Neurology Commons^™

Risks Of Colon Injuries In Extreme Lateral Approaches To The Lumbar Spine: An Anatomical Study., Emre Yilmaz, Joe Iwanaga, Marc Moisi, Ronen Blecher, Amir Abdul-Jabbar, Tamir Tawfik, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Introduction
 The extreme lateral interbody fusion technique (XLIF) is a modification of the retroperitoneal approach to the lumbar spine. This is a minimally invasive technique allowing direct access to the disc space without peritoneal or posterior paraspinal musculature damage. Nevertheless, the retroperitoneal part of the colon can be injured in this operative technique. To our knowledge, a study analyzing the anatomical considerations of the extreme lateral interbody fusion technique with regards to potential colon injuries has not been previously performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential risk of colon injuries during the extreme lateral approach …

Amyloid-Beta Solubility In The Treatment Of Alzheimer's Disease, Michael Paul Murphy

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Specific Relationship Between The Shape Of The Readiness Potential, Subjective Decision Time, And Waiting Time Predicted By An Accumulator Model With Temporally Autocorrelated Input Noise, Aaron Schurger

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Self-initiated movements are reliably preceded by a gradual buildup of neuronal activity known as the readiness potential (RP). Recent evidence suggests that the RP may reflect subthreshold stochastic fluctuations in neural activity that can be modeled as a process of accumulation to bound. One element of accumulator models that has been largely overlooked in the literature is the stochastic term, which is traditionally modeled as Gaussian white noise. While there may be practical reasons for this choice, we have long known that noise in neural systems is not white – it is long-term correlated with spectral density of the form …

Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis: A Novel Surgical Model For Moyamoya Syndrome, Jill M. Roberts, Michael E. Maniskas, Justin F. Fraser, Gregory J. Bix

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Moyamoya is a cerebrovascular disorder characterized by progressive stenosis of the intracranial internal carotid arteries. There are two forms: Disease and Syndrome, with each characterized by the sub-population it affects. Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is more prominent in adults in their 20’s-40’s, and is often associated with autoimmune diseases. Currently, there are no surgical models for inducing moyamoya syndrome, so our aim was to develop a new animal model to study this relatively unknown cerebrovascular disease. Here, we demonstrate a new surgical technique termed internal carotid artery stenosis (ICAS), to mimic MMS using micro-coils on the proximal ICA. We tested for …

A Comprehensive Review Of Medical Imaging Equipment Used In Cadaveric Studies., Emily Simonds, Charlotte Wilson, Joe Iwanaga, Tyler Laws, Gary Holley, Rod J Oskouian, R Shane Tubbs

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Medical imaging techniques have led to great advances in clinical anatomy and forensic pathology. New and emerging technologies allow healthcare professionals to view and understand the human body from different perspectives. This gives way to new and improved interventions, treatment plans, and an overall understanding of the human body. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the various medical imaging equipment used in cadaveric studies along with their individual strengths and limitations.

A Chromosomal Deletion And New Frameshift Mutation Cause Arsacs In An African-American, Sean C. Dougherty, Amy Harper, Hind Al Saif, Gregory Vorona, Scott R. Haines

Neurology Publications

Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a rare, progressive, neurodegenerative disease characterized by ataxia, spasticity and polyneuropathy. First described in the French-Canadian population of Quebec in 1978, ARSACS has since been identified in multiple patients worldwide. In this clinical case report, we describe the evaluation of an 11-years-old African-American male who presented to neuromuscular clinic for assessment of a gait abnormality. He had a history of gross motor delay since early childhood, frequent falls and a below average IQ. Chromosomal microarray revealed a 1.422 megabase loss in the 13q12.12 region, which includes the SACS gene. Next Generation Sequencing …

Why West? Comparisons Of Clinical, Genetic And Molecular Features Of Infants With And Without Spasms., Anne T Berg, Samya Chakravorty, Sookyong Koh, Zachary M Grinspan, Renée A Shellhaas, William D Gaillard, +Several Additional Authors

Neurology Faculty Publications

Infantile spasms are the defining seizures of West syndrome, a severe form of early life epilepsy with poorly-understood pathophysiology. We present a novel comparative analysis of infants with spasms versus other seizure-types and identify clinical, etiological, and molecular-genetic factors preferentially predisposing to spasms. We compared ages, clinical etiologies, and associated-genes between spasms and non-spasms groups in a multicenter cohort of 509 infants (

Joint Representation Of Spatial And Phonetic Features In The Human Core Auditory Cortex, P. Patel, L. K. Long, J. L. Herrero, A. D. Mehta, N. Mesgarani

