselected sample of 4854 participants of European ancestry. We used runs of homozygosity-multiple homozygous SNPs in a row-to estimate autozygous tracts across the genome. We …
New Data And An Old Puzzle: The Negative Association Between Schizophrenia And Rheumatoid Arthritis,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
New Data And An Old Puzzle: The Negative Association Between Schizophrenia And Rheumatoid Arthritis, S. H. Lee, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, H. Medeiros, V. Milanova, J. Shi, P. Sklar, P. K. Gregersen, M. Van Laar, P. Van Riel, +134 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
BACKGROUND: A long-standing epidemiological puzzle is the reduced rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in those with schizophrenia (SZ) and vice versa. Traditional epidemiological approaches to determine if this negative association is underpinned by genetic factors would test for reduced rates of one disorder in relatives of the other, but sufficiently powered data sets are difficult to achieve. The genomics era presents an alternative paradigm for investigating the genetic relationship between two uncommon disorders. METHODS: We use genome-wide common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from independently collected SZ and RA case-control cohorts to estimate the SNP correlation between the disorders. We …
Targeting The Schizophrenia Genome: A Fast Track Strategy From Gwas To Clinic,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Targeting The Schizophrenia Genome: A Fast Track Strategy From Gwas To Clinic, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra
Journal Articles
The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Schizophrenia Workgroup (PGC-SCZ) has recently published a genomewide association study (GWAS) identifying > 100 genetic loci, encompassing a total of 341 protein-coding genes, attaining genomewide significance for susceptibility to schizophrenia. Given the extremely long time (12-15 years) and expense (>$1 billion) associated with the development of novel drug targets, repurposing of drugs with known and validated targets may be the most expeditious path toward deriving clinical utility from these GWAS findings. In the present study, we examined all genes within loci implicated by the PGC-SCZ GWAS against databases of targets of both approved and registered pharmaceutical compounds. …
Prognostic Role And Implications Of Mutation Status Of Tumor Suppressor Gene Arid1a In Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Prognostic Role And Implications Of Mutation Status Of Tumor Suppressor Gene Arid1a In Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, C. Luchini, N. Veronese, M. Solmi, H. Cho, J. H. Kim, S. Kyo, S. Y. Lee, D. W. Kim, G. M. Yousef, C. U. Correll, +22 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Loss of the tumor suppressor gene AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A) has been demonstrated in several cancers, but its prognostic role is unknown. We aimed to investigate the risk associated with loss of ARID1A (ARID1A-) for all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality and recurrence of disease in subjects with cancer. PubMed and SCOPUS search from database inception until 01/31/2015 without language restriction was conducted, contacting authors for unpublished data. Eligible were prospective studies reporting data on prognostic parameters in subjects with cancer, comparing participants with presence of ARID1A (ARID1A+) vs. ARID1A-, assessed either via immunohistochemistry (loss of expression) or with genetic …
Neural Substrates Of Inhibitory Control Deficits In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Neural Substrates Of Inhibitory Control Deficits In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, C. A. Montojo, M. Jalbrzikowski, E. Congdon, S. Domicoli, C. Chow, C. Dawson, K. H. Karlsgodt, R. M. Bilder, C. E. Bearden
Journal Articles
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with elevated levels of impulsivity, inattention, and distractibility, which may be related to underlying neurobiological dysfunction due to haploin-sufficiency for genes involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission (i. e. catechol-O-methyltransferase). The Stop-signal task has been employed to probe the neural circuitry involved in response inhibition (RI); findings in healthy individuals indicate that a fronto-basal ganglia network underlies successful inhibition of a prepotent motor response. However, little is known about the neurobiological substrates of RI difficulties in 22q11DS. Here, we investigated this using functional magnetic resonance imaging while 45 adult participants (15 22q11DS patients, 30 matched controls) …
The Navigate Program For First-Episode Psychosis: Rationale, Overview, And Description Of Psychosocial Components,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
