Psychiatry Commons^™

Climate Change, Natural Disasters, And Suicide: A Systematic Review, Ans Irfan, Peter Lapuma

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background.
Natural disasters are projected to increase due to climate change. Mental health is not a well-researched area in public health, particularly as it relates to environmental health and in the aftermath of natural disasters. The suicide rate is approximately 13 per 100,000 people in the US, nationally. This already high suicide rate warrants researching this area mental health. Understanding the relation between natural disasters and suicide rates might help alleviate human suffering and potentially save lives in the future, in post-disaster settings. This research will further the knowledge of the association between natural disasters and suicide and provide foundation …

Journal Of Mind And Medical Sciences: Translational And Integrative Mission, David L. Rowland, Ion G. Motofei

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Initiated four years ago, Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (J Mind Med Sci.) established the mission to publish papers on mental and medical topics in distinct but closely interrelated domains. The editorial policy especially encourages interdisciplinary and integrative perspectives, being equally focused on basic research and clinical investigations and short reports.

The journal adheres to the philosophy that high quality, original ideas and information should be readily accessible and freely shared within and amongst the scientific community. Accordingly, J Mind Med Sci. is an online, open access, non-for-profit journal which, because of individual/ private support, has levied no charges …

Prevention Of Recurrent Affective Episodes Using Extinction Training In The Reconsolidation Window: A Testable Psychotherapeutic Strategy., Robert M Post, Robert Kegan

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Stressors may initially precipitate affective episodes, but with sufficient numbers of recurrences, episodes can occur more autonomously. It is postulated the memory engram for these recurrent depressions moves from the conscious representational memory system to the unconscious habit memory system encoded in the striatum. If this were the case, cognitive behavior therapy targeted toward extinction of habit memories could be an effective maneuver for helping reverse the automaticity of affective episode recurrence. Extinction training in the reconsolidation window (which opens about 5 min to 1 h after active memory recall) can revise, reverse, or eliminate the long term memories associated …

Functional Outcomes Of The Low Vision Depression Prevention Trial In Age-Related Macular Degeneration., Ashley D. Deemer, Robert W. Massof, Barry W. Rovner, Robin J. Casten, Catherine V. Piersol

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of behavioral activation (BA) plus low vision rehabilitation with an occupational therapist (OT-LVR) with supportive therapy (ST) on visual function in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Single-masked, attention-controlled, randomized clinical trial with AMD patients with subsyndromal depressive symptoms (n = 188). All subjects had two outpatient low vision rehabilitation optometry visits, then were randomized to in-home BA + OT-LVR or ST. Behavioral activation is a structured behavioral treatment aiming to increase adaptive behaviors and achieve valued goals. Supportive therapy is a nondirective, psychological treatment that provides emotional support and controls for attention. Functional …

Family Group Conferencing—Its Added Value In Mental Health Care, Gert Schout, Ellen Meijer, Gideon De Jong

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Worldwide, there is a growing emphasis on reducing coercion and involving social networks in the care of mental health clients. Nurses should encourage their clients to regain control over their lives, preferably with less coercion and with help from their social network. During four years, a Dutch evaluation study was deployed to determine the applicability of mobilising help from social networks of people with psychiatric problems. Specifically the potential of Family Group Conferencing was examined. In this discursive article the question, ‘what Family Group Conferencing adds to the existing methods that aim to reduce coercion in mental health care and …

Impact Of Cannabis Use On Treatment Outcomes Among Adults Receiving Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment For Ptsd And Substance Use Disorders, Lesia M. Ruglass, Alina Shevorykin, Vanja Radoncic, Kathryn M. Z. Smith, Philip H. Smith, Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy, Santiago Papini, Denise A. Hien

Publications and Research

Background: Research has demonstrated a strong link between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in general and cannabis use disorders in particular. Yet, few studies have examined the impact of cannabis use on treatment outcomes for individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUDs. Methods: Participants were 136 individuals who received cognitive-behavioral therapies for co-occurring PTSD and SUD. Multivariate regressions were utilized to examine the associations between baseline cannabis use and end-of-treatment outcomes. Multilevel linear growth models were fit to the data to examine the cross-lagged associations between weekly cannabis use and weekly PTSD symptom severity and primary …

Trends In Hospital Admissions Due To Antidepressant-Related Adverse Drug Events From 2001 To 2011 In The U.S., Harish S. Parihar, Hongjun Yin, Jennifer L Gooch, Shari N. Allen, Samuel N. John, Jianwei Xuan

PCOM Scholarly Works

BACKGROUND: Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder and the fourth leading cause of disability in the world as per the World Health Organization. Use of antidepressants can lead to adverse drug events (ADEs), defined as any injury resulting from medication use. This study aimed to examine changes in hospital admissions due to antidepressant-related ADEs (ArADEs) among different socio-demographic groups and changes in lengths of stay (LOS) and hospital charges in ArADE admissions from 2001 to 2011.

