Neurology Commons^™

Absolute Lymphocyte And Neutrophil Counts In Neonatal Ischemic Brain Injury., Jessica M Povroznik, Elizabeth B Engler-Chiurazzi, Tania Nanavati, Paola Pergami

Neurology Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study aimed to identify differences in absolute neutrophils, lymphocytes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio between neonates with two forms of ischemic brain injury, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and acute ischemic stroke, compared to controls. We also aimed to determine whether this neutrophil/lymphocyte response pattern is associated with disease severity or is a consequence of the effects of total-body cooling, an approved treatment for moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 101 neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy + total-body cooling (n = 26), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (n = 12), acute ischemic stroke (n = 15), and transient tachypnea of the newborn (n = …

Regional Microstructural Organization Of The Cerebral Cortex Is Affected By Preterm Birth., Marine Bouyssi-Kobar, Marie Brossard-Racine, Marni Jacobs, Jonathan Murnick, Taeun Chang, Catherine Limperopoulos

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Objectives: To compare regional cerebral cortical microstructural organization between preterm infants at term-equivalent age (TEA) and healthy full-term newborns, and to examine the impact of clinical risk factors on cerebral cortical micro-organization in the preterm cohort.

Study design: We prospectively enrolled very preterm infants (gestational age (GA) at birth<32 >weeks; birthweight<1500 >g) and healthy full-term controls. Using non-invasive 3T diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics, we quantified regional micro-organization in ten cerebral cortical areas: medial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior/posterior cingulate cortex, insula, posterior parietal cortex, motor/somatosensory/auditory/visual cortex. ANCOVA analyses were performed controlling for sex and postmenstrual age at MRI.

Results: We studied …

A Novel Method For Training Mice In Visuo-Tactile 3-D Object Discrimination And Recognition, Xian Hu, Ogaga Urhie, Kevin Chang, Rachel Hostetler, Ariel Agmon

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Perceiving, recognizing and remembering 3-dimensional (3-D) objects encountered in the environment has a very high survival value; unsurprisingly, this ability is shared among many animal species, including humans. The psychological, psychophysical and neural basis for object perception, discrimination, recognition and memory has been extensively studied in humans, monkeys, pigeons and rodents, but is still far from understood. Nearly all 3-D object recognition studies in the rodent used the “novel object recognition” paradigm, which relies on innate rather than learned behavior; however, this procedure has several important limitations. Recently, investigators have begun to recognize the power of behavioral tasks learned through …

Adp-Ribosylation Factor-Like 2 (Arl2) Regulates Cilia Stability And Development Of Outer Segments In Rod Photoreceptor Neurons, Zachary C. Wright, Yuriy Loskutov, Daniel Murphy, Peter Stoilov, Elena Pugacheva, Andrew F.X. Goldberg, Visvanathan Ramamurthy

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Photoreceptor cells are specialized neurons with a sensory cilium carrying an elaborate membrane structure, the outer segment (OS). Inherited mutations in genes involved in ciliogenesis frequently result in OS malformation and blindness. ADP-ribosylation factor-like 2 (ARL2) has recently been implicated in OS formation through its association with Binder of ARL2 (BART or ARL2BP), a protein linked to inherited blinding disease. To test the role of ARL2 in vision we created a transgenic mouse model expressing a tagged-dominant active form of human ARL2 (ARL2-Q70L) under a rod-specific promoter. Transgenic ARL2-Q70L animals exhibit reduced photoreceptor cell function as early as post-natal day …

Exposure To Mild Blast Forces Induces Neuropathological Effects, Neurophysiological Deficits And Biochemical Changes, Adan Hernandez, Chunfeng Tan, Florian Plattner, Aric F. Logsdon, Karine Pozo, Mohammad A. Yousuf, Tanvir Singh, Ryan C. Turner, Brandon P. Luke-Wold, Jason D. Huber, Charles L. Rosen, James A. Bibb

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Direct or indirect exposure to an explosion can induce traumatic brain injury (TBI) of various severity levels. Primary TBI from blast exposure is commonly characterized by internal injuries, such as vascular damage, neuronal injury, and contusion, without external injuries. Current animal models of blast-induced TBI (bTBI) have helped to understand the deleterious effects of moderate to severe blast forces. However, the neurological effects of mild blast forces remain poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the effects caused by mild blast forces combining neuropathological, histological, biochemical and neurophysiological analysis. For this purpose, we employed a rodent blast TBI model with blast forces …

Titanium Hardware Extrusion Following Pediatric Cranioplasty, Cody L. Mullens, Luke J. Grome, Cesar A. Serrano, Rabia Qaiser, Aaron C. Mason

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Aging pediatric cranioplasty patients with titanium implants are a population at risk for scalp breakdown and implant extrusion. Complications from titanium use in adult cranioplasty patients are well documented in the medical literature. Reports of complications focused on pediatric populations are sparse. In this case series, we report two examples of negative sequelae associated with titanium utilization in infant cranioplasty and discuss our treatment strategy for each case.