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

A Clinical Approach To New-Onset Psychosis Associated With Immune Dysregulation: The Concept Of Autoimmune Psychosis, S. Najjar, J. Steiner, A. Najjar, K. Bechter

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Presurgical Language Fmri: Clinical Practices And Patient Outcomes In Epilepsy Surgical Planning, C. F. Benjamin, A. X. Li, H. Blumenfeld, R. T. Constable, R. Alkawadri, S. Bickel, Z. Z. Helmstaedter, S. Meletti, R. Bronen, L. J. Hirsch, +5 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The goal of this study was to document current clinical practice and report patient outcomes in presurgical language functional MRI (fMRI) for epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy surgical programs worldwide were surveyed as to the utility, implementation, and efficacy of language fMRI in the clinic; 82 programs responded. Respondents were predominantly US (61%) academic programs (85%), and evaluated adults (44%), adults and children (40%), or children only (16%). Nearly all (96%) reported using language fMRI. Surprisingly, fMRI is used to guide surgical margins (44% of programs) as well as lateralize …

Intracranial Electrophysiology Reveals Reproducible Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Within Human Brain Networks, A. Kucyi, J. Schrouff, S. Bickel, B. L. Foster, J. M. Shine, J. Parvizi

Journal Articles

© 2018 the authors. Evidence for intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) within the human brain is largely from neuroimaging studies of hemodynamic activity. Data are lacking from anatomically precise electrophysiological recordings in the most widely studied nodes of human brain networks. Here we used a combination of fMRI and electrocorticography (ECoG) in five human neurosurgical patients with electrodes in the canonical “default” (medial prefrontal and posteromedial cortex), “dorsal attention” (frontal eye fields and superior parietal lobule), and “frontoparietal control” (inferior parietal lobule and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) networks. In this unique cohort, simultaneous intracranial recordings within these networks were anatomically matched across …

100% Response Rate To Galcanezumab In Patients With Episodic Migraine: A Post Hoc Analysis Of The Results From Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Evolve-1 And Evolve-2 Studies., N. Rosen, E. Pearlman, D. Ruff, K. Day, A. Jim Nagy

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE:To characterize adult patients with episodic migraine who achieved 100% response to galcanezumab treatment. BACKGROUND:Galcanezumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and has demonstrated efficacy in reducing migraine headache days (MHD) in patients with episodic and chronic migraine. METHODS:A post hoc analysis of the proportion of patients with 100% response (100% reduction from baseline in monthly MHD) was calculated for each month from pooled data of 2 double-blind, 6-month galcanezumab studies in patients with episodic migraine (4 to 14 MHD and ≥2 migraine attacks per month at baseline). The patients were randomized …

Reduction Of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Increases The Adhesiveness Of Constitutive Endothelial Membrane Icam-1 Through Src-Mediated Phosphorylation, Feng Gao, Brandon P. Lucke-Wold, Xiang Li, Aric F. Logsdon, Li-Chong Xu, Sulei Xu, Kyle B. Lapenna, Huaqi Wang, M.A. Hassan Talukder, Christopher A. Siedlecki, Jason D. Huber, Charles L. Rosen, Pingnian He

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Nitric oxide (NO) is a known anti-adhesive molecule that prevents platelet aggregation and leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells (ECs). The mechanism has been attributed to its role in the regulation of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and the adhesive properties of platelets. Our previous study conducted in rat venules found that reduction of EC basal NO synthesis caused EC ICAM-1-mediated firm adhesion of leukocytes within 10–30min. This quick response occurred in the absence of alterations of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and also opposes the classical pattern of ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion that requires protein synthesis and occurs hours after stimulation. The objective …

Absolute Lymphocyte And Neutrophil Counts In Neonatal Ischemic Brain Injury., Jessica M Povroznik, Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi, Tania Nanavati, Paola Pergami

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study aimed to identify differences in absolute neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between neonates with two forms of ischemic brain injury, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and acute ischemic stroke, compared to controls. We also aimed to determine whether this neutrophil/lymphocyte response pattern is associated with disease severity or is a consequence of the effects of total-body cooling, an approved treatment for moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 101 neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy + total-body cooling (n = 26), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (n = 12), acute ischemic stroke (n = 15), and transient tachypnea of the newborn (n = …

Regional Microstructural Organization Of The Cerebral Cortex Is Affected By Preterm Birth., Marine Bouyssi-Kobar, Marie Brossard-Racine, Marni Jacobs, Jonathan Murnick, Taeun Chang, Catherine Limperopoulos

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Objectives: To compare regional cerebral cortical microstructural organization between preterm infants at term-equivalent age (TEA) and healthy full-term newborns, and to examine the impact of clinical risk factors on cerebral cortical micro-organization in the preterm cohort.

