Radiology Commons^™

Radiation-Enhanced Therapeutic Targeting Of Galectin-1 Enriched Malignant Stroma In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Meenakshi Upreti, Amar Jyoti, Sara E. Johnson, Elden P. Swindell, Dana L. Napier, Pallavi Sethi, Ryan Chan, Jonathan M. Feddock, Heidi L. Weiss, Thomas V. O'Halloran, B. Mark Evers

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Currently there are no FDA approved targeted therapies for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Ongoing clinical trials for TNBC have focused primarily on targeting the epithelial cancer cells. However, targeted delivery of cytotoxic payloads to the non-transformed tumor associated-endothelium can prove to be an alternate approach that is currently unexplored. The present study is supported by recent findings on elevated expression of stromal galectin-1 in clinical samples of TNBC and our ongoing findings on stromal targeting of radiation induced galectin-1 by the anginex-conjugated arsenic-cisplatin loaded liposomes using a novel murine tumor model. We demonstrate inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis …

Sonographic Estimation Of The Prevalence Of Hepatic Steatosis In Hiv Monoinfected Patients At Aga Khan University Nairobi., Bernadette Wambui Muthee

Master of Medicine in Imaging and Diagnostic Radiology

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus disease (HIV) is a worldwide health problem. It is estimated that 38.6 million people are infected with HIV globally. It has remained endemic in the African continent for close to 20 years and is a long term developmental challenge in Africa which bears 69 % of the HIV/AIDS global burden. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has caused dramatic improvement in prognosis of HIV disease. Consequently, this has resulted in substantial reduction in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related morbidity and mortality. In contrast, this has been accompanied by an upsurge in liver- related …

Establishing The Feasibility Of The Dosimetric Compliance Criteria Of Rtog 1308: Phase Iii Randomized Trial Comparing Overall Survival After Photon Versus Proton Radiochemotherapy For Inoperable Stage Ii-Iiib Nsclc., Tawfik Giaddui, Wenzhou Chen, Jialu Yu, Liyong Lin, Charles B. Simone, Lulin Yuan, Yutao U.T. Gong, Q. Jackie Wu, Radhe Mohan, Xiaodong Zhang, Jaques B. Bluett, Michael Gillin, Kevin Moore, Elizabeth O'Meara, Jennifer Presley, Jeffrey D Bradley, Zhongxing Liao, James Galvin, Ying Xiao

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: To establish the feasibility of the dosimetric compliance criteria of the RTOG 1308 trial through testing against Intensity Modulation Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Passive Scattering Proton Therapy (PSPT) plans.

METHODS: Twenty-six lung IMRT and 26 proton PSPT plans were included in the study. Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) for targets and normal structures were analyzed. The quality of IMRT plans was assessed using a knowledge-based engineering tool.

RESULTS: Most of the RTOG 1308 dosimetric criteria were achieved. The deviation unacceptable rates were less than 10 % for most criteria; however, a deviation unacceptable rate of more than 20 % was …

Mr Imaging Findings In Xp21.2 Duplication Syndrome, Matthew T. Whitehead, Guy Helman, Andrea L. Gropman

Radiology Faculty Publications

Xp21.2 duplication syndrome is a rare genetic disorder of undetermined prevalence and clinical relevance. As the use of chromosomal microarray has become first line for the work-up of childhood developmental delay, more gene deletions and duplications have been recognized. To the best of our knowledge, the imaging findings of Xp21.2 duplication syndrome have not been reported. We report a case of a 33 month-old male referred for developmental delay that was found to have an Xp21.2 duplication containing IL1RAPL1 and multiple midline brain malformations.

A Medical Editor's Utopia, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

No abstract provided.

Creating A Dynamic, Multi-Purpose Correction For Multiple Geometries And Field Sizes To Account For Off-Axis And Asymmetric Backscatter With Varian Portal Dosimetry, Remy Manigold

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Intensity modulated radiation therapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy are increasingly common in radiation therapy due to their benefits of target conformity and normal tissue sparing. Due to the complexities of plan delivery and the precision required, the dose delivered must be accurately measured for quality assurance (QA). One of the most efficient ways to perform patient-specific QA when using clinical linear accelerators (linac) is to use an electronic portal imaging device (EPID). Amorphous silicon (aSi) Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPIDs) are attached to the linac and can provide real-time feedback with spatial resolution on the order of sub-millimeter pixel …

A Study On Automated Process For Extracting White Blood Cellular Data From Microscopic Digital Injured Skeletal Muscle Images, Bibek Karki

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Skeletal muscle injury is one of the common injuries caused by high-intensity sports activities, military related works, and natural disasters. In order to discover better therapies, it is important to study muscle regeneration process. Muscle regeneration process tracking is the act of monitoring injured tissue section over time, noting white blood cell behavior and cell-fiber relations. A large number of microscopic images are taken for tracking muscle regeneration process over multiple time instances. Currently, manual approach is widely used to analyze a microscopic image of muscle cross section, which is time consuming, tedious and buggy.