Fasudil In Combination With Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (Bmscs) Attenuates Alzheimer’S Disease-Related Changes Through The Regulation Of The Peripheral Immune System, Jiezhong Yu, Yuqing Yan, Qingfang Gu, Gajendra Kumar, Hongqiang Yu, Yijin Zhao, Chunyun Liu, Ye Gao, Zhi Chai, Jasleen Chumber, Bao-Guo Xiao, Guang-Xian Zhang, Han-Ting Zhang, Yuqiang Jiang, Cun-Gen Ma

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. Its mechanism is still not clear. Majority of research focused on the central nervous system (CNS) changes, while few studies emphasize on peripheral immune system modulation. Our study aimed to investigate the regulation of the peripheral immune system and its relationship to the severity of the disease after treatment in an AD model of APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic (APP/PS1 Tg) mice. APP/PS1 Tg mice (8 months old) were treated with the ROCK-II inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)- homo-piperazine (Fasudil) (intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections, 25 mg/kg/day), bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs; caudal vein injections, 1 × 106 BMSCs …

Correction To: Abolishing Tau Cleavage By Caspases At Aspartate421 Causes Memory/Synaptic Plasticity Deficits And Pre-Pathological Tau Alterations (Translational Psychiatry, (2017), 7, 8, (E1198), 10.1038/Tp.2017.165), F. Biundo, C. D’Abramo, M. D. Tambini, H. Zhang, D. Del Prete, F. Vitale, G. G. Giliberto, O. Arancio, L. D’Adamio

Journal Articles

© 2018, The Author(s). This article was originally published under Nature Research’s License to Publish, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the article have been modified accordingly.

Anti-Tau Conformational Scfv Mc1 Antibody Efficiently Reduces Pathological Tau Species In Adult Jnpl3 Mice., F. Vitale, L. Giliberto, S. Ruiz, K. Steslow, P. Marambaud, C. D'Abramo

Journal Articles

Tau, the main component of the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), is an attractive target for immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. MC1/Alz50 are currently the only antibodies targeting a disease-specific conformational modification of tau. Passive immunization experiments using intra-peritoneal injections have previously shown that MC1 is effective at reducing tau pathology in the forebrain of tau transgenic JNPL3 mice. In order to reach a long-term and sustained brain delivery, and avoid multiple injection protocols, we tested the efficacy of the single-chain variable fragment of MC1 (scFv-MC1) to reduce tau pathology in the same animal model, with focus on brain …

Identification Of Ethyl Pyruvate As A Nlrp3 Inflammasome Inhibitor That Preserves Mitochondrial Integrity, S. Li, F. Liang, K. Kwan, Y. Tang, X. Wang, H. Yang, S. S. Chavan, H. Wang, K. J. Tracey, +3 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Primary Solitary Retro-Clival Amyloidoma., J. R. Schneider, K. Kwan, K. O. Kulason, L. J. Faltings, S. Colantonio, S. Safir, J. Y. Li, K. S. Black, B. T. Schaeffer, M. B. Eisenberg, +1 Additional Author

Journal Articles

Amyloidosis encompasses a group of disorders sharing the common feature of intercellular deposition of amyloid protein by several different pathogenetic mechanisms. Primary solitary amyloidosis, or amyloidoma, is a rare subset of amyloidosis in which amyloid deposition is focal and not secondary to a systemic process or plasma cell dyscrasia.This 84-year-old female presented with history of multiple syncopal episodes, dysphagia, and ataxia. Motor strength was 3+/5 in the right upper extremity. Rheumatoid factor, cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) were normal. Serum and urine immune-electrophoresis detected no abnormal bands. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a …

Induction And Quantification Of Excitability Changes In Human Cortical Networks, C. J. Keller, Y. Huang, J. L. Herrero, M. E. Fini, V. Du, F. A. Lado, C. J. Honey, A. D. Mehta

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Correction To: First Results On Survival From A Large Phase 3 Clinical Trial Of An Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine In Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma, L. M. Liau, K. Ashkan, D. D. Tran, J. L. Campian, J. E. Trusheim, C. S. Cobbs, J. A. Heth, M. Salacz, M. Schulder, M. L. Bosch, +59 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 The Author(s). Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported an error in the spelling of one of the author names. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author names are indicated and the author name has been updated in the original publication. The authors also reported an error in the Methods section of the original article. In this Correction the incorrect and correct versions of the affected sentence are indicated. The original article has not been updated with regards to the error in the Methods section.