Study design: We prospectively enrolled very preterm infants (gestational age (GA) at birth<32 >weeks; birthweight<1500 >g) and healthy full-term controls. Using non-invasive 3T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, we quantified regional micro-organization in ten cerebral cortical areas: medial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex, insula, posterior parietal cortex, motor/somatosensory/auditory/visual cortex. ANCOVA analyses were performed controlling for sex and postmenstrual age at MRI.

Results: We studied …

A Novel Method For Training Mice In Visuo-Tactile 3-D Object Discrimination And Recognition, Xian Hu, Ogaga Urhie, Kevin Chang, Rachel Hostetler, Ariel Agmon

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Perceiving, recognizing and remembering 3-dimensional (3-D) objects encountered in the environment has a very high survival value; unsurprisingly, this ability is shared among many animal species, including humans. The psychological, psychophysical and neural basis for object perception, discrimination, recognition and memory has been extensively studied in humans, monkeys, pigeons and rodents, but is still far from understood. Nearly all 3-D object recognition studies in the rodent used the “novel object recognition” paradigm, which relies on innate rather than learned behavior; however, this procedure has several important limitations. Recently, investigators have begun to recognize the power of behavioral tasks learned through …

Adp-Ribosylation Factor-Like 2 (Arl2) Regulates Cilia Stability And Development Of Outer Segments In Rod Photoreceptor Neurons, Zachary C. Wright, Yuriy Loskutov, Daniel Murphy, Peter Stoilov, Elena Pugacheva, Andrew F.X. Goldberg, Visvanathan Ramamurthy

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons with a sensory cilium carrying an elaborate membrane structure, the outer segment (OS). Inherited mutations in genes involved in ciliogenesis frequently result in OS malformation and blindness. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 (ARL2) has recently been implicated in OS formation through its association with Binder of ARL2 (BART or ARL2BP), a protein linked to inherited blinding disease. To test the role of ARL2 in vision we created a transgenic mouse model expressing a tagged-dominant active form of human ARL2 (ARL2-Q70L) under a rod-specific promoter. Transgenic ARL2-Q70L animals exhibit reduced photoreceptor cell function as early as post-natal day …

Exposure To Mild Blast Forces Induces Neuropathological Effects, Neurophysiological Deficits And Biochemical Changes, Adan Hernandez, Chunfeng Tan, Florian Plattner, Aric F. Logsdon, Karine Pozo, Mohammad A. Yousuf, Tanvir Singh, Ryan C. Turner, Brandon P. Luke-Wold, Jason D. Huber, Charles L. Rosen, James A. Bibb

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Direct or indirect exposure to an explosion can induce traumatic brain injury (TBI) of various severity levels. Primary TBI from blast exposure is commonly characterized by internal injuries, such as vascular damage, neuronal injury, and contusion, without external injuries. Current animal models of blast-induced TBI (bTBI) have helped to understand the deleterious effects of moderate to severe blast forces. However, the neurological effects of mild blast forces remain poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effects caused by mild blast forces combining neuropathological, histological, biochemical and neurophysiological analysis. For this purpose, we employed a rodent blast TBI model with blast forces …

Titanium Hardware Extrusion Following Pediatric Cranioplasty, Cody L. Mullens, Luke J. Grome, Cesar A. Serrano, Rabia Qaiser, Aaron C. Mason

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Aging pediatric cranioplasty patients with titanium implants are a population at risk for scalp breakdown and implant extrusion. Complications from titanium use in adult cranioplasty patients are well documented in the medical literature. Reports of complications focused on pediatric populations are sparse. In this case series, we report two examples of negative sequelae associated with titanium utilization in infant cranioplasty and discuss our treatment strategy for each case.

Fasudil In Combination With Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (Bmscs) Attenuates Alzheimer’S Disease-Related Changes Through The Regulation Of The Peripheral Immune System, Jiezhong Yu, Yuqing Yan, Qingfang Gu, Gajendra Kumar, Hongqiang Yu, Yijin Zhao, Chunyun Liu, Ye Gao, Zhi Chai, Jasleen Chumber, Bao-Guo Xiao, Guang-Xian Zhang, Han-Ting Zhang, Yuqiang Jiang, Cun-Gen Ma

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. Its mechanism is still not clear. Majority of research focused on the central nervous system (CNS) changes, while few studies emphasize on peripheral immune system modulation. Our study aimed to investigate the regulation of the peripheral immune system and its relationship to the severity of the disease after treatment in an AD model of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) mice. APP/PS1 Tg mice (8 months old) were treated with the ROCK-II inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)- homo-piperazine (Fasudil) (intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections, 25 mg/kg/day), bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs; caudal vein injections, 1 × 106 BMSCs …