METHODS: The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database was used. ArADE admissions in different socio-demographic groups were examined including characteristics such as age, …

Research Methods In Occupational Health Psychology, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Chu-Hsiang Chang

Publications and Research

http://www.springerpub.com/occupational-health-psychology.html

Occupational Health Psychology (OHP) is a rapidly expanding interdisciplinary field that focuses on the science and practice of psychology in promoting and developing workplace health- and safety-related initiatives. This comprehensive text for undergraduate and graduate survey courses is the first to encompass a wide range of key issues in OHP. It draws from the domains of psychology, public health, preventive medicine,nursing, industrial engineering, law, and epidemiology to focus on the theory and practice of protecting and promoting the health, well-being, and safety of individuals in the workplace and improving the quality of work life.

The text addresses key psychosocial …

Evaluation Of Outcomes For Psychosis And Epilepsy Treatment Delivered By Primary Health Care Workers In Nepal: A Cohort Study., M J D Jordans, L Aldridge, N P Luitel, F Baingana, B A Kohrt

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Most evaluations of task-shifting have focused on common mental disorders. Much less work has been done on severe mental neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders, such as chronic psychosis and epilepsy. Given the high burden associated with severe MNS and the lack of mental health professionals in low and middle income countries, evaluations on the impact of task-shifting for these disorders are important.

Methods: In a rural district of Nepal, a community mental health program, based on World Health Organization's Mental Health Gap Action Programme guidelines, was evaluated using a cohort study design. People with epilepsy and psychotic disorders …

Addressing Culture And Context In Humanitarian Response: Preparing Desk Reviews To Inform Mental Health And Psychosocial Support., M Claire Greene, Mark J D Jordans, Brandon A Kohrt, Peter Ventevogel, Laurence J Kirmayer, Ghayda Hassan, Anna Chiumento, Mark Van Ommeren, Wietse A Tol

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Delivery of effective mental health and psychosocial support programs requires knowledge of existing health systems and socio-cultural context. To respond rapidly to humanitarian emergencies, international organizations often seek to design programs according to international guidelines and mobilize external human resources to manage and deliver programs. Familiarizing international humanitarian practitioners with local culture and contextualizing programs is essential to minimize risk of harm, maximize benefit, and optimize efficient use of resources. Timely literature reviews on traditional health practices, cultural beliefs and attitudes toward mental health and illness, local health care systems and previous experiences with humanitarian interventions can provide international practitioners …

Early Psychosis And Trauma-Related Disorders: Clinical Practice Guidelines And Future Directions, Martha Straus Phd, Casey A. Cragin Psyd, Dawn Blacker, Laura M. Tully, Tara A. Niendam

Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Addressing Culture And Context In Humanitarian Response: Preparing Desk Reviews To Inform Mental Health And Psychosocial Support., M Claire Greene, Mark J D Jordans, Brandon A Kohrt, Peter Ventevogel, Laurence J Kirmayer, Ghayda Hassan, Anna Chiumento, Mark Van Ommeren, Wietse A Tol

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Delivery of effective mental health and psychosocial support programs requires knowledge of existing health systems and socio-cultural context. To respond rapidly to humanitarian emergencies, international organizations often seek to design programs according to international guidelines and mobilize external human resources to manage and deliver programs. Familiarizing international humanitarian practitioners with local culture and contextualizing programs is essential to minimize risk of harm, maximize benefit, and optimize efficient use of resources. Timely literature reviews on traditional health practices, cultural beliefs and attitudes toward mental health and illness, local health care systems and previous experiences with humanitarian interventions can provide international practitioners …

Elucidating Adolescent Aspirational Models For The Design Of Public Mental Health Interventions: A Mixed-Method Study In Rural Nepal, Sauharda Rai, Safar Bikram Adhikari, Nanda Raj Acharya, Bonnie N. Kaiser, Brandon A. Kohrt

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Adolescent aspirational models are sets of preferences for an idealized self. Aspirational models influence behavior and exposure to risk factors that shape adult mental and physical health. Cross-cultural understandings of adolescent aspirational models are crucial for successful global mental health programs. The study objective was elucidating adolescent aspirational models to inform interventions in Nepal.

Methods

Twenty qualitative life trajectory interviews were conducted among adolescents, teachers, and parents. Card sorting (rating and ranking activities) were administered to 72 adolescents aged 15–19 years, stratified by caste/ethnicity: upper caste Brahman and Chhetri, occupational caste Dalit, and ethnic minority Janajati. …

Translating Mental Health Diagnostic And Symptom Terminology To Train Health Workers And Engage Patients In Cross-Cultural, Non-English Speaking Populations, Bibhav Acharya, Madhur Basnet, Pragya Rimal, David Citrin, Soniya Hirachan, Brandon Kohrt, +Several Additional Authors

