Pediatrics Commons^™

Positive Youth Development, Life Satisfaction, And Problem Behaviors Of Adolescents In Intact And Non-Intact Families In Hong Kong, Daniel T. L. Shek, Hildie Leung

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

This study investigated whether Chinese adolescents living in intact and non-intact families differed in their positive development, life satisfaction, and risk behavior. A total of 3,328 Secondary 1 students responded to measures of positive youth development (such as resilience and psychosocial competencies), life satisfaction, and risk behavior (substance abuse, delinquency, Internet addiction, consumption of pornographic materials, self-harm, and behavioral intention to engage in problem behavior). Findings revealed that adolescents growing up in intact families reported higher levels of positive developmental outcomes and life satisfaction as compared with adolescents from non-intact families. Adolescents in non-intact families also reported higher levels of …

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Disability And Health-Risk Behaviors, Sophia Miryam Schussler-Fiorenza Rose Md, Phd

Population Health Matters (Formerly Health Policy Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Increased Reticulocytosis During Infancy Is Associated With Increased Hospitalizations In Sickle Cell Anemia Patients During The First Three Years Of Life, Emily Riehm Meier, Colleen Byrnes, Y. Terry Lee, Elizabeth C. Wright, Alan N. Schechter, Naomi L. Luban, Jeffrey L. Miller

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Objective

Among older children with sickle cell anemia, leukocyte counts, hemoglobin, and reticulocytosis have previously been suggested as disease severity markers. Here we explored whether these blood parameters may be useful to predict early childhood disease severity when tested in early infancy, defined as postnatal ages 60–180 days.

Study Design

Data from fifty-nine subjects who were followed at Children’s National Medical Center’s Sickle Cell Program for at least three years was retrospectively analyzed. Comparisons were made between white blood cell counts, hemoglobin and reticulocyte levels measured at ages 60–180 days and the clinical course of sickle cell anemia during infancy …

Ereply. Re: Balancing The Pulmonary Circulation In Tricuspid Atresia With An Aortopulmonary Window, Pranava Sinha, Syed Murfad Peer, Mary T. Donofrio

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Appendicitis Is Like A Box Of Chocolates, Clint D. Cappiello, Phillip C. Guzzetta, Faisal G. Qureshi

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Appendicitis is the most commonly encountered abdominal emergency in pediatric surgery. However, the presentation of acute appendicitis is as diverse as the patient population. We present here a case of appendicitis presenting as an intra-abdominal mass consistent with lymphoma. Our patient is a 3 year old male with an atypical presentation of acute appendicitis. Additionally, he was found to have malrotation at the time of surgery. A delayed presentation, coupled with anomalous laboratory findings and aberrant anatomy made for a difficult diagnosis and overall interesting case of appendicitis.

The Relationship Between Prenatal Stress, Depression, Cortisol And Preterm Birth: A Review, Kiran Shaikh, Shahirose Premji, Khurshid Khowaja, Suzanne Tough, Ambreen Kazi, Shaneela Khowaj

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Preterm birth is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal risk factors such as stress and depression have been associated with preterm birth. Preterm infants are at a higher risk of poor growth and neuro developmental outcomes. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between maternal stress, depression, cortisol level, and preterm birth. Preterm birth is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes with a global prevalence of 9.6% and one of the major contributors to infant mortality and morbidity. The association between psychosocial stress and preterm birth, although examined for more than 25 …

Early Echocardiographic Changes After Percutaneous Implantation Of The Edwards Sapien Transcatheter Heart Valve In The Pulmonary Position., Shahryar M. Chowdhury, Ziyad M. Hijazi, John Rhodes, Saibal Kar, Raj Makkar, Michael Mullen, Qi-Ling Cao, Lydia King, Jodi Akin, Girish S. Shirali

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate echocardiographic changes after SAPIEN valve implantation in the pulmonary position.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of the SAPIEN transcatheter pulmonary valve (TPV) has recently been demonstrated. We evaluated changes in pulmonary valve function and the right ventricle after SAPIEN TPV placement.

METHODS: We evaluated echocardiograms at baseline, discharge, 1 and 6 months after TPV placement in 33 patients from 4 centers. Pulmonary insufficiency severity was graded 0-4. TPV peak and mean gradients were measured. Right ventricular (RV) size and function were quantified using routine measures derived from color, spectral, and tissue Doppler indices and two-dimensional echocardiography.

