Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons^™

Effect Of Age On Uterine And Ovarian Morphology With Polycystic Ovaries, Ambreen Usmani, Rehana Rehman, Aisha Qamar

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

Objective: To measure the outcome of age on ovarian and uterine morphology in primary infertile women with

polycystic ovaries.

Methods: The observational cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2009 to March 2010, and the

subjects were recruited from Ziauddin Hospital, Nazimabad, Karachi. The primary infertile subjects with polycystic

ovaries were subdivided into two age groups:20-30 years (group I), and 31-40 years (group II). Both groups had equal

number of subjects. The ovarian volume, follicles count and size, uterine area and endometrial thickness were

determined by transabdominal and transvaginal scans. Shapiro-Wilk's test and Mann-Whitney test were applied,

with p<0.05 being significant.

Results: …

“In Light Of Real Alternatives”: Negotiations Of Fertility And Motherhood In Morocco And Oman, Victoria E. Mohr

Student Publications

Many states in the Arab world have undertaken wide-ranging family planning polices in the last two decades in an effort to curb high fertility rates. Oman and Morocco are two such countries, and their policies have had significantly different results. Morocco experienced a swift drop in fertility rates, whereas Oman’s fertility has declined much more slowly over several decades. Many point to the more conservative religious and cultural context of Oman for their high fertility rates, however economics and the state of biomedical health care often present a more compelling argument for the distinct differences between Omani and Moroccan family …

Intimate Partner Violence After Disclosure Of Hiv Test Results Among Pregnant Women In Harare, Zimbabwe, Simukai Shamu, Christina Zarowsky, Tamara Shefer, Marleen Temmerman, Naeemah Abrahams

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: HIV status disclosure is a central strategy in HIV prevention and treatment but in high prevalence settings women test disproportionately and most often during pregnancy. This study reports intimate partner violence (IPV) following disclosure of HIV test results by pregnant women.

Methods: In this cross sectional study we interviewed 1951 postnatal women who tested positive and negative for HIV about IPV experiences following HIV test disclosure, using an adapted WHO questionnaire. Multivariate regression models assessed factors associated with IPV after disclosure and controlled for factors such as previous IPV and other known behavioural factors associated with IPV.

Results: Over …

Approaches To Improve Quality Of Care (Qoc) For Women And Newborns: Conclusions, Evidence Gaps And Research Priorities, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Rehana A. Salam, Zohra S. Lassi, Anne Austin, Ana Langer

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Despite progress in recent years, an estimated 273,500 women died as a result of maternal causes in 2010. The burden of these deaths is disproportionately bourne by women who reside in low income countries or belong to the poorest sectors of the population of middle or high income ones, and it is particularly acute in regions where access to and utilization of facility-based services for childbirth and newborn care is lowest. Evidence has shown that poor quality of facility-based care for these women and newborns is one of the major contributing factors for their elevated rates of morbidity and mortality. …

Prevalence And Evolution Of Intimate Partner Violence Before And During Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study, An-Sofie Van Parys, Ellen Deschepper, Kristien Michielsen, Marleen Temmerman, Hans Verstraelen

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) before and during pregnancy is associated with a broad range of adverse health outcomes. Describing the extent and the evolution of IPV is a crucial step in developing interventions to reduce the health impact of IPV. The objectives are to study the prevalence of psychological abuse, as well as physical & sexual violence, and to provide insight into the evolution of IPV 12 months before and during pregnancy.

