Pediatrics Commons^™

An Assessment Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) In Us Blood Donors And Recipients: No Detectable Hev Rna In 1939 Donors Tested And No Evidence For Hev Transmission To 362 Prospectively Followed Recipients., Chenyu Xu, Richard Y. Wang, Cathy A. Schechterly, Shengxiang Ge, James W. Shih, Ning-Shao Xia, Naomi L. Luban, Harvey J. Alter

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND:

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has become relevant to blood transfusion practice because isolated cases of blood transmission have been reported and because HEV has been found to cause chronic infection and severe liver disease in immunocompromised patients.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:

We tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibodies to the HEV and for HEV RNA in 1939 unselected volunteer US blood donors. Subsequently, we tested the same variables in pre- and serial posttransfusion samples from 362 prospectively followed blood recipients to assess transfusion risk.

RESULTS:

IgG anti-HEV seroprevalence in the total 1939 donations was 18.8%: 916 of …

Human Sexuality And Adolescence, Joav Merrick, Ariel Tenenbaum, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Plan B Topic: Annotated Resource List, Payton Roberts

Undergraduate Research Award

No abstract provided.

Gsk-3Β Function In Bone Regulates Skeletal Development, Whole-Body Metabolism, And Male Life Span, J. R. Gillespie, J. R. Bush, G. I. Bell, L. A. Aubrey, H. Dupuis, F. Ferron, B. Kream, G. Dimattia, S. Patel, J. R. Woodgett, G. Karsenty, D. A. Hess, F. Beier

Paediatrics Publications

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK-3β) is an essential negative regulator or “brake” on many anabolic-signaling pathways including Wnt and insulin. Global deletion of GSK-3β results in perinatal lethality and various skeletal defects. The goal of our research was to determine GSK-3β cell-autonomous effects and postnatal roles in the skeleton. We used the 3.6-kb Col1a1 promoter to inactivate the Gsk3b gene (Col1a1-Gsk3b knockout) in skeletal cells. Mutant mice exhibit decreased body fat and postnatal bone growth, as well as delayed development of several skeletal elements. Surprisingly, the mutant mice display decreased circulating glucose and insulin levels despite normal expression of …

Incidence Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Infection In A Children's Hospital In The Washington Metropolitan Area Of The United States, 2003-2010, Xiaoyan Song, Joanthan Cogen, Nalini Singh

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major public health threat. In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients with laboratory-confirmed MRSA infections treated at Children’s National Medical Center in Washington, District of Columbia between July 2003 and December 2010. The secular trends in the incidence rates of skin/soft tissue and invasive MRSA infections were assessed. Molecular analyses were performed on a subset of patients with invasive infections whose MRSA isolates were available for genotyping. The study identified 3750 patients with MRSA infections. The incidence of MRSA infections peaked in 2007 (incidence rate: 5.34 per 1000 patient-visits) and subsequently …

National Trends In C. Difficileinfections In Hospitalized Children And Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 2001 –2010, Kelly C. Sandberg, Matthew M. Davis, Achamyeleh Gebremariam, Jeremy Adler, Child Health Evaluation And Research Unit, University Of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology, University Of Michigan

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Clostridium difficile infection complicates inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults. Increased hospitalizations have been reported due to recent hypervirulent c. difficile strains. National trends of c. difficile infections in hospitalized children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are currently incomplete.

La Feminización De La Especialidad De Pediatría En La Ciudad De Buenos Aires, Argentina / The Feminization Of The Specialty Of Pediatrics In The City Of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Jessica Wilder

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Background: In the context of feminization of pediatrics that is occurring rapidly worldwide, this investigation seeks to determine the underlying causes of the phenomenon in Argentina. It focuses on the field of pediatrics because pediatrics is one of the most feminized medical specialties. Through this narrowed focus, the investigation intends to suggest causes for the feminization occurring in all of medicine. It studies the pediatricians of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires in order to illuminate the social, logistical, and personal motivations that attracted them to pediatrics. It is very important to discover these motivations and causes because they reflect …

The Pertinence Of Maternal Education On Child Immunization In Rural Uttarakhand: More Than Just Increased Rates, Sarah Banerji