RESULTS: At baseline, …

Mothers’S Education And Working Status; Do They Contribute To Corrosive Poisoning Among Paediatric Patients Of Karachi, Pakistan?, Emaduddin Siddiqui, Kiran Ejaz, Sayyeda Ghazala Irfan Kazi, Saif Siddiqui, Syed Jamal Raza

Department of Emergency Medicine

Objectives: To determine the causative factors behind corrosive poisoning in children like effect of working mothers, their educational status, financial background, family size and number of siblings.

Methods: The multi-centre, prospective, case series of all paediatric patients presenting to the Emergency Department of the National Institute of Child Health and the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from August 2008 to July 2009 is presented. It comprised all paediatric patients with a history of corrosive poisoning at the two hospitals. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Out of 105 cases, 56(53%) related to the private-sector Aga Khan University Hospital, …

Disease Patterns And Outcomes Of Neonatal Admissions At A Secondary Care Hospital In Pakistan, Syed R. Ali, Shakeel Ahmed, Heeramani Lohana

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the disease patterns and outcome of patients admitted to the neonatal unit of a secondary care hospital in Pakistan from January to December 2009.
Methods: Retrospective data from the medical records of all neonates admitted during the study period were reviewed and analysed for age, weight, sex, reason for admission, duration of hospital stay, diagnosis and final outcome. Trends were examined to identify the indicators of inpatient neonatal deaths.
Results: The total number of neonates admitted during the study period was 1,554; 979 were male (63%), and 575 were female (37%). A total of …

Nutrition Political Economy, Pakistan. Province Report:Sindh, Shehla Zaidi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Rozina Mistry, Gul Nawaz, Noorya Hayat, Shandana Khan Mohmand, Andres Mejia Acosta

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Case Of Worsening Stridor In A Neonate, Richard J. Mazzaccaro Md

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Nutrition Political Economy, Pakistan. Provincial Report: Balochistan., Shehla Zaidi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Suleman Qazi, Gul Nawaz, Noorya Hayat, Shandana Khan Mohmand, Andres Mejia Acosta

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Nutrition Political Economy, Pakistan. Province Report: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Shehla Zaidi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Abdul Wajid, Gul Nawaz, Kashif Nazeer, Shandana Khan Mohmand, Andres Mejia Acosta

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Pediatric Palliative Care For Youth With Hiv/Aids: Systematic Review Of The Literature, Megan L. Wilkins, Ronald H. Dallas, Kathleen E. Fanone, Maureen E. Lyon

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Improvement in treatment has led to decreased death in youth with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in developed countries. Despite this, youth with HIV are still at risk for increased mortality and morbidity compared with their uninfected counterparts. In developing countries, high numbers of youth die from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses due to lack of access to consistent antiretroviral treatment. As a result, pediatric palliative care is a relevant topic for those providing care to youth with HIV. A systematic review was conducted to gather information regarding the status of the literature related to pediatric palliative care and medical …

Crystal Structure Of The N-Acetyltransferase Domain Of Human N-Acetyl-L-Glutamate Synthase In Complex With N-Acetyl-L-Glutamate Provides Insights Into Its Catalytic And Regulatory Mechanisms, Gengxiang Zhao, Zhongmin Jin, Norma M. Allewell, Mendel Tuchman, Dashuang Shi

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS) catalyzes the conversion of AcCoA and L-glutamate to CoA and N-acetyl-L-glutamate (NAG), an obligate cofactor for carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) in the urea cycle. NAGS deficiency results in elevated levels of plasma ammonia which is neurotoxic. We report herein the first crystal structure of human NAGS, that of the catalyticN-acetyltransferase (hNAT) domain with N-acetyl-L-glutamate bound at 2.1 Å resolution. Functional studies indicate that the hNAT domain retains catalytic activity in the absence of the amino acid kinase (AAK) domain. Instead, the major functions of the AAK domain appear to be providing …

A Synthetic Model Of Human Beta-Thalassemia Erythropoiesis Using Cd34+ Cells From Healthy Adult Donors, Y. Terry Lee, Ki-Soon Kim, Colleen Byrnes, Jaira F. De Vasconcellos, Seung-Jae Noh, Antoinette Rabel, Emily Riehm Meier, Jeffrey L. Meier