The Navigate Program For First-Episode Psychosis: Rationale, Overview, And Description Of Psychosocial Components, K. T. Mueser, D. L. Penn, P. Meyer-Kalos, S. R. Mcgurk, C. Cather, S. Saade, D. G. Robinson, N. R. Schooler, R. A. Rosenheck, J. M. Kane, +6 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Comprehensive coordinated specialty care programs for first-episode psychosis have been widely implemented in other countries but not in the United States. The National Institute of Mental Health's Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) initiative focused on the development and evaluation of first-episode treatment programs designed for the U.S. health care system. This article describes the background, rationale, and nature of the intervention developed by the RAISE Early Treatment Program project-known as the NAVIGATE program-with a particular focus on its psychosocial components. NAVIGATE is a team-based, multicomponent treatment program designed to be implemented in routine mental health treatment settings and …
Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study Analyses Implicate Neuronal, Immune And Histone Pathways,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study Analyses Implicate Neuronal, Immune And Histone Pathways, C. O'Dushlaine, C. Betancur, S. Herms, R. Krasucki, M. Leboyer, D. H. Ledbetter, T. Lencz, A. K. Malhotra, J. W. Smoller, P. A. Holmans, +365 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have identified multiple genetic associations with such disorders, but better methods are needed to derive the underlying biological mechanisms that these signals indicate. We sought to identify biological pathways in GWAS data from over 60,000 participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We developed an analysis framework to rank pathways that requires only summary statistics. We combined this score across disorders to find common pathways across three adult psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Histone methylation processes showed the strongest association, and we also found statistically significant evidence for associations with multiple …
Severity Of Thought Disorder Predicts Psychosis In Persons At Clinical High-Risk,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Severity Of Thought Disorder Predicts Psychosis In Persons At Clinical High-Risk, D. O. Perkins, C. D. Jeffries, B. A. Cornblatt, S. W. Woods, J. Addington, D. H. Mathalon, L. J. Seidman, M. T. Tsuang, E. F. Walker, T. H. Mcglashan, +4 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
BACKGROUND: Improving predictive accuracy is of paramount importance for early detection and prevention of psychosis. We sought a symptom severity classifier that would improve psychosis risk prediction. METHODS: Subjects were from two cohorts of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study. All subjects met Criteria of Psychosis-Risk States. In Cohort-1 (n=296) we developed a classifier that included those items of the Scale of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms that best distinguished subjects who converted to psychosis from nonconverters, with performance initially validated by randomization tests in Cohort-1. Cohort-2 (n=592) served as an independent test set. RESULTS: We derived 2-Item and 4-Item subscales. Both included …
Prevalence Of Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits In Adults With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Versus Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Prevalence Of Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Traits In Adults With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Versus Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder, A. Pinto, A. L. Greene, E. A. Storch, H. B. Simpson
Journal Articles
Identifying risk factors of psychopathology has been an important research challenge. Prior studies examining the impact of childhood temperament on adult disorder have largely focused on under-controlled and inhibited presentations, with little study of overcontrolled traits such as obsessive-compulsive personality traits (OCPTs). We compared rates of childhood OCPTs in adults with OCD (without OCPD) (n=28) to adults with OCPD (without OCD) (n=27), adults with both OCD and OCPD (n=28), and healthy controls (HC) (n=28), using the childhood retrospective perfectionism questionnaire, a validated measure of perfectionism, inflexibility, and drive for order. Adults with OCPD (both with and without comorbid OCD) reported …
Antipsychotic Treatment And Functional Connectivity Of The Striatum In First-Episode Schizophrenia,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Antipsychotic Treatment And Functional Connectivity Of The Striatum In First-Episode Schizophrenia, D. K. Sarpal, D. G. Robinson, T. Lencz, M. Argyelan, T. Ikuta, K. Karlsgodt, J. Gallego, J. M. Kane, P. R. Szeszko, A. K. Malhotra
Journal Articles
IMPORTANCE Previous evidence has implicated corticostriatal abnormalities in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Although the striatum is the primary target of all efficacious antipsychotics, the relationship between its functional connectivity and symptomatic reduction remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the longitudinal effect of treatment with second-generation antipsychotics on functional connectivity of the striatum during the resting state in patients experiencing a first episode of psychosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective controlled study took place at a clinical research center and included 24 patients with first-episode psychosis and 24 healthy participants matched for age, sex, education, and handedness. Medications were administered in …