Automation of this research methodology …

Modern Evaluation Of Abdominal Trauma, Errington C. Thompson, Md, Chadwick J. Knight, Md

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Abdominal trauma can be mysterious to some physicians. If patients are evaluated for being stable or unstable, then abdominal trauma can be easily managed. Using a combination of physical examination, ultrasound and CT scans, patients can be quickly and efficiently evaluated.

Development Of A Temperature Sensitive Face Mask For Identification And Triage Of Febrile Patients, Annemarie Daecher, Flemming Forsberg, John R. Eisenbrey

Department of Radiology Posters

Abstract:

Many infectious diseases are most transmittable when the carrier is presenting with fever. We propose a disposable face mask that changes color as an indicator of fever to provide hospitals with a quick and inexpensive method for triaging infected patients while limiting exposure to others. Two blue thermochromatic dyes which transition to white at 89°F and 92°F were mixed with white paint and applied to 5 types of disposable face masks. During trials, a wearer either sat at rest or ran on a treadmill for 20 minutes and images were obtained every 5 minutes with a thermal camera to …

The Connectivity Domain: Analyzing Resting State Fmri Data Using Feature-Based Data-Driven And Model-Based Methods, Armin Iraji, Vince D. Calhoun, Natalie M. Wiseman, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Mohammad R. N. Avanaki, Zhifeng Kou

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research Publications

Spontaneous fluctuations of resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) have been widely used to understand the macro-connectome of the human brain. However, these fluctuations are not synchronized among subjects, which leads to limitations and makes utilization of first-level model-based methods challenging. Considering this limitation of rsfMRI data in the time domain, we propose to transfer the spatiotemporal information of the rsfMRI data to another domain, the connectivity domain, in which each value represents the same effect across subjects. Using a set of seed networks and a connectivity index to calculate the functional connectivity for each seed network, we transform data into …

Imaging The Transgender Patient, Tanya M. Custer, Kim Michael

Posters and Presentations: Medical Imaging & Therapeutic Sciences

Within the health care system, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons face many obstacles that lead to health disparities. These disparities include social stigma, lack of provider knowledge and training, lack of sufficient health insurance coverage, and layout of physician practice. As noted by the Joint Commission, federal law prohibits the discrimination of individuals based on race, color, national origin, age, disability, and sex within the health care system.1 It is essential for all health care providers to be educated on the best practices in regard to caring for the LGBT patient.

The focus of this exhibit is to …

Labrad : Vol 42, Issue 1 - April 2016, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi

LABRAD - Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Radiology Archives

• Biochemical Bone Profiles Available at Clinical Laboratoryof Aga Khan University Hospital
• Ionized Calcium Determination in Clinical Labortory
• Parathyroid Hormone Disorders and Issues of Testing
• Tubular Maximum Reabsorption Rate of Phosphate to Glomerular Filtration Rate (TmP/GFR)
• Renal Osteodystrophy: A Disturbed Metabolic Aspect of Renal Failure
• Update on Microbiological Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders
• Classification of Tumours of Bone : An Update Based on the 2013 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone
• Recent Developments in Benign Bone Tumours
• Role of Clinical and Radiological Correlation in Orthopaedic Pathology
• CME Seminar on ‘World Osteoporosis Day’

Peripheral (Deep) But Not Periventricular Mri White Matter Hyperintensities Are Increased In Clinical Vascular Dementia Compared To Alzheimer's Disease, Charles D. Smith, Eleanor S. Johnson, Linda J. Van Eldik, Gregory A. Jicha, Frederick A. Schmitt, Peter T. Nelson, Richard J. Kryscio, Richard R. Murphy, Clinton V. Wellnitz

Neurology Faculty Publications

Background and purpose: Vascular dementia (VAD) is a complex diagnosis at times difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI scans often show white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in both conditions. WMH increase with age, and both VAD and AD are associated with aging, thus presenting an attribution conundrum. In this study, we sought to show whether the amount of WMH in deep white matter (dWMH), versus periventricular white matter (PVH), would aid in the distinction between VAD and AD, independent of age. Methods: Blinded semiquantitative ratings of WMH validated by objective quantitation of WMH volume from standardized MRI image acquisitions. …

Dielectric Properties Measurements Of Brown And White Adipose Tissue In Rats From 0.5 To 10 Ghz, Dario B. Rodrigues, Paul R. Stauffer, E. Colebeck, A. Z. Hood, S. Salahi, P. F. Maccarini, E. Topsakal

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in whole body metabolism and with appropriate stimulus could potentially mediate weight gain and insulin sensitivity. Although imaging techniques are available to detect subsurface BAT, there are currently no viable methods for continuous acquisition of BAT energy expenditure. Microwave (MW) radiometry is an emerging technology that allows the quantification of tissue temperature variations at depths of several centimeters. Such temperature differentials may be correlated with variations in metabolic rate, thus providing a quantitative approach to monitor BAT metabolism. In order to optimize MW radiometry, numerical and experimental phantoms with accurate dielectric properties …