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Complicated By Refractory Subdural Hematomas In A Patient With Coagulation Factor Xiii Deficiency, R. Gilad, S. L. Motivala, S. Khan, E. Chang, D. L. Klein, M. J. Raden

Journal Articles

© 2018 The Authors Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is often secondary to an occult cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in the neuroaxis. It is sometimes associated with chronic subdural hematomas (SDH). The authors present the case of a 61 year-old male who presented with SIH from an occult CSF leak and complicated by refractory SDH. The patient underwent treatment for SIH with multiple epidural blood patches, hydration and bed rest. In addition, he underwent evacuation of his SDH twice, once via burr hole drainage and the second via craniotomy. Once the diagnosis of coagulation factor XIII (CFXIII) deficiency was made, the …

Structural Brain Abnormalities In The Common Epilepsies Assessed In A Worldwide Enigma Study, C. D. Whelan, A. Altmann, J. A. Botia, N. Jahanshad, D. P. Hibar, J. Absil, Alhusaini, M. K. M. Alvim, R. Kuzniecky, S. M. Sisodiya, +81 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Is Seizure Frequency Variance A Predictable Quantity?, D. M. Goldenholz, S. R. Goldenholz, R. Moss, J. French, D. Lowenstein, R. Kuzniecky, Z. Z. Haut, S. Cristofaro, K. Detyniecki, W. H. Theodore, +4 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Dissociable Contributions Of The Prefrontal Cortex In Group-Based Cooperation, J. Wills, O. Feldmanhall, M. R. Meager, J. J. Van Bavel, K. Blackmon, O. Devinsky, Doyle, D. J. Luciano, R. I. Kuzniecky, U. Samadani, +8 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© The Author(s) (2018). Published by Oxford University Press. The success of our political institutions, environmental stewardship and evolutionary fitness all hinge on our ability to prioritize collective-interest over self-interest. Despite considerable interest in the neuro-cognitive processes that underlie group cooperation, the evidence to date is inconsistent. Several papers support models of prosocial restraint, while more recent work supports models of prosocial intuition.We evaluate these competing models using a sample of lesion patients with damage to brain regions previously implicated in intuition and deliberation. Compared to matched control participants (brain damaged and healthy controls), we found that patients with dorsolateral …

Presurgical Language Fmri: Technical Practices In Epilepsy Surgical Planning, C. F. Benjamin, I. Dhingra, A. X. Li, H. Blumenfeld, R. Alkawadri, S. Bickel, Z. Z. Helmstaedter, S. Meletti, R. A. Bronen, D. D. Spencer, +5 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Little is known about how language functional MRI (fMRI) is executed in clinical practice in spite of its widespread use. Here we comprehensively documented its execution in surgical planning in epilepsy. A questionnaire focusing on cognitive design, image acquisition, analysis and interpretation, and practical considerations was developed. Individuals responsible for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting clinical language fMRI data at 63 epilepsy surgical programs responded. The central finding was of marked heterogeneity in all aspects of fMRI. Most programs use multiple tasks, with a fifth routinely using 2, 3, …

Safety And Efficacy Of A 3-Dimensional Stent Retriever With Aspiration-Based Thrombectomy Vs Aspiration-Based Thrombectomy Alone In Acute Ischemic Stroke Intervention A Randomized Clinical Trial, R. G. Nogueira, D. Frei, J. F. Kirmani, O. Zaidat, D. Lopes, A. S. Turk, D. Heck, B. Mason, D. Langer, A. Siddiqui, +9 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

First Results On Survival From A Large Phase 3 Clinical Trial Of An Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine In Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma, L. M. Liau, K. Ashkan, D. D. Tran, J. L. Campian, J. E. Trusheim, C. S. Cobbs, J. A. Heth, M. Salacz, M. Schulder, M. L. Bosch, +59 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

© 2018 The Author(s). Background: Standard therapy for glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide. This Phase 3 trial evaluates the addition of an autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine (DCVax®-L) to standard therapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Methods: After surgery and chemoradiotherapy, patients were randomized (2:1) to receive temozolomide plus DCVax-L (n = 232) or temozolomide and placebo (n = 99). Following recurrence, all patients were allowed to receive DCVax-L, without unblinding. The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS); the secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: For the intent-to-treat (ITT) population (n = 331), median OS (mOS) was …