Neural Systems Mediating Decision-Making And Response Inhibition For Social And Nonsocial Stimuli In Autism,
2015
Northwell Health
Neural Systems Mediating Decision-Making And Response Inhibition For Social And Nonsocial Stimuli In Autism, K. M. Shafritz, J. D. Bregman, T. Ikuta, P. R. Szeszko
Journal Articles
Autism is marked by impairments in social reciprocity and communication, along with restricted, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. Prior studies have separately investigated social processing and executive function in autism, but little is known about the brain mechanisms of cognitive control for both emotional and nonemotional stimuli. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify differences in neurocircuitry between individuals with high functioning autism (HFA) and neurotypical controls during two versions of a go/no-go task: emotional (fear and happy faces) and nonemotional (English letters). During the letter task, HFA participants showed hypoactivation in the ventral prefrontal cortex. During the emotion task, …
Risk Of Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components In People With Schizophrenia And Related Psychotic Disorders, Bipolar Disorder And Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Risk Of Metabolic Syndrome And Its Components In People With Schizophrenia And Related Psychotic Disorders, Bipolar Disorder And Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, D. Vancampfort, B. Stubbs, A. J. Mitchell, M. De Hert, M. Wampers, P. B. Ward, S. Rosenbaum, C. U. Correll
Journal Articles
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components are highly predictive of cardiovascular diseases. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of MetS and its components in people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, comparing subjects with different disorders and taking into account demographic variables and psychotropic medication use. The secondary aim was to compare the MetS prevalence in persons with any of the selected disorders versus matched general population controls. The pooled MetS prevalence in people with severe mental illness was 32.6% (95% CI: 30.8%-34.4%; N = 198; …
Applying Cognitive Load Theory To Medical Education: Construct And Measurement Challenges,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Applying Cognitive Load Theory To Medical Education: Construct And Measurement Challenges, John Young, J. L. Sewell
Journal Articles
No abstract provided.
Progressive Reduction In Cortical Thickness As Psychosis Develops: A Multisite Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study Of Youth At Elevated Clinical Risk,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Progressive Reduction In Cortical Thickness As Psychosis Develops: A Multisite Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study Of Youth At Elevated Clinical Risk, T. D. Cannon, Y. Chung, G. He, D. Sun, K. Cadenhead, B. A. Cornblatt, M. Tsuang, E. Walker, S. W. Woods, R. Heinssen, +10 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
BACKGROUND: Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) who progress to fully psychotic symptoms have been observed to show a steeper rate of cortical gray matter reduction compared with individuals without symptomatic progression and with healthy control subjects. Whether such changes reflect processes associated with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia or exposure to antipsychotic drugs is unknown. METHODS: In this multisite study, 274 CHR cases, including 35 individuals who converted to psychosis, and 135 healthy comparison subjects were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, 12-month follow-up, or the point of conversion for the subjects who developed fully psychotic symptoms. RESULTS: In …
Prodromal Symptom Severity Predicts Accelerated Gray Matter Reduction And Third Ventricle Expansion Among Clinically High Risk Youth Developing Psychotic Disorders,
2015
Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine
Prodromal Symptom Severity Predicts Accelerated Gray Matter Reduction And Third Ventricle Expansion Among Clinically High Risk Youth Developing Psychotic Disorders, Y. Chung, A. Jacobson, G. He, T. G. Van Erp, S. Mcewen, J. Addington, C. E. Bearden, K. Cadenhead, B. A. Cornblatt, T. D. Cannon, +8 Additional Authors
Journal Articles
A recent prospective longitudinal neuroimaging study of 274 prodromal risk syndrome subjects revealed that those who later developed full-blown psychotic symptoms exhibited accelerated gray matter loss and third ventricle expansion around the time of onset of psychosis. Previous studies also indicate that higher levels of unusual thought content during prodromal states are a significant predictor of psychosis in clinically high-risk youth (CHR). However, the relationship between clinical symptoms and changes in neuroanatomical structure has not been previously examined in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) sample at the atlas level. In this report, we investigated whether symptom severity as …