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Child immunization rates in India continue to remain low, despite the 1985 implementation of a Universal Immunization Program that provides free basic immunizations to all children. There are numerous logistical factors that contribute to the low rates of immunization, but rates are made further worse by a lack of parental awareness and education about immunization, especially in village communities. This study examines the maternal understanding of immunization in rural Uttarakhand, both in villages in which an NGO has been working to improve maternal immunization education and in villages with no NGO involvement. It finds a positive correlation between increased immunization …

The Perception Of Maternal Anemia And The Effect Of Nutritional Education: A Qualitative Analysis Among Village Mothers In Rural Kumaon, Uk, Kelsey Bash

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Malnutrition is often associated with starving children in developing countries. However, while calorie and protein deficiencies—macronutrient deficiencies—are a cause for concern, micronutrient deficiencies can be equally detrimental and are even more pervasive. The most prevalent micronutrient deficiency is anemia, and the story of anemia in India is particularly grim. India has the largest number of anemic people in the world and severe anemia is the cause of death for an average of 22,000 Indians each year (The Micronutrient Initiative 2006). Anemia rates are exacerbated for women and even more so for pregnant women. According to the most recent National Family …

Implantable Port Devices In Paediatric Oncology Patients: A Clinical Experience From A Tertiary Care Hospital, Sohail Asghar Dogar, Muhammad Arif Mateen Khan

Section of Paediatric Surgery

Objective: To assess the frequency of infection of portacath in children having malignant tumours and undergoing chemotherapy, and to assess the association of the infection with already known risk factors.
Methods: The retrospective review was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and involved patient data related to the period between January 2005 to December 2010. A questionnaire was designed to collect the required data. A total of 67 children were included having portacath inserted for chemotherapy. Children in which portacath was inserted under local anaesthesia in Radiology department, reinserted or inserted because of a reason other than childhood malignancy …

Factors Impacting Echocardiographic Imaging After The Fontan Procedure: A Report From The Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-Sectional Study., Richard V. Williams, Renee Margossian, Minmin Lu, Andrew M. Atz, Timothy J. Bradley, Michael Jay Campbell, Steven D. Colan, Dianne Gallagher, Wyman W. Lai, Gail D. Pearson, Ashwin Prakash, Girish S. Shirali, Meryl S. Cohen, Pediatric Heart Network Investigators

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Echocardiographic image quality in Fontan survivors may be limited by a variety of factors. We sought to describe echocardiographic quality and factors associated with study quality in subjects participating in the Pediatric Heart Network Fontan Cross-Sectional Study. Echocardiograms were obtained at 7 clinical sites using a standard protocol. Quality grading and analysis were performed by a core laboratory. Univariate and multivariable modeling were performed to assess factors associated with quality and ability to obtain images sufficient for prespecified quantitative analysis. A total of 543 echocardiograms were obtained. The quality of echocardiograms improved over the duration of the study. The great …

Risk Of Hearing Loss In Children Exposed To Gentamicin For The Treatment Of Sepsis In Young Infancy: A Community Based Cohort Study In Pakistan, Urooj Iftikhar, Syed Asad Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Iqbal Azam, Sarah Saleem, Anita Kaniz Zaidi

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To determine the safety of gentamicin when used in a community setting to treat neonatal sepsis.
Methods: The study was conducted in peri-urban areas of Karachi from September 2009 to April 2010. The exposed group consisted of children 6 months to 3 years of age who were treated for sepsis during 0-2 months of age in the community, with a regimen that included gentamicin for at least five days.The control group included children from the same area who never received gentamicin. The outcome measure was hearing loss, which was assessed by Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry.
Results: Of the 255 …

Adolescence, Violence, And Public Health, Joav Merrick, Isack Kandel, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Palliative Care For The Medically Complex Child, Melanie Anspacher, Neha H. Shah

E-Learning Modules

**From the AAMC website: Contains time-sensitive information that will likely be inaccurate, obsolete, or irrelevant by August 12, 2016**

Children with special health care needs are increasingly prevalent in US hospitals. The pediatric hospitalist is often the primary provider of inpatient care for these patients. The Complex Care Curriculum was developed to provide a multi-modal educational curriculum for providers with the overall goal of improving inpatient care for this population. The curriculum is composed primarily of a series of topic-specific learning modules. This particular resource was created to provide pediatricians with educational materials related to palliative care for the medically …

Neonatal Neurobehavioral Abnormalities And Mri Brain Injury In Encephalopathic Newborns Treated With Hypothermia, Maya B. Coleman, Penny Glass, Judy Brown, Nadja Kadom, Tammy Tsuchida, Joseph Scafidi, Taeun Chang, Gilbert Vezina, An Nguyen Massaro

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background

Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) is a prominent cause of infant mortality and neurodevelopmental disability. Hypothermia is an effective neuroprotective therapy for newborns with encephalopathy. Post-hypothermia functional–anatomical correlation between neonatal neurobehavioral abnormalities and brain injury findings on MRI in encephalopathic newborns has not been previously described.