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Based upon the lack of clinical samples available for research in many laboratories worldwide, a significant gap exists between basic and clinical studies of beta-thalassemia major. To bridge this gap, we developed an artificially engineered model for human beta thalassemia by knocking down beta-globin gene and protein expression in cultured CD34+ cells obtained from healthy adults. Lentiviral-mediated transduction of beta-globin shRNA (beta-KD) caused imbalanced globin chain production. Beta-globin mRNA was reduced by 90% compared to controls, while alpha-globin mRNA levels were maintained. HPLC analyses revealed a 96% reduction in HbA with only a minor increase in HbF. During the terminal …

Is Adrenalectomy Necessary During Unilateral Nephrectomy For Wilms Tumor? A Report From The Children's Oncology Group., Kathleen Kieran, James R Anderson, Jeffrey S Dome, Peter F Ehrlich, Michael L Ritchey, Robert C Shamberger, Elizabeth J Perlman, Daniel M Green, Andrew M Davidoff

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: To determine whether performing adrenalectomy at the time of nephrectomy for unilateral Wilms tumor impacts clinical outcome.

METHODS: We reviewed information on all patients enrolled on National Wilms Tumor Study-4 and -5. Data were abstracted on patient demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical and pathologic status of the adrenal gland, and patient outcomes. The primary endpoints were intraoperative spill and five-year event-free survival (EFS) in patients who did or did not undergo adrenalectomy.

RESULTS: Of 3825 patients with complete evaluable data, the adrenal was left in situ in 2264 (57.9%) patients, and was removed completely in 1367 patients (36.7%) or partially …

Effect Of A Voice Recognition System On Paediatric Outpatient Medication Errors, Angela Nyangore Migowa

Master of Medicine in Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Medication errors have potential to cause harm and death; especially children who are three times more vulnerable than adults. Risk of medication errors is higher in out- patient settings due to a stressful work environment with less familiarity of individual patients. This problem in sub-Saharan Africa is however largely undetermined. A Voice Recognition System that converts verbal messages into text and stores it in a database in a retrievable format could impact on reduction of medication errors. Objectives: The primary objective was to compare medication prescription and dispensing errors in written prescriptions with those from a Voice Recognition System. …

Effectiveness Of Pentavalent And Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccines In Concurrent Use Among Us Children <5 Years Of Age, 2009-2011, Daniel C. Payne, Julie A. Boom, Mary Allen Staat, Kathryn M. Edwards, Peter G. Szilagyi, Eileen J. Klein, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Parvin H. Azimi, Christopher J. Harrison, Mary Moffatt, Samantha H. Johnston, Leila C. Sahni, Carol J, Baker, Marcia A. Rench, Stephanie Donauer, Monica Mcneal, James Chappell, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Azadeh Tasslimi, Jacqueline E. Tate, Mary Wikswo, Aaron T. Curns, Iddrisu Sulemana, Slavica Mijatovic-Rustempasic, Mathew D. Esona, Michael D. Bowen, Jon R. Gentsch, Umesh D. Parashar

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Background We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) for RotaTeq (RV5; 3 doses) and Rotarix (RV1; 2 doses) at reducing rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) inpatient and emergency department (ED) visits in US children.

Methods We enrolled children vaccine, age, ethnicity, genotype, and clinical setting.

Results RV5-specific analyses included 359 rotavirus cases and 1811 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV1-specific analyses included 60 rotavirus cases and 155 rotavirus-negative AGE controls. RV5 and RV1 were 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78%-88%) and 70% (95% CI, 39%-86%) effective, respectively, against rotavirus-associated ED visits and hospitalizations combined. By clinical setting, RV5 VE against ED and inpatient rotavirus-associated visits …

Β-Estradiol-Dependent Activation Of The Jak/Stat Pathway Requires P/Cip And Carm1, N. Coughlan, G. Thillainadesan, J. Andrews, M. Isovic, J. Torchia

Paediatrics Publications

The steroid receptor coactivator p/CIP, also known as SRC-3, is an oncogene commonly amplified in breast and ovarian cancers. p/CIP is known to associate with coactivator arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) on select estrogen responsive genes. We have shown, using a ChIP-on-chip approach, that in response to stimulation with 17β-estradiol (E2), the p/CIP/CARM1 complex is recruited to 204 proximal promoters in MCF-7 cells. Many of the complex target genes have been previously implicated in signaling pathways related to oncogenesis. Jak2, a member of the Jak/Stat signaling cascade, is one of the direct E2-dependent targets of the p/CIP/CARM1 complex. Following E2-treatment, histone …