A Call For The Structured Physicist Report, John M. Boone, Phd, Mahadevappa Mahesh, Ms, Phd, Eric L. Gingold, Phd, J. Anthony Seibert, Phd

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

Introduction:

The field of diagnostic radiology continues to struggle with the clinical adoption of the structured interpretive report, with many radiologists preferring a semistructured, free-text dictation style to a more rigid, highly structured approach that some professional leaders have promoted [1]. Although structured reporting compliance in the radiologist community has been difficult to achieve, diagnostic radiologists have been thinking about and discussing this important issue for many years; it is also a part of the ACR’s Imaging 3.0_ campaign [2]. In the breast imaging community, the well-established BI-RADS_ recommendations produce a very structured report, with a discussion of interpretive findings …

Mri Signal Intensity Differentiation Of Brainstem Encephalitis Induced By Enterovirus 71: A Classification Approach For Acute And Convalescence Stages, Hongwu Zeng, Wenxian Huang, Feiqiu Wen, Yonker Wang, Yungen Gan, Weibin Zeng, Ranran Chen, Yanxia He, Zaiyi Liu, Changhong Liang, Kelvin K. L. Wong

Radiology Faculty Publications

Background: The objective of this study is to assess standardized histograms of signal intensities of T1 signal and T2 signal on sagittal view without enhancement during (1) acute stage, and (2) convalescence stage of pediatric patients with Enterovirus 71 related brainstem encephalitis (BE), and with respect to (3) healthy normal.

Methods: Our subjects were hospitalized between March 2010 and October 2012, and underwent pre- and post-contrast MRI studies. The research question to be answered is whether the comparison of the MRI image intensity histograms and relevant statistical quantification can add new knowledge to the diagnosis of BE patients. So, both …

To Asses Inter- And Intra-Observer Variability For Breast Density And Birads Assessment Categories In Mammographic Reporting, Imrana Masroor, Mahreen Rasoor, Shaista Afzal Saeed, Saba Sohail

Department of Radiology

Objective: To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability among radiologists in the characterisation of mammograms according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System assessment and breast density categories.
Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2014 to June 2014. Using non-probability purposive sampling, all mammograms in the study were interpreted by three radiologists on the basis of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories and by assessing the breast density composition. The inter-observer variability was recorded by comparing the difference in the interpretation and categorisation of each case. Intra-observer variability was noted …

Evaluation Of A Pacap Peptide Analogue Labeled With (68)Ga Using Two Different Chelating Agents., Pardeep Kumar, Sushil Kumar Tripathi, Chang-Po Chen, Neil Mehta, Bishnuhari Paudyal, Eric Wickstrom, Mathew L. Thakur

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: The authors have conjugated chelating agents (DOTA and NODAGA) with a peptide (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide [PACAP] analogue) that has a high affinity for VPAC1 receptors expressed on cancer cells. To determine a suitable chelating agent for labeling with (68)Ga, they have compared the labeling kinetics and stability of these peptide conjugates.

METHODS: For labeling, (68)GaCl3 was eluted in 0.1 M HCl from a [(68)Ge-(68)Ga] generator. The influences of peptide concentration, pH, and temperature on the radiolabeling efficiency were studied. The stability was evaluated in saline, human serum, DTPA, transferrin, and metallic ions (FeCl3, CaCl2, and ZnCl2). Cell binding …

Ncrp Program Area Committee 7: Radiation Education, Risk Communication, Outreach, And Policy, S. M. Becker, P. A. Locke

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Recognizing the central importance of effective communication, education, and policy across all of the domains of radiation safety and radiation protection, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) established a new committee in 2013. Program Area Committee 7 (PAC 7) was created to develop projects and provide guidance on Radiation Education, Risk Communication, Outreach, and Policy. After identifying individuals with relevant expertise who were willing to serve, the Committee held its inaugural meeting in 2014. In 2015, the Committee increased its membership and began carrying out an expanded program of activities. One area of activity has involved providing …

Biodistribution And Pharmacokinetics Study Of Sirna-Loaded Anti-Ntsr1-Mab-Functionalized Novel Hybrid Nanoparticles In A Metastatic Orthotopic Murine Lung Cancer Model., Maryna Perepelyuk, Chellappagounder Thangavel, Yi Liu, Robert B. Den, Bo Lu, Adam E. Snook, Sunday A. Shoyele

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is effective in silencing critical molecular pathways in cancer. The use of this tool as a treatment modality is limited by lack of an intelligent carrier system to enhance the preferential delivery of this molecule to specific targets in vivo. In the present study, the in vivo behavior of novel anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized antimutant K-ras siRNA-loaded hybrid nanoparticles, delivered by i.p. injection to non-small-cell lung cancer in mice models, was investigated and compared to that of a naked siRNA formulation. The siRNA in anti-NTSR1-mAb-functionalized hybrid nanoparticles was preferentially accumulated in tumor-bearing lungs and metastasized tumor for at least …