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between neonatal neurobehavioral abnormalities and brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in encephalopathic newborns treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

Study design

Neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) referred for therapeutic hypothermia were prospectively enrolled in this observational study. Neurobehavioral functioning was assessed with the NICU network neurobehavioral scale (NNNS) performed …

Development Of Uv/Hplc Methods For Quantitative Analysis Of Benznidazole In Human Plasma And Urine For Application In Pediatric Clinical Studies, María Elena Marsón, Diego Dante Dana, Jaime Altcheh, Facundo García-Bournissen, Guido Mastrantonio

Paediatrics Publications

Objective: Chagas disease constitutes a major public health problem in Latin America. Correctly designed pharmacokinetic, safety, and bioequivalence studies are desirable in order to fill the knowledge gaps that presently exist on available drugs. It is necessary to develop accurate, simple, reproducible, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/UV methods for the quantization of benznidazole (BNZ) in human plasma and urine for clinical applications, specially in pediatric patients. Methods: Quantization of BNZ in human plasma involved freeze-drying and re-suspension in organic solvent followed by reverse phase HPLC with UV detection. Analysis of BNZ in urine involved liquid/liquid extraction followed by reverse …

Strengthening Paediatric Emergency Medicine In Pakistan Is Our Need To Reach Millennium Development Goal 4., Emaduddin Siddiqui, Kiran Ejaz

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation In Cryptogenic Liver Cirrhosis, Noureen Afzal, Saleem Akhtar, Shakeel Ahmed, Mehnaz Atiq

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The cause in 10 - 20% cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) cannot be elucidated, and are thus termed cryptogenic. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are relatively rare, but the most common anomaly involving the pulmonary tree. Although the rare correlation between LC and PAVM is well-known, there have been no reports of PAVMs occurring in cryptogenic LC. We report a case of PAVM that occurred in cryptogenic liver cirrhosis in a 3 years old male child. The child presented with complaints of malena, hematemesis and variceal bleed. The examination revealed a child with respiratory distress, irritability, tachycardia, clubbing and abdominal distention. …

Physical Activity And Social Cognitive Theory Outcomes Of An Internet-Enhanced Physical Activity Intervention For African American Female College Students, Rodney P. Joseph, Dorothy W. Pekmezi, Terri Lewis, Gareth R. Dutton, Lori W. Turner, Nefertiti H. Durant

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background. African American women report low levels of physical activity (PA) and are disproportionately burdened by related chronic diseases. This pilot study tested a 6-month theory-based (Social Cognitive Theory, SCT) culturally-relevant website intervention to promote PA among African American female college students.

Materials and Methods. A single group pre-post test design (n=34) was used. PA and associated SCT constructs (outcome expectations, enjoyment, self-regulation, social support) were assessed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.

Results. The sample was comprised of mostly obese (M BMI= 35.4, SD=6.82) young adults (M age= 21.21 years, SD=2.31). Fifty percent …

Reproducibility Of Cine Displacement Encoding With Stimulated Echoes (Dense) Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance For Measuring Left Ventricular Strains, Torsion, And Synchrony In Mice, Christopher M. Haggerty, Sage P. Kramer, Cassi M. Binkley, David K. Powell, Andrea C. Mattingly, Richard Charnigo, Frederick H. Epstein, Brandon K. Fornwalt

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Advanced measures of cardiac function are increasingly important to clinical assessment due to their superior diagnostic and predictive capabilities. Cine DENSE cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is ideal for quantifying advanced measures of cardiac function based on its high spatial resolution and streamlined post-processing. While many studies have utilized cine DENSE in both humans and small-animal models, the inter-test and inter-observer reproducibility for quantification of advanced cardiac function in mice has not been evaluated. This represents a critical knowledge gap for both understanding the capabilities of this technique and for the design of future experiments. We hypothesized that cine DENSE …