Methods: Between June 2010 and October 2012, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 antenatal care clinics in Belgium. Consenting pregnant women were asked to complete a …

Women's Empowerment And Contraceptive Use: The Role Of Independent Versus Couples' Decision-Making, From A Lower Middle Income Country Perspective, Waqas Hameed, Syed Khurram Azmat, Moazzam Ali, Muhammad Ishaque Sheikh, Ghazunfer Abbas, Marleen Temmerman, Bilal Iqbal Avan

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: There is little available evidence of associations between the various dimensions of women's empowerment and contraceptive use having been examined--and of how these associations are mediated by women's socio-economic and demographic statuses. We assessed these phenomena in Pakistan using a structured-framework approach.
Methods: We analyzed data on 2,133 women who were either using any form of contraceptive or living with unmet need for contraception. The survey was conducted during May - June 2012, with married women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in three districts of Punjab. The dimensions of empowerment were categorized broadly into: economic decision-making, household decision-making, and …

Women's Empowerment And Contraceptive Use: The Role Of Independent Versus Couples' Decision-Making, From A Lower Middle Income Country Perspective, Waqas Hameed, Syed Khurram Azmat, Moazzam Ali, Muhammad Ishaque Sheikh, Ghazunfer Abbas, Marleen Temmerman, Bilal Iqbal Avan

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Introduction: There is little available evidence of associations between the various dimensions of women’s empowerment and contraceptive use having been examined - and of how these associations are mediated by women’s socio-economic and demographic statuses. We assessed these phenomena in Pakistan using a structured-framework approach.

Methods: We analyzed data on 2,133 women who were either using any form of contraceptive or living with unmet need for contraception. The survey was conducted during May - June 2012, with married women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in three districts of Punjab. The dimensions of empowerment were categorized broadly into: economic decision making, …

Implantation Failure In Female Kiss1-/- Mice Is Independent Of Their Hypogonadic State And Can Be Partially Rescued By Leukemia Inhibitory Factor., Michele Calder, Yee-Ming Chan, Renju Raj, Macarena Pampillo, Adrienne Elbert, Michelle Noonan, Carolina Gillio-Meina, Claudia Caligioni, Nathalie G Bérubé, Moshmi Bhattacharya, Andrew J Watson, Stephanie B Seminara, Andy V Babwah

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

The hypothalamic kisspeptin signaling system is a major positive regulator of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis, and loss of Kiss1 in the mouse results in infertility, a condition generally attributed to its hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We demonstrate that in Kiss1(-/-) female mice, acute replacement of gonadotropins and estradiol restores ovulation, mating, and fertilization; however, these mice are still unable to achieve pregnancy because embryos fail to implant. Progesterone treatment did not overcome this defect. Kiss1(+/-) embryos transferred to a wild-type female mouse can successfully implant, demonstrating the defect is due to maternal factors. Kisspeptin and its receptor are expressed in the mouse …

The Kras/Mapk Pathway And Ligand Independent Activation Of Erα: Implications For The Treatment Of Endometrial Cancer, Kari Ring

Dissertations and Theses (Open Access)

Hormonal therapy remains a first line option for the treatment of recurrent endometrial cancer (EC), however, many tumors demonstrate de novo or acquired resistance. Member kinases of the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways activate estrogen receptor α (ERα) independent of estrogen, however, few studies have evaluated the role of the Ras/MAPK pathway in predicting response to hormonal therapy in EC. The aims of this project were to evaluate the role of ligand independent activation of ERα in EC and to explore therapeutic implications for the treatment of recurrent EC.

A xenograft model for recurrent EC was used to evaluate the effect …

Gestational Headaches: Characteristics And Influencing Factors In South-Western Nigeria, Philip Adebayo, Aramide Mikhail Tijani, Olukayode Abayom, Adeseye Abiodun Akintunde

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Background: factor s Headache is one of the common neurological diseases in pregnancy but its pattern and influencing are yet to be determined in our environment in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics, as well as the modifying factors for gestational headaches in Ogbomoşo, Nigeria.