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Although there are guidelines for transcultural adaptation and validation of psychometric tools, similar resources do not exist for translation of diagnostic and symptom terminology used by health professionals to communicate with one another, their patients, and the public. The issue of translation is particularly salient when working with underserved, non-English speaking populations in high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. As clinicians, researchers, and educators working in cross-cultural settings, we present four recommendations to avoid common pitfalls in these settings. We demonstrate the need for: (1) harmonization of terminology among clinicians, educators of health professionals, and health policymakers; (2) distinction …

Do Pediatric Gastroenterology Doctors Address Pediatric Obesity?, Suruchi Batra, Caitlin Yee, Bernadette Diez, Nicholas Nguyen, Michael J Sheridan, Mark Tufano, Natalie Sikka, Stacie Townsend, Suchitra Hourigan

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Objectives:

To assess how often obesity is acknowledged at pediatric gastroenterology outpatient visits.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed to identify obese children seen at a gastroenterology subspecialty clinic over a 1-year period of time; 132 children were identified. Demographics, obesity comorbidities, reasons for referral, diagnosis of obesity, and a plan to address obesity were abstracted. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine statistical associations.

Results:

Only 49% of children were given a diagnosis of obesity. In total, 52% of children were given a body mass index reduction plan. Those diagnosed with obesity were more likely to …

Situational Analysis To Inform Development Of Primary Care And Community-Based Mental Health Services For Severe Mental Disorders In Nepal, Mangesh Angdembe, Brandon A. Kohrt, Mark Jordans, Damodar Rimal, Nagendra Luitel

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Nepal is representative of Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) with limited availability of mental health services in rural areas, in which the majority of the population resides.

Methods

This formative qualitative study explores resources, challenges, and potential barriers to the development and implementation of evidence-based Comprehensive Community-based Mental Health Services (CCMHS) in accordance with the mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) for persons with severe mental health disorders and epilepsy. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs, n = 9) and Key-Informant Interviews (KIIs, n = 26) were conducted in a rural district in western Nepal. Qualitative data were coded using …

A Case Of Successful Treatment Of Skin Excoriation Disorder With N-Acetyl Cysteine, Nauman Khan M.D., Priya Mahajan M.D., Sadia Shaukat M.D., Matthew Lacasse D.O., Mark Kanzawa D.O.

Research Day

Introduction: We present a case of a middle age patient with skin excoriation disorder since age 15 who experienced significant improvement with augmentation of her treatment regimen with N-acetyl cysteine. This improvement occurred despite a recurrence of her depression, alcohol use disorder, and stimulant use disorder. Case Presentation: A 59 year-old-female with 44 years of unsuccessful treatment of self-excoriation disorder presented with symptoms of unspecified depression, OCD and stimulant use disorder. She was referred by her surgeon who had to postpone a revision of her hip replacement as she was self-excoriating the right axillary lymphadenectomy site. Initial administration of PHQ-9 …

Speed Of Processing Training Results In Lower Risk Of Dementia, Jerri D. Edwards, Huiping Xu, Daniel O. Clark, Lin T. Guey, Lesley A. Ross, Frederick W. Unverzagt

Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences Faculty Publications

Introduction: Cognitive training improves cognitive performance and delays functional impairment, but its effects on dementia are not known. We examined whether three different types of cognitive training lowered the risk of dementia across 10 years of follow-up relative to control and if greater number of training sessions attended was associated with lower dementia risk.

Methods: The Advanced Cognitive Training in Vital Elderly (NCT00298558) study was a randomized controlled trial (N = 2802) among initially healthy older adults, which examined the efficacy of three cognitive training programs (memory, reasoning, or speed of processing) relative to a no-contact control condition. …

Can Coloring Pre-Structured Designs That Have Complexity Aid In Reducing Anxiety In Those Greater Than 17 Years Of Age?, Kaitlyn P. Probasco

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective evidence based medicine (EBM) review is to determine whether or not coloring mandalas or designs that have complexity and structure can aid in reducing anxiety in those greater than 17 years of age.

Study Design: Review of three English language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published in 2007, 2012, and 2015.

Data Sources: Three randomized controlled trials published in peer-reviewed journals obtained using PubMed and EBSCOhost.

Outcomes Measured: The Curry and Kasser study and the van dV and Serice7study both used the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) to record anxiety. The Henderson …

Is Aristada (Aripiprazole Lauroxil) A Safe And Effective Treatment For Schizophrenia In Adult Patients?, Kyle J. Knowles

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is Aristada (aripiprazole lauroxil) a safe and effective treatment for schizophrenia in adult patients?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three randomized controlled studies. All three trials were conducted between 2014 and 2015.

DATA SOURCES: One randomized, controlled trial and two randomized, controlled, doubleblind trials found via Cochrane Library and PubMed.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes that were measured include adverse events (pain at injection site, insomnia, headache, toothache, abdominal discomfort, constipation, diarrhea, akathisia, back pain, dyskinesia, dystonia, nasopharyngitis) measured by vital signs, physical examination, …