Methods: This study was a biinsti pregnant women attending the antetutional crosssectional descriptive study. Three hundred and eight (308) eligible natal care of the Ladoke Akintola University of T local government hospitals in Ogbomoso were recruited consecu 2013. Using an interviewer administered questionnaire, sociodemographic, obstetrics and headache related …

The Changing Tides In Gynecologic Surgery: Minimally Invasive Options What We Know And How Do We Improve Usage And Training, Michael L. Galloway

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Over the past twenty years gynecologic surgery has evolved from primarily abdominal approach to the current focuson minimally invasive surgical techniques. Minimally invasive techniques include vaginal and laparoscopic techniques. Evolution in laparoscopic technology and equipment has exploded to include multiple vessel sealing instruments of varying modalities, instruments with “wristed” capabilities and robotic assisted technology. Single port laparoscopy and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery notes are other variations of laparoscopic technology. Vaginal surgery is still touted as the “ultimate” minimally invasive surgery by ACOG, however, its use has not grown over this time. Many surgeons have had limited training in vaginal …

Maternal Near-Miss And Death And Their Association With Caesarean Section Complications: A Cross-Sectional Study At A University Hospital And A Regional Hospital In Tanzania, Helena Litorp, Hussein Kidanto, Mattias Rööst, Muzdalifat Abeid, Lennarth Nyström, Birgitta Essén

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background The maternal near-miss (MNM) concept has been developed to assess life-threatening conditions during pregnancy, childhood, and puerperium. In recent years, caesarean section (CS) rates have increased rapidly in many low- and middle-income countries, a trend which might have serious effects on maternal health. Our aim was to describe the occurrence and panorama of maternal near-miss and death in two low-resource settings, and explore their association with CS complications.

Methods We performed a cross-sectional study, including all women who fulfilled the WHO criteria for MNM or death between February and June 2012 at a university hospital and a regional hospital …

Unmet Need For Contraception And Unintended Pregnancies Among Women Of Reproductive Age Group: A Situation Analysis, Sumera Aziz Ali, Savera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Each year approximately 210 million pregnancies occur worldwide and more than one-third (75 to 80 million) of these are unintended, more than half of these (46 million) unintended pregnancies undergo unsafe abortions. In Pakistan 16% of the births are reported to be unwanted and if the unwanted fertility is eliminated, total fertility in Pakistan would be 3.1 births per woman. Total demand for family planning in Pakistan is 55%, while the contraceptive prevalence rate is 35% and unmet need for family planning is 20%. Reasons for unmet need and unintended pregnancy include lack of permission, fear of side effects, poor …

Impact Of Peak/Mid Luteal Estradiol On Pregnancy Outcome After Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, Rehana Rehman, Zahir Hussain, Huma Zahir, Rakhshaan Khan

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Abstract

Objective: To compare peak to mid estradiol ratio with the probability of successful conception after intracytoplasmic

sperm injection.

Method: The quasi-experimental study was conducted in an infertility clinic at Islamabad from June 2010 till August

2011, and comprised couples subjected to intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection. Down-regulation of ovaries was

followed by calculated stimulation, ovulation induction, oocytes retrieval, intra cytoplasmic sperm injection, in vitro

maturation of embryos and finally blastocysts transfer. Serum estradiol was measured by enzyme-linked

immunosorbent assay on ovulation induction day and the day of embryo transfer. Failure of procedure was detected

by beta human chorionic gonadotropin5-25mIU/ml (Group I; …

Pregnancy Anxiety And Prenatal Cortisol Trajectories, Heidi S. Kane, Christine Dunkel Schetter, Laura M. Glynn, Calvin J. Hobel, Curt A. Sandman

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Pregnancy anxiety is a potent predictor of adverse birth and infant outcomes. The goal of the current study was to examine one potential mechanism whereby these effects may occur by testing associations between pregnancy anxiety and maternal salivary cortisol on 4 occasions during pregnancy in a sample of 448 women. Higher mean levels of pregnancy anxiety over the course of pregnancy predicted steeper increases in cortisol trajectories compared to lower pregnancy anxiety. Significant differences between cortisol trajectories emerged between 30 to 31 weeks of gestation. Results remained significant when adjusted for state anxiety and perceived stress. Neither changes in pregnancy …

'There Are A Lot Of New People In Town: But They Are Here For Soccer, Not For Business' A Qualitative Inquiry Into The Impact Of The 2010 Soccer World Cup On Sex Work In South Africa, Marlise L. Richter, Fiona Scorgie, Matthew F. Chersich, Stanley Luchters

Population Health, East Africa

Background: Sports mega-events have expanded in size, popularity and cost. Fuelled by media speculation and moral panics, myths proliferate about the increase in trafficking into forced prostitution as well as sex work in the run-up to such events. This qualitative enquiry explores the perceptions of male, female and transgender sex workers of the 2010 Soccer World Cup held in South Africa, and the impact it had on their work and private lives.

Methods: A multi-method study design was employed. Data consisted of 14 Focus Group Discussions, 53 sex worker diaries, and responses to two questions in surveys with …

Responding To Change In Reproductive Endocrinology Fellowships, William Schlaff, Md

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

Thirty years ago, in the days when I was a reproductive endocrinology fellow, the field looked far different than it does today. Reproductive endocrinologists at that time were most assuredly the experts in diagnosing and treating infertility, but were often, if not usually the go-to doctors for patients with congenital uterovaginal anomalies, endometriosis, and those in need of complicated endoscopic procedures. The REI was not only the authority on polycystic ovary syndrome and other hormonal problems, but often the leader in addressing clinical issues in contraception, abnormal uterine bleeding, and menopause. In the early to mid-1980’s infertility treatment, such as …

Systematic Review Of Facility-Based Sexual And Reproductive Health Services For Female Sex Workers In Africa, Ashar Dhana, Stanley Luchters, Lizzie Moore, Yves Lafort, Anuradha Roy, Fiona Scorgie, Matthew Chersich

Population Health, East Africa

Background: Several biological, behavioural, and structural risk factors place female sex workers (FSWs) at heightened risk of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. FSW projects in many settings have demonstrated effective ways of altering this risk, improving the health and wellbeing of these women. Yet the optimum delivery model of FSW projects in Africa is unclear. This systematic review describes intervention packages, service-delivery models, and extent of government involvement in these services in Africa.

Methods: On 22 November 2012, we searched Web of Science and MEDLINE, without date restrictions, for …

A Study Protocol: Using Demand-Side Financing To Meet The Birth Spacing Needs Of The Underserved In Punjab Province In Pakistan, Syed Khurram Azmat, Moazzam Ali, Waqas Hameed, Ghulam Mustafa, Ghazanfer Abbas, Muhammad Ishaque, Mohsina Bilgrami, Marleen Temmerman

Community Health Sciences

Background: High fertility rates, unwanted pregnancies, low modern contraceptive prevalence and a huge unmet need for contraception adversely affect women's health in Pakistan and this problem is compounded by limited access to reliable information and quality services regarding birth spacing especially in rural and underserved areas. This paper presents a study protocol that describes an evaluation of a demand-side financing (DSF) voucher approach which aims to increase the uptake of modern contraception among women of the lowest two wealth quintiles in Punjab Province, Pakistan.
Methods/design: This study will use quasi-experimental design with control arm and be implemented in: six government …

Rationale, Design, And Cohort Enrolment Of A Prospective Observational Study Of The Clinical Performance Of The New Contraceptive Implant (Femplant) In Pakistan, Syed Khurram Azmat, Waqas Hameed, Anja Lendvay, Babar Tasneem Shaikh, Ghulam Mustafa, Muhammad Ahmed Siddiqui, Sajid Brohi, Asif Karim, Muhammad Ishaque, Wajahat Hussain

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: The use of hormonal implants has gained positive traction in family planning programs in recent times. Compared to other popular methods, such as long-term reversible intrauterine devices, the use of hormonal implants as a family planning method has distinct advantages in terms of long-term efficiency and better user compliance and availability. This paper presents a study protocol to document and evaluate the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of Femplant (contraceptive implant) in Pakistan during the first year of its use among married women of reproductive age (18-44 years) at clinics in two provinces of Pakistan (Sindh and Punjab).
Materials and …